绕三角翼流态中的某些定常与非定常特性研究

利用流动显示及片光技术，对绕三角翼流动中的某些非定常特性进行了研究。首先在涡面剪切层中发现了两种不同的小涡结构。进而对涡破裂点脉动做了系统的观测，发现在破裂点很靠近顶点的迎角下，脉动主频突然增大。此外还对三角翼涡破裂形态做了细致的分析，提出了泡状破裂在一定程度上可以看成螺旋破裂并给出了实验结果，提出了三种特殊的破裂形态。     

双三角翼的翼面压力分布与空间涡态相关分析

本文将双三角翼翼而测压试验结果与空间涡态观察测量结果进行了定性的相关对比分析，分析表明：垂直于双三角翼翼面的典型横截面上压力系数Ｃｐ展向分布与空间涡态有明显的相对应关系，Ｃｐ分布的峰值数目反映了双三角翼的双涡态和单涡态，Ｃｐ峰值随α变化反映了涡强随ａ的变化，Ｃｐ峰值所在展向位置反映着涡核的展向位置，ＣＰＭＴＤＨＧＡＥ Ｒ ＧＵ ＦＪＧ ＲＣ ＪＭＤＹＢ Ｉ的破裂。     

破裂涡流中非定常现象与频率特性实验研究

通过流动显示、表面动态压力测量及热线测量等实验手段,对三角翼破裂涡流中的多种频率成分进行了分析。频谱分析确定了破裂点脉动和螺旋波的频率特征。实验结果表明,螺旋波主频随着弦向位置的增大先是迅速而后平缓减小。前缘涡破裂点振动具有准周期性,在不同的弦向位置上主频大小几乎没有改变,在靠近破裂点的位置有较大的振动能量。实验分析还表明,在破裂涡的流动状态下,虽然没有形成完全分离流,三角翼绕流流场中已经存在涡脱落的现象。     

三角翼跨声速动态失速与涡破裂特性研究

通过数值方法研究了高速气流中细长三角翼作匀速上仰机动飞行时的背风面分离流与涡破裂特性和气动力特性。结果表明,在三角翼匀速上仰非定常绕流中,涡破裂起始攻角与上仰速度关系比较复杂,在本计算速度范围内,涡破裂起始攻角变化很小;动态时涡破裂点发展速度随攻角变化规律与静态结果差别甚大;三角翼大攻角非定常绕流前缘涡涡轴附近的流动以不稳定涡和涡破裂为主要特征;在一定的上仰速度以后即使在中等攻角前非定常升力与定常升力仍有较大差别,与低速情况有所不同;上仰运动使涡破裂点发展速度被延缓,从而提高了失速攻角和最大升力,并使失速攻角与涡破裂起始攻角的间隔进一步拉大,同时不改变升阻比     

上仰三角翼的流动与频率特性

在水洞和风洞中分别完成了上仰三角翼的流动显示和动态测压试验,目的是研究上仰-停止三角翼的流动和频率特性。水洞中的流动显示试验结果表明,在不同的上仰迎角范围和不同的简化频率k值下,三角翼前缘涡破裂点的位置变化是不相同的。通过分析在风洞中测得的三角翼做上仰运动时的压力信号的结果表明,在破裂涡区中,在相同的名义迎角下,无量纲螺旋波的主频比静态时的高,且k值越大无量纲螺旋波频率越高。不同后掠角的三角翼均能得到相似的结论。     

三角翼作俯仰运动时水洞测力和流动显示实验研究

基于水洞中三角翼模型的动态测力和流动显示实验,讨论了俯仰运动的起始角、运动幅度和运动速率对三角翼俯仰运动时的气动特性和流动结构的影响。三角翼的气动力在俯仰运动中会产生“迟滞”或“过冲”现象。中等攻角以上,上仰运动推迟了三角翼的失速,大幅度增大了三角翼的升力系数。俯仰运动起始角和运动幅度的影响大小与其对应的静态三角翼流态有关,三角翼在涡破裂流态和完全分离流态之间作俯仰运动时,上仰时升力系数将始终高于下俯时的升力系数,运动中存在显著迟滞。迟滞的大小也受俯仰速率的影响。     

三角翼和双三角翼前缘涡及其卷吸作用的计算

本文提出一种计算模型,用以计算亚声速大迎角下前缘分离机翼的流动和气动特性。通过在涡轴上分布线涡/线汇,这种计算模型包括了对前缘自由涡面、涡核及涡的卷吸作用的模拟。由于它是在非线性离散涡法的基础上发展起来的,因而具有计算过程简捷的特点。对三角翼及双三角翼气动特性的计算表明,计算值与实验值符合得相当好。计算还表明,在计算中计及和不计及涡的卷吸作用能引起计算载荷相当大的变化。     

Pω增强型k-ω湍流模型在三角翼旋涡流动的应用

在三角翼旋涡绕流数值模拟中,标准 Wilcox k-ω湍流模型生成项未考虑旋度的影响而导致预测的旋涡强度较弱。通过引入探测因子区分剪切层和涡核,在旋涡流动的高旋度区域增加ω方程生成项的方法,基于结构化网格上的 RANS 求解器,加入了 Pω增强型 k-ω湍流模型,对绕尖前缘三角翼亚声速和跨声速旋涡流场进行了数值模拟。计算结果与 NASA 的 NTF 风洞和 DLR 的 DNW-TWG 风洞试验数据进行了对比分析,结果表明：不论在亚声速还是跨声速自由来流条件下,Pω增强型 k-ω湍流模型计算的压力分布、涡破裂位置均与试验数据吻合良好,准确地预测出了三角翼上翼面的主涡、二次涡结构,特别是跨声速条件下激波干扰导致的涡破裂的临界迎角及涡破裂位置,表明 Pω增强型 k-ω湍流模型在绕三角翼旋涡流动数值模拟中具有良好的适用性。     

旋涡运动研究的某些进展

 本文简要介绍研究旋涡运动在以下问题上的某些结果:低速不同后掠角三角翼在各个迎角下的九种分离流类型及其边界;应用微分方程定性论与拓扑学对三维分离流与旋涡流的分析;旋涡破裂形态,对三角翼前缘涡破裂的实验研究与理论分析;受控分离与旋涡的干扰,二旋涡的位移、绕转与合并等。     

三角翼大迎角绕流特性数值模拟的网格处理技术研究

研究网格对三角翼大迎角绕流特性数值模拟的影响.结果表明,网格的生成需要结合流动现象,对网格拓扑结构和网格点分布进行选择与搭配.C-H型网格适宜模拟尖前缘分离涡流态,法向网格在一定范围内应等距增长,沿流向逆压梯度较大的区域内适当增加网格点,尾迹区网格则应做上翘处理.Euler方程具有模拟三角翼旋涡及预测涡破裂特性的能力,但对二次涡等粘性引起的流动细节把握能力不足.利用层流假设的N-S方程,通过合适的网格,也可得到满意的计算结果,但对涡破裂后的强烈非定常湍流流动模拟能力不足.采用旋涡螺旋度可准确反映主涡与二次涡流动,描述旋涡的破裂现象.用轴向速度迅速减小并小于来流速度的点作为涡破裂判据似应更合理.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.