纳米孔隔热材料等效热导率的计算

通过文献调研,分别讨论了纳米孔高效隔热材料在微米尺度和纳米尺度下气体导热,纳米尺度孔结构气固耦合等效热导率,添加遮光剂颗粒的气凝胶复合等效热导率和高温辐射等效热导率的计算方法.在此基础上,调研了用于计算流固耦合等效热导率计算的几种典型理想结构,结合对纳米孔高效隔热材料等效热导率有影响的各种因素及微米理想结构,采用热阻串并联的分析方法,可以计算纳米孔高效隔热材料的等效热导率.     

表面粗糙度对高辐射涂层发射率的影响

以氧化铁、碳化硅和氧化钴为高辐射填料,通过控制涂层浆料固含量和喷涂次数制备出了不同表
面粗糙度的高辐射涂层。用AE 辐射计测试了不同表面粗糙度高辐射涂层的室温发射率,根据GB/ T 7287—
2008 测试了涂层的800℃高温发射率,用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察了涂层表面形貌,用扫描探针显微
镜测试了涂层的表面粗糙度。结果表明,在辐射换热条件下高辐射涂层表面粗糙度在2. 75 ~225. 70 μm 变化
时,其室温发射率发生了0. 02 ~ 0. 05 的变化。而在导热换热条件下高辐射涂层表面粗糙度在2. 75 ~ 36. 99
μm 变化时,其高温发射率没有变化。     

SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温稳定性

以ZrOCl2·8H2O 为锆源,以环氧丙烷( PO) 为凝胶促进剂制备ZrO2 凝胶,将ZrO2 凝胶置于正硅
酸乙酯乙醇溶液中老化,再结合高温超临界干燥工艺制备了SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶。通过对比ZrO2 气凝胶和
SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构转变讨论了SiO2 改性对ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构的影响。采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM
和TEM 等分析手段对样品进行高温结构表征。结果表明:采用正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液老化ZrO2 凝胶后,在ZrO2
凝胶粒子表面形成了一层SiO2 包裹层,这层SiO2 包裹层显著抑制了ZrO2 的扩散、成核和生长过程,高温稳定
性得以显著提高。     

氧化硅气凝胶粉体材料力学性能的多尺度模拟

基于氧化硅气凝胶粉体材料内部的微结构特征,建立了能反映其特征结构的多尺度力学模型,利
用分子动力学方法模拟了氧化硅气凝胶的纳米多孔结构和拉伸性能,进一步利用离散元方法模拟了粉体材料
的模压成形和多轴压缩应力-应变曲线。分子动力学模拟表明,气凝胶密度越低,其分形维数越小。此外,离
散元模拟表明,氧化硅气凝胶粉体材料的弹性模量比对应的氧化硅气凝胶弹性模量低,压缩强度比对应气凝胶
的拉伸强度高;随着围压的增加,氧化硅气凝胶粉体材料的压缩强度增加。     

微米尺度结构特征对纳米材料热导率的影响

构建了包含纤维和遮光剂等功能添加物以及裂缝等非均匀结构的理想结构单元,采用等效电路的分析方法,计算了复合型隔热材料的等效热导率.通过参数计算分析,讨论了纤维和遮光剂等功能添加物以及裂缝等非均匀结构对纳米孔高效隔热材料隔热性能的影响规律.计算结果表明,纤维和遮光剂颗粒的添加,提高了材料的固相热导率,但由于遮光荆颗粒能够有效的抑制材料的高温辐射,故存在最佳的添加比率(本文为30%);纤维的排布方向以及裂缝的大小,均对材料的隔热性能有较大的影响.     

掺杂SiO2气凝胶结构及其热学特性研究

以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源,钛白粉为红外遮光剂,通过溶胶－凝胶及超临界干燥过程制备了钛白粉掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶。用透射电镜、扫描电镜以及孔径分布仪对其结构进行了表征,并用动态热线法对其热学特性进行了测试。结果表明： 钛白粉能较均匀的分散在ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶中;掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶的孔洞大小分布在５～７０ｎｍ ,峰值在２０ｎｍ 附近,组成ＳｉＯ２ 网络的胶体颗粒为５～１０ｎｍ ;随着钛白粉掺杂量的增加,掺杂ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶的孔径分布峰高变矮,同时出现孔径为几纳米的微孔;热学测试结果显示钛白粉掺杂量为２０ｗ ｔ％ 的ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶在常压、８３１Ｋ 时的热导率为０．０３５ｗ ｍ － １Ｋ－ １。     

耐高温柔性PI 气凝胶的合成与性能

以3,3’,4,4’ -联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)和含咪唑环的芳香族二胺,2-(4-氨基苯基) -5-氨基苯并
咪唑(4-APBI)或2-(3-氨基苯基) -5-氨基苯并咪唑(3-APBI) 为聚合单体,以八( 氨基苯基) 聚倍半硅氧烷
(OAPS)为交联剂,采用超临界CO2 干燥工艺制备了两种PI 气凝胶,PIA-1(BPDA/4-APBI/ OAPS) 与PIA-2
(BPDA/3-APBI/ OAPS)。研究表明,制备的PI 气凝胶具有纳米串珠状的微观结构,其泡孔最可几孔径分别为
22 nm(PIA-1)与14 nm(PIA-2)。PIA-1 与PIA-2 的密度分别为0. 105 和0. 080 g/ cm3,BET 表面积分别为
693 和302 m2 / g。此外,制备的PI 气凝胶具有良好的柔韧性与耐热稳定性,Tg 超过了350℃,T5
d 超过了530℃。     

水热-凝胶法ZrO2 气凝胶的制备与表征

以硝酸氧锆为锆源,尿素为凝胶促进剂,通过水热凝胶法结合超临界乙醇干燥,可成功制备出具
有良好纳米三维网络结构的ZrO2 气凝胶。采用透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET),X 射线衍
射仪等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,ZrO2 气凝胶主要由无定型和四方晶相组成,其比表
面积为445 m2 / g,孔径主要分布在5 ~7 nm 和30 ~40 nm 两处。     

低密度气凝胶复合材料的火星环境适应性研究

针对航天器的使用要求,研制了密度≤30 kg/m~3轻质高效的二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料。针对深空探测的应用环境,对低密度气凝胶复合材料在不同条件下的热导率、热循环、热真空和电离总剂量等环境试验进行测试。结果表明,低密度气凝胶复合材料服役温度可达到-145～85℃,在1 kPa CO_2气氛下热导率可达到6.6 mW/(m·K)。获得了不同气氛和不同温度条件下以及同种气氛、不同压力条件下低密度气凝胶复合材料的热导率变化规律,并测试批次性材料热导率,结果表明批次热导率稳定性良好。热循环、热真空和电离辐照试验前后热导率和尺寸收缩率均未变化,表明低密度气凝胶复合材料在深空环境下保持良好的结构和稳定的隔热性能。     

高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状

高导热C/ C 复合材料具有高热导率、低密度、低热胀系数和高温下高强度等性能,成为近年来最
具发展前景的散热材料之一。本文综述了国内外高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状,分析了C/ C 复合材料的热
物理性能及影响其热导率的因素,介绍了C/ C 复合材料的导热机理、碳纤维、基体炭的导热性能,以及高导热
C/ C 复合材料的制备和改性等。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.