单次测量值的检验采用格拉布斯准则检验论证

根据国内实际情况,提出在微波功率计量质量保证方案中。对单次测量值的检验采用格拉布斯准则检验,并对它进行了论证。     

计量仪器的平均值检验

通过实例介绍了平均值检验的原理、方法及其在生产实践中的应用。     

形位误差在位测量的误差分离技术

采用误差分离原理，对大型工件的几何精度实施在位测量，可以将基准的误差从测量结果中分离出来，从而减少测量不确定度，提高测量精度。     

二维测量系统的误差分析及其修正

二维测量系统的测量误差主要由两个导轨的五个自由度误差和测头误差组成。给出了误差的数学模型,论述了误差的测量、修正及误差修正的误差。     

坐标测量机上平面度误差的快速评定

把测点到基准平面的轴向距离作为度量函数来建立平面度误差评定的线性模型，从而快速地评定出空间一般位置被测平面的平面度误差，为坐标测量机采用最小条件准则评定平面度误差提供了一个实用方法。     

直线度测量中采样间距的确定

对直线度测量中如何确定采样间距的问题进行了理论分析,指出了传统的Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ采样定理在直线度测量中的缺陷,并提出了具体的改进公式。同时提出,应按测量准确度要求来确定被测信号的最高频率,并以此来确定直线度采样间距。实验结果证明,这一结论符合实际,能满足测量要求。     

高精度细丝直径测量系统的不确定度

详尽分析了ＶＤＭ—Ｉ型高精度细丝直径测量系统中影响测量不确定度的各种因素，将其分为Ａ类和Ｂ类评定的不确定度分别讨论，最终将其合成，得到该系统的标准不确定度。     

测量数据统计分析结果的物理意义及应用

讨论了测量数据统计分析结果的物理意义,将实际测量目的和测量结果表达方法结合起来进行研究,给出了不同测量目的下的测量结果表达方法。     

三针法测量螺纹中径的讨论

通过螺纹最佳和非最佳二组三针Ｍ值的测算,实现了用非最佳三针对螺距、牙型半角都有误差的螺纹按参数实际值进行中径和单一中径的准确测量。用本文的方法,不需要按传统的三针测量法求解修正值和复杂的修正程序,简便易行,特别适合工厂计量室和加工过程中精密螺纹工件以及螺纹量规中径的测量。     

外螺纹中径测量不确定度的计算方法

以外螺纹中径测量为例，详细论述了标准不确定度和展伸不确定度的建模过程，并给出了计算实例，使外螺纹中径测量精度的评定符合国际规范。     

Spin motion determination of the Envisat satellite through laser ranging measurements from a single pass measured by a single station

The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is used to accurately determine the position of space objects equipped with so-called retro-reflectors or retro-reflector arrays (RRA). This type of measurement allows to measure the range to the spacecraft with high precision, which leads to determination of very accurate orbits for these targets. Non-active spacecraft, which are not attitude controlled any longer, tend to start to spin or tumble under influence of the external and internal torques and forces.If the return signal is measured for a non-spherical non-active rotating object, the signal in the range residuals with respect to the reference orbit is more complex. For rotating objects the return signal shows an oscillating pattern or patterns caused by the RRA moving around the satellite’s centre of mass. This behaviour is projected onto the radial component measured by the SLR.In our work, we demonstrate how the SLR ranging technique from one sensor to a satellite equipped with a RRA can be used to precisely determine its spin motion during one passage. Multiple SLR measurements of one target over time allow to accurately monitor spin motion changes which can be further used for attitude predictions. We show our solutions of the spin motion determined for the non-active ESA satellite Envisat obtained from measurements acquired during years 2013–2015 by the Zimmerwald SLR station, Switzerland. All the necessary parameters are defined for our own so-called point-like model which describes the motion of a point in space around the satellite centre of mass.     

GPS用于导弹轨道测量的研究

根据给定某型号导弹的技术参数，综合考虑了各种因素，对该导弹飞行过程中弹上接收GPS卫星的情况进行了模拟和分析，从而论证了该导弹利用GPS作为外测手段的可行性。     

Simulated cometary matter as a test for enantiomer separating chromatography for use on comet 46P/Wirtanen.

The Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment on board of European Space Agency's cornerstone mission ROSETTA is designed to identify organic molecules in cometary matter in situ by a combined pyrolysis gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric technique. Its capillary columns coated with chiral stationary phases received considerable attention, because they are designed for separations of non-complex enantiomers to allow the determination of enantiomeric ratios of cometary chiral organic compounds and consequently to provide information about the origin of molecular parity violation in biomolecules. To get gas chromatographic access to organic compounds on the comet, where macromolecules and complex organic polymers of low volatility are expected to make up the main organic ingredients, the combination of two injection techniques will be applied. The pyrolysis technique performed by heating cometary samples stepwise to defined temperatures in specific ovens resulting in thermochemolysis reactions of polymers and a chemical derivatization technique, in which the reagent dimethylformamide dimethylacetal assists pyrolysis derivatization reactions in producing methyl esters of polar monomers. The combination of the reagent assisted pyrolysis gas chromatographic technique with enantiomer separating chromatography was tested with laboratory-produced simulated cometary matter.     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.     

Demonstration of the use of the Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) measurements to validate GPS ionospheric imaging

There is a lack of independent ionospheric data that can be used to validate GPS imaging results at mid latitudes over severe storm times. Doppler Orbitography and Radio positioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), a global network of dual-frequency ground to satellite observations, provides this missing data and here is employed as verification to show the accuracy of the ionospheric GPS images in terms of the total electron content (TEC). In this paper, the large-scale ionospheric structures that appeared during the strong geomagnetic storm of 20 November 2003 are reconstructed with a GPS tomographic algorithm, known as MIDAS, and validated with DORIS TEC measurements. The main trough shown in an extreme equatorward position in the ionospheric imaging over mainland Europe is confirmed by DORIS satellite measurements. Throughout the disturbed day, the variations of relative slant TECs between DORIS data and MIDAS results agree quite well, with the average of the mean differences about 2 TECu. We conclude that as a valuable supplement to GPS data, DORIS ionospheric measurements can be used to analyse TEC variations with a relatively high resolution, ∼10 s in time and tens of kilometres in space. This will be very helpful for identification of some highly dynamic structures in the ionosphere found at mid-latitudes, such as the main trough, TID (Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances) and SED (Storm Enhanced Density), and could be used as a valuable auxiliary data source in ionospheric imaging.     

高值电阻器检定装置的研制

介绍高值电阻器检定装置的组成、用途及技术指标，从理论上分析带有防泄漏屏蔽线路的单电桥的原理，较全面地论述装置的误差来源和不确定度的计算，并对装置的结构设计和特点作了详细介绍。     

The influence of interplanetary shocks on solar protons measured in the stratosphere.

Since the beginning of the 22nd solar cycle twenty solar proton events were observed by the regular balloon measurements of cosmic rays. Temporal changes of intensities and energy spectra of solar protons with energy 100-500 MeV were obtained. The strong influence of interplanetary shock waves on the proton flux characteristics near the Earth was observed. Possible effects of solar proton transport in the vicinity of shock fronts are discussed to explain the observational data.     

A search for the signature of microquasars in the cosmic ray iron spectrum measured by TIGER

In a recent paper Heinz and Sunyaev suggest that relativistic jets observed in microquasars might result in narrow features in the energy spectra of heavy cosmic rays with ≈1 to ≈10 GeV/nuc. They further argue that such features might be observable if there has been one or more microquasars nearby within the last few million years. We report preliminary results of a search for evidence of such features using data from a 32-day balloon flight of the Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER). Although this flight took place near solar maximum, calculations of the broadening effects of solar modulation indicate that a narrow feature of sufficient intensity should still be observable. An energy spectrum for iron with high statistical significance has been derived from ≈100,000 Fe events in the energy range from about 2.5 to 10 GeV/nuc. Although our preliminary results do not reveal any obvious features, we will discuss the possibility of observing such features with TIGER and other instruments.     

Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

加速度计序贯式测试方法研究

介绍了加速度计在离心机上的序贯式测试方法。通过加速度计在离心机上一次安装即可实现加速度计 1g重力场标定、离心机静态半径测试和加速度计全量程试验。