平流层爆发性增温期间大气变化特性的COSMIC掩星观测

利用高精度和高垂直分辨率的COSMIC掩星观测资料, 详细深入分析了2007年冬---2008年春平流层爆发性增温(SSW)期间10~60 km高度范围内大气的变化特性, 尤其是上平流层和低中间层大气的变化特性. 结果表明, 在SSW过程中, 温度场、风场和剩余环流都发生了明显的变化. 根据温度在主增温前和主增温盛期的变化特性, 在水平方向, 大约以55ºN为界, 在垂直方向, 大约以42 km为界, 可以将温度场在纬度-高度的分布分为4个区域: 高纬下层增温区, 增温幅度约高达25 K; 高纬上层降温区, 降温幅度约达30,K; 中纬下层降温区, 降温幅度约为几K; 中纬上层增温区, 增温也约为几K. SSW期间上下层大气纬向风场的变化规律基本相同. 在纬度方向以45ºN为界, 45ºN以北地区的西风减弱东风增强, 风场变化高达50 m/s; 45ºN以南地区西风增强东风减弱, 变化幅度比较小, 约10 m/s. 在2008年1月下旬到2月底, 大气温度和纬向风有明显的振荡现象, 周期约为12天. 剩余环流的环流圈在SSW期间会发生反转, 由此也表明, SSW期间大气中物质的输运方向也会发生改变.     

Signatures of the Sudden Stratospheric Warming events of January–February 2008 in Seoul,S. Korea

The period January–February 2008 was characterized by four Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) in the Northern Hemisphere, of which the last warming, at the end of February 2008, was a major warming. A significant decrease in mesospheric water vapour (H₂O) of more than 2 ppmv (∼40%) was observed by the ground-based microwave (GBMW) radiometer in Seoul, S. Korea [37.3°N, 126.3°E] during the major SSW. A comparison with ground-based mesospheric H₂O observations from the mid-latitude station in Bern [46.9°N, 7°E] revealed an anticorrelation in the mesospheric H₂O data during the major SSW. In addition, prior to the major warming, strong periodic fluctuations were recorded in the Aura MLS vertical temperature distribution between 15 and 0.05 hPa at Seoul. The mesospheric temperature oscillation was found to have a period of ∼10–14 days with a persistency of 3–4 cycles.     

2018－2019年平流层顶抬升事件期间的准定常行星波

2018－2019年北半球高纬地区的冬季发生了平流层顶抬升事件, 各种大气波动在该事件中所扮演的角色尚不完全清楚. 利用卫星和再分析数据, 给出了在这次ES事件发生前后平流层顶和背景大气的变化, 深入研究了准定常行星波在平流层和中间层下部的活动. 结果显示, 纬向波数为1的准定常行星1波在12月初开始增强, 在12月中旬达到最大值. 在整个12月, 即原平流层顶的下降与增温阶段, 都呈现出对背景大气强烈的西向波强迫. 在平流层顶抬升事件发生后, 该波活动减弱, 对背景大气的拽力很弱, 可能没有参与平流层顶抬升事件的后续阶段. 纬向波数为2的准定常行星在ES事件发生前活动较弱, 而在1月中旬开始增强, 在1月中旬到2月末, 即高平流层顶形成阶段以及之后的下降与增温阶段, 呈现出对背景大气的西向波强迫, 强迫中心随高度的下降与高平流层顶的下降一致, 说明该波主要在这一阶段发挥作用.     

大气重力波引起的突发钠层的模拟研究

应用钠原子和中性大气分子的质量连续性方程来模拟突发钠层(SSL),垂直风场采用接近实际大气重力波的正弦行波模式,结果较好地反映了SSL的形成过程.SSL的形成时刻在5-15min之间并可持续到30min之后,形成高度大约在90-100km之间,峰宽为0.5-2km之间,这些都与实际观测SSL的特点相符.同时还进一步地研究了当重力波参数(主要指垂直波长和周期)、风速以及常态钠层半宽度发生变化时SSL的变化趋势.     

Comprehensive evaluation of Satellite-Based and reanalysis precipitation products over the Mediterranean region in Turkey

Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological and energy cycles, as well as a key input parameter for many applications in the fields of hydrology, climatology, meteorology, and weather forecasting research. As a result, estimating precipitation accurately is critical. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive and comparative evaluation of grid-based precipitation products over Turkey's Mediterranean region from 2017 to 2021 at monthly and grid scales, using data from 193 ground-based meteorological stations as a reference. PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, GSMaP MVK, PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 are the eight grid-based precipitation products. Several prospective were used to evaluate the products, including magnitude agreement with gauge stations for the entire region and the six hydrological sub-basins included in the region, performance in capturing various intensity categories, and elevation dependency. According to the evaluation results, PERCIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 performed well in all evaluation aspects, whereas PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, and GSMaP MVK performed poorly in all metrics. The majority of the products underestimated heavy rainfall events, while all products performed better at low and moderate precipitation events. As a result, the products performed better in the summer and spring months (March to October) than in the winter months (December to February). Furthermore, the results showed that the performance of the majority of the products degraded for elevations greater than 1000 m. The evaluation suggests that PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 can be used as good precipitation data sources and as a complement to ground-based meteorological stations in Turkey's Mediterranean region.     

Mesosphere/lower thermosphere wind regime parameters using a newly installed SKiYMET meteor radar at Kazan (56°N, 49°E)

New meteor radar (MR) horizontal wind data obtained during 2015–2018 at Kazan (56°N, 49°E) are presented. The measurements were carried out with a state-of-the-art SKiYMET meteor radar. Monthly mean vertical profiles of zonal and meridional components of the prevailing wind speeds, also amplitudes and phases of the components of diurnal (DT) and semidiurnal tide (SDT) winds are displayed as contour plots for a mean calendar year over the four recent years and compared with distributions of these parameters provided by the previous multiyear (1986–2002) meteor radar (MR) measurements at Kazan and by the recent HWM07 empirical model. The analysis shows that the SKiYMET zonal and meridional prevailing wind speeds are generally in good agreement, sharing the same seasonal features, with the earlier MR seasonal winds. Comparisons with the HWM07 model are not favourable: eastward solstitial cells as modelled are significantly larger, >30?m/s compared to 15–20?m/s. Also, reversal lines are too variable with height, and the positions of modelled cells (positive and negative) are unlike those of either MRs at Kazan or other MLT radars. Both MR systems provide the large SDT amplitudes, approximately 30?m/s and vertical wavelengths, approximately 55?km, for both components at middle latitudes in winter. They also show the well known strong SDT September feature (heights 85–100?km, the vertical wavelength ～55–60?km), and the weak summer SDT for 80–91?km. HWM07 shows unrealistic amplitudes and phases above 90?km by height and month: minimal amplitudes in equinoxes and no September feature.The weak DT of middle to high latitudes provide similar amplitude and phase structures from both MRs, 1986–2002 and 2015–2017: largest amplitudes (10–12 or 8–10?m/s) for the evanescent meridional tide in summer, peaking in late July; weakest (0–2, 2–4?m/s) at 80 to 92–96?km, when the tide is vertically propagating (January, February, November, December) with a vertical wavelength near 40?km. Again, HWM07 differs in amplitude and phase structures: showing peak amplitudes in equinoxes: April, 15?m/s at 88?km; October, 21?m/s at 89?km.Coupling of the MR wind parameters with the ERA5 wind parameters is studied for a case in 2016. It is shown that the prevailing winds and DT amplitudes and phases of both datasets can be simply linked together, but that the ERA5 SDT amplitudes are significantly underestimated at the top model levels of the ERA5 reanalysis project.     

平流层爆发性增温事件中大气准16日行星波

2014年1月上中旬高纬平流层发生弱增温事件,增温幅度约25K,纬向西风减弱并于2月初转向.行星波在平流层爆发性增温（SSW）事件产生中具有重要作用.利用北半球近东经120°链上中低纬5个流星雷达探测的风场数据,研究了此SSW事件发生前和发生期间中间层和低热层区（MLT）大气风场的行星波状况.结果显示,极区平流层增温前MLT区大气呈现出明显增强的准16日波动,增温达到最大时,16日波也最强,表明中低纬MLT区的行星波变化与SSW事件存在耦合关系.进一步利用欧洲中心平流层再分析资料数据,分析SSW期间北半球平流层的波动和零风线状况,发现平流层准16日波和零风线随时间由低纬向高纬移动,反映出16日波与SSW之间存在某种动力学联系.     

适合多种机床结构的数控系统5坐标变换库

研究了适合多种结构布局形式的统一坐标变换方法,开发出数控系统5坐标变换函数库,并作为坐标变换控制模块集成到数控系统中.分析了5坐标数控机床运动学模型,归纳出12种5坐标数控机床结构布局,并推导了对应的坐标变换数学算法.通过结构分析和数学变换将12种算法扩展归纳到3类基础算法,并基于3类基础算法开发出适合多种机床结构布局的5坐标变换库.利用机床三维仿真系统验证了5坐标变换库的可行性,并将该坐标变换库集成到北京航空航天大学开发的CH-2010开放式数控系统中.     

Azimuthal propagation of Pc5 geomagnetic field pulsations in the southern polar cap

A statistical analysis of low frequency geomagnetic fluctuations at the two Antarctic stations Mario Zucchelli Station (geographic coordinates: 74.7°S, 164.1°E; corrected geomagnetic coordinates: 80.0°S, 306.8°E) and Dumont D’Urville (geographic coordinates: 66.7°S, 140.0°E; corrected geomagnetic coordinates: 80.4°S, 236.0°E) is shown. The analysis focuses on power spectra, coherence and phase difference between the stations, which are both located in the polar cap, with a 5-h magnetic local time displacement along a geomagnetic parallel; in this situation, the phase difference between geomagnetic fluctuations indicates the direction of their azimuthal propagation. Coherent fluctuations have been found to occur preferably when both stations are on the same side (dawnward or duskward) with respect to the polar cusp; moreover, around local magnetic midnight, they occur essentially during open magnetospheric conditions. The phase difference for coherent fluctuations indicates a propagation direction away from local geomagnetic noon and midnight. Also the analysis of three individual pulsation events, occurring at different times during the day, is shown; they are characterized at the two stations by simultaneous, coherent fluctuations, whose phase difference finds correspondence with the statistical behaviour.     

一种多码率QC-LDPC码译码结构设计与实现

为了满足在一个系统中使用多码率LDPC(Low Density Parity Check)码字的需求,设计了一个7Kbit长度多码率LDPC码的译码器,分析了各种码率之间校验矩阵的相似性,提出了复合译码结构中变量节点运算单元、校验节点运算单元以及迭代存储器单元的复用方案.通过在变量节点运算单元以及校验节点运算单元输入端增加若干选通开关,就可以使这些运算单元适于多码率的处理.通过管脚的选择,此译码器支持非规则0.4码率、非规则0.6码率以及非规则0.8码率3种工作译码模式,并用Altera公司的FPGA进行了实现.综合结果表明,所提出的复合结构在不损伤单码率译码性能的前提下,仅用略多于0.8码率LDPC码单独译码的硬件资源实现了3种码率码字的译码.      

基于主元分析和BP神经网络对刀具VB值预测

对声发射信号进行5层小波分解提取6个频段的能量值,把它与切削速度、切削深度、进给量和切削时间一起作为刀具状态的特征向量.通过主元分析进行降维、消除特征向量间的相关性后,把得到的主元作为BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的输入向量.BP神经网络应用改进的LM(Levenberg-Marquart)算法进行学习,利用输入向量对网络进行训练后,实现对刀具后刀面磨损量VB的预测.实验结果显示:基于主元分析和LM算法改进的BP神经网络建立的预测系统,网络输出与实测VB值的误差0.03以内;根据预测VB值的范围可判别出刀具的不同状态.      

基于包应用标准的紫外极光成像仪通信控制系统的设计与实现

在中国传统航天器中,通信系统格式通常各不相同。随着载荷越来越复杂,通信系统的格式往往需要重建,而且由于缺乏灵活性,会产生许多限制。对于SMILE卫星中的紫外极光成像仪（UVI）工程任务, 为与国际对接,提高数据处理的效率,设计实现了基于遥控遥测包应用标准（PUS）的通信与控制系统,根据通信与控制系统的构成及工作原理,PUS业务的选择和实现,对通信功能进行设计,按照PUS标准完成遥测遥控功能,并基于PUS业务提出故障诊断和处理方法。通过对系统进行集成测试,结果表明电控箱通信与控制系统工作稳定,能够完成指令处理、科学数据接收存储、故障诊断以及多种数据包发送,满足任务需求。     

基于距离徙动修正的近程大斜视成像算法

在近程大斜视成像中,当采用距离徙动（RM）算法进行处理时,信号谱在有限谱域范围内发生偏移,引起多次翻折造成混叠,使得通常处理方式不再适用。为此,提出一种解混叠方法恢复实际信号谱,通过斜视角或目标中心偏移量可计算出信号谱的翻折次数,依据翻折次数可将信号谱恢复至实际谱域位置,进而依照RM算法流程进行处理即可实现大斜视成像。该算法基于信号谱进行,未对距离方程进行近似处理,因此不仅适用于远场,同时可以解决近程大斜视成像问题。计算机仿真和实际实验测量结果显示,采用本文算法处理后可对成像范围内的目标实现精确聚焦。本文算法适用近程条件下阵列雷达或合成孔径雷达（SAR）的大斜视成像问题,可对较大斜视角情况实现精确聚焦。同时,本文算法的流程清晰,易于实际编程实现。     

木星磁层熵参量的计算与分析

空间等离子体熵的不守恒可能来自于磁场位形改变和非绝热过程.熵参量PV~(5/3)被广泛应用于分析地球磁层等离子体片中的输运问题,其中,P为压力,V为单位磁通量管的体积.通过熵参量的分布和变化可以判断磁层的稳定性及揭示磁层中的动力学过程.本文利用地球磁层中熵参量的分析应用,计算了木星稳态磁层模型中磁通量管的熵参量分布.从5R_j(R_j为木星半径)到55_j,熵参量增加了4个量级,55 R)_j之后有所下降,表明所用磁层模型在55R_j之外已经不稳定.同时,假想磁场重联后的单位磁通量管的熵参量分布表明,赤道面中远磁尾的磁场重联是由尾向输运的磁力线管拉伸断裂重联引起的.     

基于SQCQP算法的变循环发动机性能寻优控制

为了满足变循环发动机(VCE)性能寻优控制(PSC)需求,提出了一种基于序列二次约束二次规划(SQCQP)算法的性能寻优控制算法,通过罚函数将二次约束二次规划(QCQP)子问题转化为适应度函数,并提出一种改进微分进化(IDE)算法求解QCQP子问题,以获得最优的搜索方向。与序列二次规划(SQP)算法相比,本文提出的基于IDE算法求解QCQP子问题的SQCQP算法(IDE-SQCQP)能在更少的迭代次数下寻到更优的解。将IDESQCQP算法应用于变循环发动机的性能寻优控制中,数字仿真结果表明,在最大推力寻优控制中,IDE-SQCQP算法用时比SQP算法减少16.81%,优化效果提升了21.50%,在最小油耗寻优控制中,IDE-SQCQP算法用时比SQP算法减少14.90%,优化效果提升了31.03%,达到了算法提出的目的。     

Computerized ionospheric tomography with the IRI model

Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) is a method to estimate ionospheric electron density distribution by using the global positioning system (GPS) signals recorded by the GPS receivers. Ionospheric electron density is a function of latitude, longitude, height and time. A general approach in CIT is to represent the ionosphere as a linear combination of basis functions. In this study, the model of the ionosphere is obtained from the IRI in latitude and height only. The goal is to determine the best representing basis function from the set of Squeezed Legendre polynomials, truncated Legendre polynomials, Haar Wavelets and singular value decomposition (SVD). The reconstruction algorithms used in this study can be listed as total least squares (TLS), regularized least squares, algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and a hybrid algorithm where the reconstruction from the TLS algorithm is used as the initial estimate for the ART. The error performance of the reconstruction algorithms are compared with respect to the electron density generated by the IRI-2001 model. In the investigated scenario, the measurements are obtained from the IRI-2001 as the line integral of the electron density profiles, imitating the total electron content estimated from GPS measurements. It has been observed that the minimum error between the reconstructed and model ionospheres depends on both the reconstruction algorithm and the basis functions where the best results have been obtained for the basis functions from the model itself through SVD.     

Estimation of QZSS differential code biases using QZSS/GPS combined observations from MGEX

As an important error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and ionospheric modeling, the differential code biases (DCB) need to be estimated accurately, e.g., the regional Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS). In this paper, the DCB of QZSS is estimated by adopting the global ionospheric modeling method based on QZSS/GPS combined observations from Multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX). The performance of QZSS satellite and receiver DCB is analyzed with observations from day of year (DOY) 275–364, 2018. Good agreement between our estimated QZSS satellite DCB and the products from DLR and CAS is obtained. The bias and root mean square (RMS) of DCB are mostly within ±0.3 ns. The day-to-day fluctuation of the DCB time series is less than 0.5 ns with about 96% of the cases for all satellites. However, the receiver DCB is a little less stable than satellite DCB, and their standard deviations (STDs) are within 1.9 ns. The result shows that the stability of the receiver DCBs is not significantly related to the types of receiver or antenna.     

GLONASS-based precise point positioning and performance analysis

Current precise point positioning (PPP) techniques are mainly based on GPS which has been extensively investigated. With the increase of available GLONASS satellites during its revitalization, GLONASS observations were increasingly integrated into GPS-based PPP. Now that GLONASS has reached its full constellation, there will be a wide interest in PPP systems based on only GLONASS since it provides a PPP implementation independent of GPS. An investigation of GLONASS-based PPP will also help the development of GPS and GLONASS combined PPP techniques for improved precision and reliability. This paper presents an observation model for GLONASS-based PPP in which the GLONASS hardware delay biases are addressed. In view of frequently changed frequency channel number (FCN) for GLONASS satellites, an algorithm has been developed to compute the FCN for GLONASS satellites using code and phase observations, which avoids the need to provide the GLONASS frequency channel information during data processing. The observation residuals from GLONASS-based PPP are analyzed and compared to those from GPS-based PPP. The performance of GLONASS-based PPP is assessed using data from 15 globally distributed stations.