空间科学任务协同设计过程优化

为了对概念设计阶段空间科学任务协同设计过程进行合理规划, 减少设计反馈, 降低系统耦合度, 提出了设计结构矩阵(DSM)过程建模和遗传算法(GA) 过程优化算法. 该方法采用DSM对空间科学任务设计活动序列进行建模, 通过DSM描述设计活动间的信息依赖关系, DSM上三角之和代表该设计活动序列设计反馈次数; 将 DSM对应的设计活动序列视为染色体, 采用GA进行序列优化, 最小化设计反馈次数. 通过过程优化算法获取最佳设计活动序列, 优化设计过程, 降低系统耦合度. 空间科学任务实例分析结果表明, 该方法能够有效应用于空间科学任务协同设计的过程建模和过程优化, 指导设计过程的制定.      

主编的话

<正>第一届中国空间科学大会将于2019年10月25—28日在厦门举办。此次大会主题为"发展空间科学,建设航天强国",旨在搭建研讨空间科学前沿技术与发展态势、普及空间科学与技术知识的平台,助推我国航天强国目标早日实现。分会场主题包括:磁层-电离层耦合关键科学问题,任务总体设计、仿真与分析技术,平台、测控、运控、数据处理等公共技术,地外天     

空间科学实验地面支持系统平台

相对于其他空间任务, 空间科学实验具有用户分散、实验进程控制 (遥科学实验)要求实时或准实时、多种类型空间科学数据处理要求等特点. 针对空间科学实验的特点和对地面支持系统的要求, 结合实践八号卫星(SJ-8)、探测双星(TC-1, TC-2) 和神舟系列飞船(SZ) 的空间科学实验地面支持系统的任务完成情况, 以及未来空间科学实验任务的需求, 提出了地面支持系统平台的构架设想. 该系统平台支持空间科学实验的状态监视与控制, 支持遥科学实验, 能够支持空间科学实验数据标准产品的定制处理, 满足空间科学实验多任务的要求, 具有通用性和可扩展性.      

基于解耦优化和环流APF的多平台协同攻击任务规划

为提升协同攻击任务规划效率,借助人工势场（APF）方法求解速度快的优势,提出多平台协同攻击任务规划方法。针对任务规划问题中任务分配与航路规划的耦合问题,提出基于独立航路规划的解耦（ID）与基于直接距离的解耦（DD）2种解耦框架;建立考虑打击目标价值总和、攻击平台与目标距离极差、攻击平台与目标距离总和等因素的指标函数,采用遗传算法进行任务分配求解;提出环流APF方法,避免了传统APF方法因局部极小值而无解的问题,并提出同时到达控制策略与航路冲突规避策略,实现多平台同时到达航路规划。在不同场景下比较了耦合方式、ID、DD 3种任务规划框架的规划结果,并对比了传统APF方法与环流APF方法的航路规划结果。结果表明,解耦方式能够得到与耦合方式接近的结果,并且计算耗时明显低于耦合方式;环流APF方法相比传统APF方法求解可行性更高,航路性能更好。对于存在大块障碍的场景,推荐使用ID方式获得更好的准确度,在障碍稀疏的场景下,推荐使用DD方式以减少计算耗时。      

复杂工程系统综合设计优化环境

建立了系统整合、流程统一、参数优化、协同设计的综合设计优化环境.通过 分析复杂工程系统的特点,建立了具有高可扩展性的多层体系架构.阐述了组成该环境的4 个关键模块:项目组织与管理模块,保证项目进度和质量;以设计结构矩阵为表达形式、以 工作流参考模型为运行机制的过程建模与执行模块,提供跨部门的任务流转;基于组件技术 ,实现人员、数据和工具在网络上紧密集成的设计任务单元模块,为系统设计提供简洁一致 的任务模型;以产品数据管理(PDM,Product Data Management)为信息基础结构的产品数 据模型,提供单一数据源.最后给出了技术实现和运行机制.该环境的原型系统已成功地经 过了气动、结构、控制和总体设计等领域的设计与优化技术测试试验.      

多机协同与多目标分配任务规划方法

多架飞机攻击多个目标区域是现代作战方式的重要特征,多机协同与多目标分配问题是提高团队作战效能的关键.针对该问题,综合考虑飞机能力差异、协同方式和任务环境的变化,提出多机协同目标分配的任务规划方法.建立了基于能力裕度评价的多机协同目标分配问题的数学模型.对多目标分配问题,通过约束飞机的能力裕度对分配方案进行筛选,保证在战场环境发生改变时任务兵力的完整性.仿真结果表明,采用这种方法得到的目标分配方案,适应任务目标突发性变化的能力更强.     

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划方法研究

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划是一个复杂的多目标优化问题.通过对天文观测类卫星的任务规划要素及约束条件进行抽象,建立了面向天文观测的多目标任务规划问题模型,在此基础上设计了基于NSGA-II的多目标观测任务规划算法,并通过实例进行了实验及结果分析.研究表明,该方法能够有效解决天文观测类卫星不同规模的任务规划问题.      

协同交互情境下双视图耦合的多用户身份识别

针对目前协同交互情境下,因遮挡和接触等因素引发的多人协作身份识别错误问题,提出一种双视图耦合的多用户身份识别方法.借助深度相机,分别通过骨骼运动跟踪和卡尔曼滤波建立双视图运动跟踪.利用双视图的用户运动跟踪数据构建相互关联的耦合有限状态机,对耦合关系中的具体运动状态进行分析,建立规则算法;引入实时正误标记值进行多用户身份识别的实时监控与耦合矫正.所提方法与基于单视图的多用户身份识别方法进行对比实验,结果表明,在协同交互情境下所提方法对多用户身份识别更具有鲁棒性.      

基于多智能体联盟的多机协同空战任务分配

基于多智能体联盟形成理论,分析了网络化条件下多平台多目标攻击任务分配问题。将协同任务分配的过程视为复杂联盟的生成过程,首先将对目标总体的打击任务分解为一系列子任务,各子任务再进一步分解为单个平台能够完成的任务单元;再根据联盟特征函数的定义分别建立联盟报酬、能力成本、通信开销模型,以联盟特征函数作为空战任务分配目标函数;最后引入离散粒子群优化算法进行联盟生成,采用二进制矩阵编码形式,设计粒子可行性检查策略。仿真实验验证了本方法在协同制导条件下空战任务分配的合理性与有效性。     

中国返回式卫星与空间科学实验

中国返回式卫星发展至今已有30 多年, 共发射了23 颗返回式卫星. 在多次返回式卫星任务中成功进行了大量的空间科学和技术实验. 本文首先概要介绍了中国返回式卫星的发展情况、技术特点、在返回式卫星上进行的空间科学实验情况; 其次, 介绍了卫星平台对有效载荷可提供的环境条件、服务支持以及载荷设备研制与卫星技术流程之间的匹配关系和接口要求; 最后, 对卫星平台的技术发展趋势与应用前景进行了展望.      

多空间机器人协同工作空间的数值求解方法

针对未来在轨服务过程中，可能遇到单个空间机器人难以独立胜任的应用场景，需要多个空间机器人协同操作，但目前针对多空间机器人协同工作空间的研究很少。考虑到解析法计算工作空间难度很大，提出了一种基于蒙特卡洛法的一般协同工作空间数值求解方法。再进一步针对空间机器人协同的特殊性，提出了广义协同工作空间的概念，并给出了数值求解方法。仿真结果表明，基座姿态约束会引起协同工作空间的缩小，同时广义协同工作空间的范围明显大于一般协同工作空间。所得结论可以为空间机器人任务设计与规划提供参考。     

空间物理过程时空协同探测的覆盖分析方法研究

针对空间物理过程时空协同探测任务的定量化探测覆盖分析需求, 在采用时空相关函数方法描述和分析空间物理时空过程的基础上, 提出一种基于θ-t_R覆盖图的探测覆盖分析方法. 通过分析不同设计方案在一定累计时间周期内的θ-t_R覆盖图, 根据其覆盖范围的不同选择所需要的设计方案. 采用该方法对两条共轨道面椭圆轨道的时空协同探测过程进行了定量的覆盖分析, 验证了该方法的有效性.      

Science operations planning expertise: A neglected component of mission design

In this paper, Science Operations Planning Expertise (SOPE) is defined as the expertise that is held by people who have the two following qualities. First they have both theoretical and practical experience in operations planning, in general, and in space science operations planning in particular. Second, they can be used, on request and at least, to provide with advice the teams that design and implement science operations systems in order to optimise the performance and productivity of the mission. However, the relevance and use of such SOPE early on during the Mission Design Phase (MDP) is not sufficiently recognised. As a result, science operations planning is often neglected or poorly assessed during the mission definition phases. This can result in mission architectures that are not optimum in terms of cost and scientific returns, particularly for missions that require a significant amount of science operations planning. Consequently, science operations planning difficulties and cost underestimations are often realised only when it is too late to design and implement the most appropriate solutions. In addition, higher costs can potentially reduce both the number of new missions and the chances of existing ones to be extended. Moreover, the quality, and subsequently efficiency, of SOPE can vary greatly. This is why we also believe that the best possible type of SOPE requires a structure similar to the ones of existing bodies of expertise dedicated to the data processing such as the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) or the Planetary Data System (PDS). Indeed, this is the only way of efficiently identifying science operations planning issues and their solutions as well as of keeping track of them in order to apply them to new missions. Therefore, this paper advocates for the need to allocate resources in order to both optimise the use of SOPE early on during the MDP and to perform, at least, a feasibility study of such a more structured SOPE.     

Stacked recurrent neural network based high precision pointing coupled control of the spacecraft and telescopes

In some space missions especially in the field of space gravitational wave detection, the telescope needs to point to a certain target through attitude movement and pointing control. In several mainstream gravitational wave detection missions, the detector usually consists of a cluster of three identical satellites, flying in a quasi-equilateral triangular formation with a big edge length, so every satellite needs two telescopes to point each other and constitute three giant Michelson-Type interferometers. Therefore, a satellite platform system with two telescopes is researched in this paper. This research helps to characterize the attitude motion of a telescope for space astronomical observation or space gravitational wave detection, provides new method on the telescope’s high-precision pointing control. For this purpose, we derive a satellite-telescope coupling attitude model, design the sliding mode controller for satellite and the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller for telescope. In the stacked recurrent neural network adaptive controller design, a sliding mode control technology is adopted. In addition, we propose a combinatorial optimization method for network weights in the stacked recurrent neural network training process, that is, the output layer is corrected by the adaptive law, and the correction of other layers adopt the error backpropagation method. Finally, a numerical simulation method verifies the effectiveness of the controller design.     

The fundamental physics explorer: An ESA technology reference study

ESA technology reference studies are used as a process to identify key technologies and technical challenges of potential future missions not yet in the science programme. This paper reports on the study of the Fundamental Physics Explorer (FPE), a re-usable platform targeted to small missions testing fundamental laws of physics in space. The study addresses three specific areas of interest: special and general relativity tests based on atomic clocks, experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP), and studies of Bose–Einstein condensates under microgravity conditions. Starting from preliminary science objectives and payload requirements, three reference missions in the small/medium class range are discussed, based on a re-adaptation of the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. A 700/3600 km elliptic orbit has been selected to conduct clock tests of special and general relativity, a 700 km circular orbit to perform experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle and to study Bose–Einstein condensates, each mission being based on a three-axis stabilised spacecraft. It was determined that adaptation of LISA Pathfinder would be required in order to meet the demands of the FPE missions. Moreover it was established that specific payload and spacecraft technology development would be required to realise such a programme.     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

大型航天器热管理系统集成分析

文章以虚拟的空间实验室为例 ,用数值模拟的方法 ,模拟了大型航天器热管理系统非稳态过程的温度等参数。热管理系统温度等参数的集成分析 ,为大型热管理系统设计提供了分析平台 ,为进一步的敏感性分析、优化设计、试验参数修正、参数置信度分析、鲁棒性设计奠定了分析基础 ,并作为能量系统的主要组成部分 ,为能量系统的能量平衡分析和电能 /热匹配分析提供有力支持。     

Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

In 1957, the launch of the first artificial satellite ushered in a new era for modern space science.The past 50 years' developments in China's space science have witnessed many major missions, and substantial progress has been achieved in space science study, exploration technology as well as experiment technology. Strategic Priority Program on Space Science was officially started in 2011. Through both self-developed space science missions and those with international cooperation,it is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be realized, leapfrog development of related high-tech will be achieved to establish the important strategic status of space science in national development. To sum up, the implementation of the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science will definitely promote the rapid development of China's space science endeavor, making contributions to China's development and the progress of human civilization.