Progress of the Quantum Experiment Science Satellite (QUESS) Micius Project

The Micius satellite was successfully launched on 16 August 2016, from Jiuquan, China, orbiting at an altitude of about 500 km. The main scientific goals, including satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution, satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution, ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation, and satellite relayed intercontinental quantum network, were achieved in 2017. As a starting point, the Micius satellite has become a platform for quantum science experiments at the space scale. Here, we introduce the latest experimental achievements (in 2018-2020) based on the Micius satellite.      

量子科学实验卫星射频信道物理层设计

量子科学卫星有效载荷激光链路需要有一条上下行射频高速通信链路作为激光链路的量子秘钥分发途径.构建了量子科学卫星上下行射频链路的物理层硬件和算法,该链路采用符合CCSDS频谱规范的SRRC-OQPSK作为上行调制类型,上行速率达到1.024Mbit·s-1,下行采用SRRC-OQPSK和GMSK调制,速率达到4Mbit·s-1.经过与多个地面站的对接试验测试,结果表明数传通信机的载波捕获灵敏度优于-100dBm,数据解调灵敏度优于-98dBm,AGC（自动增益控制）能力大于43dB,在-96dBm接收信号电平条件下的实际传输误码率优于1×10-9.在轨试验验证证明,射频信道物理层设计方案满足量子科学实验任务要求.      

量子科学实验卫星密钥分发实验任务规划

针对量子科学实验卫星密钥分发实验任务规划约束条件多以及时效性要求高的特点,基于对密钥分发实验过程及约束分析,建立了约束满足规划模型.以完成时限最短为优化目标,综合考虑任务规划所需光学及数传站资源分配,利用深度优先搜索算法对模型进行求解,解决了实验过程中多要素紧耦合、强时间约束的难题.仿真分析结果表明,所提出的模型及算法有效,能够满足量子科学实验卫星密钥分发实验星地交互的需求.      

基于梯度提升决策树的量子科学实验卫星光学实验预测

量子科学实验卫星在轨运行期间完成4种光学实验，地面监测人员通过遥测参数阈值判断卫星是否进行光学实验、实验类型及实验结果.这种方法需要预先设定大量阈值，并且这些阈值需要根据在轨卫星重新设定，可扩展性较差.针对以上问题，提出一种基于机器学习的光学实验判别方法，将量子科学实验卫星的光学实验监测任务抽象为机器学习中的多元分类问题，构建分类模型，利用量子科学实验卫星的真实历史遥测数据对模型进行训练，并通过真实实验计划对训练得到的模型进行验证.实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在没有专家先验知识的前提下，判别准确率达到99%，可用于量子科学实验卫星光学实验的实时监测任务.提出的基于机器学习的判别方法具有较强的可扩展性，可应用于卫星在轨运行的其他监测任务.      

卫星磁载荷现场校准技术研究

本文介绍了一种卫星磁场探测载荷现场校准技术,设计了拆分式磁场线圈、无磁支架等,研制了校准装置。利用该技术实现了对卫星磁载荷在整星测试、发射前等多个阶段的测试校准,解决了卫星载荷在星体装配完成后无法测试的难题,提高了磁载荷测试数据可靠度,保证了科学实验的有效性。该校准技术已服务于我国首颗地磁监测试验卫星(张衡一号卫星),对其磁场探测载荷在整星测试、出厂测试、发射场技术确认等多个阶段进行了校准,取得了很好的应用效果。     

卫星磁载荷现场校准技术研究

本文介绍了一种卫星磁场探测载荷现场校准技术,设计了拆分式磁场线圈、无磁支架等,研制了校准装置。利用该技术实现了对卫星磁载荷在整星测试、发射前等多个阶段的测试校准,解决了卫星载荷在星体装配完成后无法测试的难题,提高了磁载荷测试数据可靠度,保证了科学实验的有效性。该校准技术已服务于我国首颗地磁监测试验卫星（张衡一号卫星）,对其磁场探测载荷在整星测试、出厂测试、发射场技术确认等多个阶段进行了校准,取得了很好的应用效果。     

Quantum Science Satellite

Quantum Science Satellite is one of the first five space science missions, slated for launch in the framework of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Strategic Priority Research Program on space science. The project aims to establish a space platform with long-distance satellite and ground quantum channel, and carry out a series of tests about fundamental quantum principles and protocols in space-based large scale. The satellite will be launched at Jiuquan and on orbit for 2 years. The orbit will be circular and Sun-synchronous with an altitude of 600km. It crosses the descending node at 00:00LT. The satellite is under early prototype development currently.      

Achievements of Space Scientific Experiments Aboard SJ-8 Satellite

As scientific experiment payloads, microgravity experiments of fluid physics, life science,combustion science, physics and accelerator measurement were conducted on board the Chinese recoverable satellite SJ-8 during 18-day orbital flight. The experimental payloads and an experiment support system constituted the microgravity experiment system of the flight mission. This article has presented the briefs of the scientific achievements of these space experiments, the composition and performance of the Microgravity Experimental System (MES) and the general picture of the overall flight mission, respectively.      

SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite for Space Microgravity Experiments

SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science. This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012, and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016. This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission, the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10. The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity, and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.      

量子导航定位系统中的捕获和粗跟踪技术

量子导航定位系统需要借助于空间量子卫星信息通信系统来进行信号的捕获、跟踪和对准(acquisition,tracking and pointing,ATP).ATP系统是空间量子卫星信息通信的重要组成部分,涉及到量子通信链路的建立以及中断通信链路的恢复;粗跟踪和精跟踪的相互配合,可以确保通信双方处于通信状态,达到期望的信号跟踪性能.本文详细阐述用于量子导航定位系统的空间量子卫星通信的捕获阶段和粗跟踪的相关技术,重点分析捕获阶段中的初始指向技术、扫描技术、捕获阶段的精度及其性能,以及粗跟踪阶段的精度及其性能指标等关键技术.     

空间站微重力流体实验设备需求分析

对国际空间站和中国科学实验卫星及载人飞行器上开展的微重力流体实验情况进行论述和分析,重点分析了国际空间站（ISS）微重力流体科学实验设备情况.根据中国空间微重力流体物理科学发展需求,结合国际空间站微重力流体科学实验对设备的需求,提出了未来在中国空间站开展微重力流体实验时空间实验设备需要重点考虑和解决的问题,同时提出相关设计建议.      

Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

In 1957, the launch of the first artificial satellite ushered in a new era for modern space science.The past 50 years' developments in China's space science have witnessed many major missions, and substantial progress has been achieved in space science study, exploration technology as well as experiment technology. Strategic Priority Program on Space Science was officially started in 2011. Through both self-developed space science missions and those with international cooperation,it is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be realized, leapfrog development of related high-tech will be achieved to establish the important strategic status of space science in national development. To sum up, the implementation of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science will definitely promote the rapid development of China's space science endeavor, making contributions to China's development and the progress of human civilization.      

Science Research of Microgravity Satellite SJ-10

The program SJ-10, one of the scientific satellite programs in the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was launched on April 6, 2016. There are totally 19 scientific payloads, a multi-function furnace for 8 material researches and three-dimensional cell cultures for the neural stem cell and the hematopoietic stem cell respectively. The recoverable satellite consists mainly of two capsules:a recoverable capsule was recovered on 18 April 2016, with all payloads of life science, the multi-function furnace and the payload for measurement of Soret Coefficients of Crude Oil (SCCO); and an un-recoverable capsule continued to work in additional 3 days with all other physics payloads. The experiments were operated via teleoperations, and all experimental data were received by the ground station in real time. The data and recoverable samples are analyzed by the experiment teams of the program.      

The Space Sciences and Application Projects in Space Laboratory

Space sciences and application projects arranged in Tiangong-2 space laboratory and Tianzhou-1 cargo ship have been described in detail, covering research areas of the fundamental physics, space astronomy, microgravity fluid physics and materials science, space life science, and earth science. These experiments and researches will hopefully produce great scientific results and social benefits in several fields, including:universe evolution, quantum communication, material development, global climate change and earth environment, etc.      

中国航天器工程的成就与展望

中国航天器工程 40多年来经历了技术准备阶段、技术试验阶段和工程应用阶段 ,已形成了返回式遥感卫星系列 ,通信广播卫星系列 ,气象卫星系列和科学探测与技术试验卫星系列 ,而地球资源卫星系列和导航定位卫星系列也即将形成 ;至今中国已发射成功人造地球卫星 5 1颗 ,发射成功试验载人飞船 4艘 ,取得了举世瞩目的成就 ,为国民经济、国防建设、文化教育和科学研究作出了重大的贡献。进入 2 1世纪 ,根据中国航天近期和远期的发展目标 ,中国航天器工程将迎来新的辉煌     

基于量子纠缠的空间信息传输系统研究

量子通信是一种无条件安全的信息传输方式. 提出了一种基于量子纠缠的空间信息系统. 该系统以平流层平台和地球同步卫星为量子中继站, 分发纠缠光子对. 利用量子纠缠在发信者与收信者之间建立通信链路, 使用量子隐形传态进行量子信息传输. 讨论了该空间信息系统的特性, 并对其信息传输性能进行了数值分析. 结果表明该系统能够安全有效地传输空间信息.      

“嫦娥4号”月球背面软着陆任务设计

介绍了"嫦娥4号"月球背面软着陆任务设计方案。着陆区初步选定为月球背面南极–艾特肯(South PoleAitken,SPA)盆地内的冯·卡门(Von Kármán)撞击坑内。采用中继星实现着陆器和巡视器的对地通信,并选择环绕地月拉格朗日L2点的halo轨道作为其使命轨道。采用CZ-4C火箭和CZ-3B火箭,分别完成中继星和着陆器–巡视器组合体的发射。两器一星上共配置了6台国内研制科学载荷和3台国际合作科学载荷,开展以低频射电天文观测、巡视区形貌、矿物组份及浅层结构为主的科学探测。此外,还搭载了2颗月球轨道编队飞行微卫星、月面微型生态圈和大孔径激光角反射镜,分别开展超长波天文干涉测量试验、月面生态系统试验和超过地月距离的激光测距试验。通过创新设计顶层任务,充分继承成熟技术和产品,增加中继通信功能模块,开放资源引入高性能载荷和搭载项目,将实现一次低成本、短周期、大开放、高效益的月球探测任务。     

超静空间科学卫星分离式主动隔振技术

针对量子科学实验、时频传递实验等项目研发的先进载荷对微振动频谱积分的特殊指标需求,研究一种分离式主动隔振技术.分离式隔振技术将卫星划分为载荷模块和服务模块,考虑两模块之间柔性连接线缆和限位弹簧,首先建立两模块的动力学模型.随后,设计基于加速度反馈的六自由度隔振控制器,考虑执行机构控制和驱动电路的电气噪音,在时域和频域仿...     

The FGGE—Scientific objectives and preliminary assessment of operations

The scientific objectives of the FGGE and the observational requirements prescribed for the experiment are reviewed. The performance of the observational systems implemented for the operational year is summarised for each component and the extent to which the composite observing system met the requirements is assessed. It is concluded that although the formal requirements were not strictly reached over the whole globe, nevertheless exceptional enhancement was achieved in the areas normally observed very inadequately and it is judged that the final data sets will allow the scientific objectives of the FGGE to be attained. This conclusion depends crucially on the satellite contributions, especially those of TIROS-N.     

Progress on Space Solar Telescope in 2004 - 2006

The progress on Chinese Space Solar Telescope (SST) in 2004-2006 is introduced. The scientific objectives are further clarified and the ground operation system has been planned. The 7 key technical problems of SST satellite platform and payloads have been tackled, which lay solid scientific and technological foundations for engineering prototype phase of the SST project. At present the SST project undergoes evaluation by CNSA and CAS so as to enter the engineering prototype phase of the SST project if it is finally approved.