Two Methods of Ambiguity Resolution in Pulse Doppler Weather Radars

A comparison is made of the performance of a weather Doppler radar with a staggered pulse repetition time and a radar with a random (but known) phase. As a standard for this comparison, the specifications of the forthcoming next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) are used. A statistical analysis of the spectral moment estimates for the staggered scheme is developed, and a theoretical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio due to recohering-filtering-recohering for the random phase radar is obtained. Algorithms for assignment of correct ranges to pertinent spectral moments for both techniques are presented.     

Pseudorandom Frequency Modulation in Range-Doppler Radar

In many radar systems, efficient use of transmitter power requires the transmission of a constant-amplitude signal for a substantial fraction of time; for a monotonic transmission, however, the range resolution is restricted by the length of the transmitted pulse. Linear frequency modulation removes this constraint for targets with negligible, or known, radial velocities; it is not suitable, however, for simultaneous observations of range and radial velocity (Doppler shift). This paper describes a class of waveforms suitable for simultaneous measurement of range and Doppler shift. These waveforms are characterized by a uniform distribution in frequency and by pseudorandom frequency changes. Uniform frequency distribution is attained by a uniform spacing of frequencies with each frequency present for an identical length of time. Frequency changes are effected by sequencing the frequencies with a pseudorandom number generator. Ambiguity functions are computed for pseudorandom frequencymodulated waveforms designed for ionospheric backscatter studies. By suitable choice of parameters, the ambiguity function becomes a narrow central peak surrounded by a plateau whose height varies randomly between zero and approximately twice its average. Waveform generation by means of a digital frequency synthesizer and data reconstruction considerations are described.     

直升机外挂吊运技术研究

直升机外部吊挂运送物资在国防和国民经济建设中有极为广泛的用途。本文以直8A型机和米171直升机为例，对直升机外挂吊运的飞行性能计算、全机稳定性、吊具系统的设计、飞行员和指挥员、信号员和索具员如何协调等问题进行了研究分析，为今后执行外挂吊运任务的设计和实施，提供了有价值的建议。     

Intelligent control of a planning system for astronaut training

This work intends to design, analyze and solve, from the systems control perspective, a complex, dynamic, and multiconstrained planning system for generating training plans for crew members of the NASA-led International Space Station. Various intelligent planning systems have been developed within the framework of artificial intelligence. These planning systems generally lack a rigorous mathematical formalism to allow a reliable and flexible methodology for their design, modeling, and performance analysis in a dynamical, time-critical, and multiconstrained environment. Formulating the planning problem in the domain of discrete-event systems under a unified framework such that it can be modeled, designed, and analyzed as a control system will provide a self-contained theory for such planning systems. This will also provide a means to certify various planning systems for operations in the dynamical and complex environments in space. The work presented here completes the design, development, and analysis of an intricate, large-scale, and representative mathematical formulation for intelligent control of a real planning system for Space Station crew training. This planning system has been tested and used at NASA-Johnson Space Center     

飞机噪声环境对结构影响的研究

本文介绍测量飞机噪声环境,获得的结构噪声载荷分布与频谱的结果,并分析了影响其量值的因素与结构声振响应特性;归纳了结构噪声载荷谱及其编制方法;简述了进行结构声疲劳试验的方法与参数选择原则和实例;列举了分析与排除声疲劳故障的方法和效益     

Subsonic impulsively starting flow at a high angle of attack with shock wave and vortex interaction

Impulsively starting flow, by a sudden attainment of a large angle of attack, has been well studied for incompressible and supersonic flows, but less studied for subsonic flow. Recently, a preliminary numerical study for subsonic starting flow at a high angle of attack displays an advance of stall around a Mach number of 0.5, when compared to other Mach numbers. To see what happens in this special case, we conduct here in this paper a further study for this case, to display and analyze the full flow structures. We find that for a Mach number around 0.5, a local supersonic flow region repeatedly splits and merges, and a pair of left-going and right-going unsteady shock waves are embedded inside the leading edge vortex once it is sufficiently grown up and detached from the leading edge. The flow evolution during the formation of shock waves is displayed in detail. The reason for the formation of these shock waves is explained here using the Laval nozzle flow theory. The existence of this shock pair inside the vortex, for a Mach number only close to 0.5, may help the growing of the trailing edge vortex responsible for the advance of stall observed previously.     

Space Applications of a Minimization Algorithm

A detailed account is given of the application of a minimizationprogram to several design problems. Specifically these applications areconcerned with the design of a curve function generator for a massspectrometer for a proposed Mars probe and the design of autonomousshift registers with linear and nonlinear feedback, used for classificationion of binary sequences and counting tasks for spacecraft scientificdata processing.     

A safety kernel for traffic light control

The success of kernels for enforcing security in software systems has led to proposals to use kernels for enforcing safety. This paper presents a feasibility demonstration of one particular proposal for a safety kernel via the application of traffic light control. The paper begins with the safety properties for traffic light control and specifies a kernel that maintains the safety properties. An implementation sketch of the kernel in Ada is given and use of the kernel is discussed. The contribution of the paper is a demonstration that a kernel is a feasible and desirable technique for software in a realistic, safety-critical application. The paper also illustrates how formal methods aid the software engineer in constructing and reasoning about such software     

Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application toCOSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results     

Algorithms of constructing a neural network model for a dynamic object of control and adjustment of PID controller parameters

The paper presents an algorithm for constructing a neural network model for a dynamic object of control based on the data sample obtained as a result of the object operation. The algorithm being considered applies a neural network approach and a genetic algorithm. An algorithm is presented for determining a domain of possible values for a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) based on application created neural network model of the controlled object.     

一个面向可变形模型实时有效的接触反馈框架

由于力反馈需要很高的计算速度及变形反馈需要详细的图形信息 ,本文提供一个实时有效的接触反馈框架 ,通过在粗糙三角形网格上进行局部细分来实现。当检测到接触后 ,将发生碰撞的表面细分以产生一个粒子系统。利用此粒子系统 ,用近似速度锥理论对形变进行模拟。同时 ,采用弹簧 -阻尼模型计算形变力。最后 ,对此框架进行了测试并实际应用于一个医疗规化仿真系统。     

Modeling the Superconducting Alternator with Thyristor Bridge

Steady state equations are derived for the superconducting alternator with a thyristor bridge (dc) output. This is accomplished by modification of a previous analysis for a machine with a diode bridge. The approach used avoids the need to numerically solve the differential equations for the system, and it is quite efficient in terms of computation time. Numerical simulations for both the diode and thyristor bridge circuits are included for comparison.     

超机动飞机的非线性动态逆控制

讨论了应用非线性动态逆进行超机动飞机飞行控制系统的设计。对快变量角速率进行非线性逆控制器的设计,由此来稳定纵向短周期运动,并通过气动舵面与推力矢量的融合,来改善大迎角范围的侧向响应,对慢变量姿态角进行非线性逆控制器的设计可使飞行员控制飞机慢运动。     

卡箍刚度的有限元计算与实验测定

准确确定卡箍刚度对管路系统的振动特性分析具有重要意义。本文针对航空发动机管路系统中不同卡箍的结构特点,建立了计算卡箍刚度的有限元模型。对单管接地卡箍及双管悬地卡箍的刚度系数进行了有限元计算,还对一典型双管悬地卡箍刚度进行了实验测定。通过卡箍刚度计算结果与实验结果的对比表明,本文建立的卡箍刚度计算方法可用于管路系统振动特性分析工程实际之中。      

某系列飞机蓄电池组新型自动加温装置的技术研究

航空蓄电池组是我军航空兵部队某系列飞机的地面起动、机载备份应急化学电源。本文分析了我军现役某系列飞机的航空蓄电池组使用状况和温度性能后,揭示了研制稳定高效的蓄电池组自动加温装置的必要性并给出了初步的设计方案。     

Detectability of Spread-Spectrum Signals

Methods of detecting spread-sprectrum signals without knowledge of the pseudorandom code used to generate the signal are described. Exact and approximate methods of calculating relationships among detection probability, false alarm rate, and signal-to-noise ratio are given for radiometers and for channelized pulse-detection systems. The detection performance of the radiometer is compared graphically with that of pulse-detection systems, for two different kinds of pulse detection decision rules. Detection performance as a function of certain signal parameters is shown to be very different for a pulse-detection system than for a radiometer, and this difference in behavior provides a basis for selecting signal parameters that minimize the probability of detection. The reasoning that underlies the selection process is explained, and the process is outlined for each of several signal parameters.     

Waveform Design for Multistatic Radar Detection

We derive the optimal Neyman-Pearson (NP) detector and its performance, and then present a methodology for the design of the transmit signal for a multistatic radar receiver. The detector assumes a Swerling I extended target model as well as signal-dependent noise, i.e., clutter. It is shown that the NP detection performance does not immediately lead to an obvious signal design criterion so that as an alternative, a divergence criterion is proposed for signal design. A simple method for maximizing the divergence, termed the maximum marginal allocation algorithm, is presented and is guaranteed to find the global maximum. The overall approach is a generalization of previous work that determined the optimal detector and transmit signal for a monostatic radar.     

Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions;but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des-cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading (which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor). Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.     

Sonar Array Detection of Gaussian Signals in Gaussian Noise of Unknown Power

A statistical test is postulated for detecting, with an M-element hydrophone array, a Gaussian signal in spatially independent Gaussian noise of unknown power. The test is an extension of the uniformly-most-powerful (UMP) unbiased test for a two-element array. The output signal-to-noise ratio of the test is calculated and, for a large number of independent space-time samples, is shown to be no better than a mean-level detector (MLD). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for the MLD are computed and compared to the ROC curves for the optimum (Bayes) parametric detector. The input signal-to-noise power ratios required to provide a detection probability of 0.5 differ by less than 0.2 dB for a fifty-element array with wide variation in false-alarm probability and time-bandwidth product. This result suggests that both the extended bivariate UMP unbiased test and the MLD perform close to the unknown UMP unbiased test for independence of a multivariate Gaussian distribution.     

空间机器人深度学习识别捕获部位的应用探讨

针对空间机器人对捕获部位识别方法的普适性、实时性和准确性等要求,提出了采用深度学习方法对空间机器人捕获目标的特征部位进行识别。通过比较分析方法、数据驱动方法等传统识别方法和深度学习方法的优缺点,发现深度学习方法对于解决空间机器人捕获部位识别问题具有显著优势。进一步分析了应用深度学习方法解决捕获部位识别问题的几个关键技术问题,为后续空间机器人在轨捕获目标的研究与实践提供了新的思路。