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含纳米金属粉的推进剂点火实验及燃烧性能研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
利用CO2激光点火系统对含有纳米铝粉和纳米镍粉的AP/HTPB推进剂进行激光点火实验,测量了推进剂在不同激光功率和压强下的点火延迟时间,对推进剂的燃速、常压点火温度和爆热也进行了测量。同时,利用氧化还原滴定法测定燃烧残渣中活性铝含量。结果表明,纳米铝粉(n—Al)的点火阀值比普通铝粉(g-A1)的点火阀值小几个数量级,加入纳米铝粉可有效地缩短推进剂点火延迟时间。而在纳米镍粉为催化剂的协同作用下,推进剂燃速明显提高,点火延迟时间也大大减少,Al在推进剂燃烧过程中的燃烧效率得以提高,同时燃烧残渣中活性铝含量也明显降低。 相似文献
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金属铝具有高的能量密度,为了研究铝的反应活化机制,利用热天平分别研究锂质量含量为0%、1%、2%、5%、10%、20%的铝样品在水蒸气气氛下的反应特性,采用单曲线积分法计算了铝、铝锂合金(锂质量分数分别为10%和20%)与水反应的动力学参数,并对铝锂合金与水蒸气的产物做XRD测试。结果表明,锂含量增大,样品最终增重也会提高;着火温度随锂含量增加而降低,当锂含量超过5%后,着火温度变化不大,约为380℃。通过以上实验计算得出,锂的添加降低了整体反应的表观活化能,促进了铝样品与水的反应。 相似文献
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《固体火箭技术》2017,(1)
利用氩气与氢气电弧放电产生氩-氢混合等离子体还原三氯化硼,获得还原产物纳米硼粉。在等离子体放电功率19.2 k W,氩气、氢气进气流率分别1.5 m3/h,BCl3进料量1 500 g/h实验条件下,硼粉收率达到最大值58%。利用DSCTG(热重分析仪)、XRD(X射线衍射仪)、XPS(X射线光电子能谱仪)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)分析了样品起始氧化温度、组成、物相及形貌。结果表明,所得硼粉粒径在50~100 nm之间,其中84%为无定型硼;另外,存在六方晶胞和四方晶胞的2种晶体硼,该硼粉的起始氧化温度约在200℃。排除纳米硼粉表面的吸附氧,单质硼的纯度大于98%。通过对硼粉的洗涤和烘烤证明,用简单的去离子水洗涤可进一步提高硼粉纯度,在80℃以下,纳米硼粉在空气中几乎不被氧化。 相似文献
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利用SEM、XRD和DSC研究了制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响。结果表明,超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂放置60 d后,活性铝的平均粒径减小4 nm,使得铝热反应放热量降低13%,之后趋于稳定;机械球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂放置7 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小3 nm,120 d之后,缓慢减小至57.8 nm,活性铝的减少使得铝热反应放热量损失高达16%,;溶胶-凝胶法所制备的纳米铝热剂储存120 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小仅1 nm,明显地减缓了纳米铝粉的氧化,放热量损失仅为6%,并保持稳定。 相似文献
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为了给氧气/煤油发动机设计和热防护设计提供必要的设计参数,针对氧气/煤油燃气进行热力学计算。运用吉布斯最小自由焓计算模型得到燃气平衡组成,通过拟合公式的方法得到燃气的热物理参数及输运系数。通过计算,得到氧气/煤油燃气的组分及比焓、密度、比熵、粘性系数等热物理参数和输运系数随温度和压力的变化特性。分析结果表明:水离解对氧气/煤油燃气组分变化存在显著影响,压力增大会导致水离解起始温度升高;氧气/煤油燃气比焓、比熵、定压比热、粘性系数、热传导系数变化在温度较低时受压力影响较小,当水开始离解后,压力的影响显著增强;组分在燃气中的扩散系数同时受到了温度和组分摩尔分数的影响;燃气普朗特数变化受热传导系数变化的影响较大,水离解后,热传导系数的迅速增大使燃气的普朗特数迅速减小。 相似文献
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推进剂用铝粉与水反应特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用高压反应釜实时监测系统原位研究了铝/水反应的放热过程,提取了反应过程中3个特征温度(反应放热起始温度,反应速率最大温度,反应基本结束温度)和反应特征参数(反应放热起始温度点,反应速度,反应放热量),从而建立关于铝/水体系应用于固体推进剂的评价体系。同时,还探究了铝粉粒径、铝/水原料摩尔配比及加热功率对铝/水反应特性的影响规律。结果表明,在30~250℃温度区间内,纳米铝/水体系较微米铝/水体系性能更好,当铝粉粒径大于13μm时,没有明显放热;高功率加热条件有助于激发纳米铝迅速处于高活性状态,降低了反应放热起始温度,并高效释能;纳米铝/水的最佳原料摩尔配比区间为[1∶2,1∶2.2]。 相似文献
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镁铝富燃料推进剂燃烧残渣影响因素理论分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用最小自由能法计算了镁铝富燃料推进剂一次燃烧室产物的成分,分析了凝聚相C、Mg和A l产物含量的变化对燃烧残渣的影响;主要探讨了AP含量、Mg/A l比例、HTPB粘合剂含量、燃烧室压强对凝聚相C、Mg、A l燃烧产物含量的影响。计算结果表明,增加AP含量、设计Mg/A l比小于3/5、减小HTPB粘合剂含量、降低燃烧室压强均能减少凝聚相产物含量,有利于降低燃烧残渣。燃气发生器实验结果表明,Mg/A l比例对燃烧残渣影响的实验数据与理论分析一致。 相似文献
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Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al2O3) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al2O3 and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al2O3. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes. 相似文献
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A detailed study was made of the biological cleaning effectiveness, defined in terms of the ability to remove bacterial spores, of a number of methods used to clean hardware surfaces. Aluminum (Al 6061) and titanium (Ti 6Al-4V) were chosen for the study as they were deemed the two materials most likely to be used in spacecraft extraterrestrial sampler construction. Metal coupons (1 cm x 2.5 cm) were precleaned and inoculated with 5.8 x 10(3) cultivable Bacillus subtilis spores, which are commonly found on spacecraft surfaces and in the assembly environments. The inoculated coupons were subsequently cleaned using: (1) 70% isopropyl alcohol wipe; (2) water wipe; (3) multiple-solvent flight-hardware cleaning procedures used at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); (4) Johnson Space Center-developed ultrapure water rinse; and (5) a commercial, semi-aqueous, multiple-solvent (SAMS) cleaning process. The biological cleaning effectiveness was measured by agar plate assay, sterility test (growing in liquid media), and epifluorescent microscopy. None of the cleaning protocols tested completely removed viable spores from the surface of the aluminum. In contrast, titanium was capable of being cleaned to sterility by two methods, the JPL standard and the commercial SAMS cleaning process. Further investigation showed that the passivation step employed in the JPL standard method is an effective surface sterilant on both metals but not compatible with aluminum. It is recommended that titanium (Ti 6Al-4V) be considered superior to aluminum (Al 6061) for use in spacecraft sampling hardware, both for its potential to be cleaned to sterilization and for its ability to withstand the most effective cleaning protocols. 相似文献
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镁铝贫氧推进剂的能量分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用冲压发动机热力计算程序,对镁铝中能贫氧推进剂的能量特性进行了系统研究,并探讨了高能级分对该类贫氧推进剂能量性能的影响,研究结果表明,在镁铝中能贫氧推进剂中增加镁粉含量(或减少铝粉含量)贫氧推进剂的比冲下降,在一定空燃比范围内,增加空燃比有助于提高冲压发动机的比冲。提高贫氧推进剂中CL-20和硼粉含量,可以显著提高共能量,而采用叠氮类含能粘合剂取代惰性粘合剂时贫氧推进剂的比冲降低。 相似文献
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为了解辐照对航天电子元器件封装基板复合材料SiCp/Al的影响,利用3 MeV Fe11+束流进行了不同注量下的辐照实验。辐照完成后,利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和纳米压痕仪对材料进行表征分析。XRD分析表明,Fe11+离子入射后材料辐照层应力发生了变化。结合对应的理论模型,对铝基体的位错密度进行计算,发现辐照后铝基体的位错密度增加,SiC颗粒产生非晶化。纳米压痕测试表明,随着离子注量增加,材料辐照硬化程度增加。综上,辐照硬化可能是由于铝合金基体的应力变化导致产生局部高密度位错区,而这些区域阻碍了后续位错的运动,进而导致位错聚集,最终使得材料硬度增加。 相似文献
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铝粉的辐射热反馈及对固体推进剂压强指数的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究了含铝,含细AP固体推进剂中铝粉对推进剂表面的辐射热反馈,得出这种反馈是使该推进剂燃速压强指数上升的主要原因之一,在配方中添加超细铝粉可能氏压强指数的上升。 相似文献
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在原子氧侵蚀地面模拟设备中对Kapton和利用反应溅射制备的Al2O3涂层进行了原子氧暴露实验,并采用XPS和SEM等分析手段对暴露前后试样表面的物理和化学变化进行了研究。结果表明,Kapton试样遭受了严重的侵蚀,质量损失较大;Al2O3涂层质量变化很小,对基体提供了良好的保护作用。XPS分析结果表明,Kapton的羰基与原子氧作用时形成CO2,随后CO2气体脱附。反应溅射的Al2O3涂层是富Al的,初始暴露时由于氧化反应而质量有少许增加,随时间延长,涂层变得完全符合化学计量。 相似文献