Space security through the transatlantic partnership

On 12–14 June 2011, a conference was convened in Prague entitled ”Space Security through the Transatlantic Partnership“, co-sponsored by the European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) and the Prague Security Studies Institute (PSSI). It was the first non-governmental transatlantic conference of its kind dedicated to this topic, attended by over 100 senior space policy officials and high-level representatives of multilateral institutions, NGOs, academia, and industry from Europe, the USA, and Japan. The overarching goal of the conference was to solicit and assess both converging and diverging views on the multifaceted subject of space security and to seek to establish an on-going “Track II” non-governmental process designed to assist with the crafting of a future architecture for the management of this key dimension of space policy on a trilateral, and eventually global, basis. This report summarizes the proceedings.     

European space research in support of international partnership

The envisaged future space research programmes, whether in the field of space exploration or Earth observation are becoming more and more technically complicated and so costly that a single nation can hardly afford to realize them. Major non-European space-faring nations, China and India will progressively play an important role besides US, Russia and Japan. The Space Advisory Group of the European Commission recommended that the European Commission supports within Horizon 2020 a comprehensive Robotic Mars-Exploration Programme under European leadership that should become an essential element of a coordinated international space research programme. The International Space Station (ISS) experience shows that cooperative space programmes build links between industries and laboratories from around the world, which then further develop in non-space related activities, with positive impact on the economy and scientific research. Strategies need to be developed to mitigate the gradual increasing risks incurred by climate change. In order to lower their entry barrier to engage in space emerging and developing space nations need to be included in cooperative space programmes. We present the recommendations of the Space Advisory Group of the European Commission concerning Europe's participation to global space endeavours.     

航天推进新技术开拓太空探索新时代

6月22日凌晨,世界上第一个采用光压推进的“宇宙”1航天器发射升空。虽然这次发射由于种种原因未取得成功,但它向人们展示了新型推进技术的光明前景。无独有偶。5月24日,美国航宇局宣布,1977年发射的旅行者1号携带着录有55种语言和90分钟音乐集锦的磁碟及刻着各种几何图案的“地球名片”,已飞出了太阳系的激波边界,成为第一个进入太阳系外空间的人造航天器。在这次具有历史意义的航行中,旅行者1号在近28年内飞距太阳140亿公里,采用新型推进技术进行多次轨道机动和姿态保持是保证整个飞行任务的关键。     

抓住机遇 统一思想 深化改革 开拓创新 为开创航天民用产业发展的新局面而奋斗--张庆伟总经理在航天科技集团公司第三次工作会上的报告(摘要)

回首20多年来的风雨历程，航天的民品工作一直在发展，但步履蹒跚：取得了很大成绩，也留下不少的遗憾。航天民品发展到了今天．应该何去何从呢?     

日本JAXA2025规划及其航天发展的新动向

日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）于2005年3月31日推出了《JAXA长期愿景——JAX．A2025》。这是一个具有前瞻性的民用航空航天规划。该规划将送至政府的航天活动委员会（SAC）审批。一旦获得政府批准，今后每年要在航空航天开发方面花费25-28亿美元。     

Global Space Community Gathered at GLEX 2017 for Space Exploration

<正>The Global Space Exploration Conference(GLEX 2017)was held June 5–9,2017 in Beijing.Over 1300 delegates from 51 countries and regions attended the opening ceremony,setting a new record for attendees at the International Astronautical Federation(IAF)Global Series conference.GLEX 2017provided opportunities for global deep space exploration cooperation.The conference was co-hosted by the Chinese Society of     

Space technology as a factor of international stabilization and destabilization

Control of space-related assets represents a factor of civilian as well as military power. If countries seek unilateral access to space technology for the purpose of aggression against others, international peace and stability are at risk. The author discusses the role of the non-proliferation regime for space technology within an integrated strategy for the promotion of international security and development. He suggests that under certain conditions, allowing the further spread of the use of space-based capabilities can contribute to the stabilization of regional conflict situations. However, certain safeguards, controls and restraints should be required from potential new space powers.     

Space for celestial symphonies? Towards the establishment of international radio quiet zones

The growth of low- and medium-Earth orbit mobile satellite communications poses a threat to radio astronomers which could be mitigated by the establishment of international radio quiet zones (IRQZs), where communications traffic is managed (not eliminated) to allow radio astronomy to continue. Using the prototype of national such zones in the USA, this article explains how the system would work and discusses the international legal parameters that would bound it, drawing on current aerospace, outer space and high seas legislation. Precedents for an IRQZ—Exclusive Economic Zones, denuclearised zones and the Antarctic regime—are also examined.     

The Development Strategy for China''''s Deep Space Exploration Technology

Today, the deep space exploration in China is drawing the world's attention. In 2000, the Chinese Government issued the White Paper on China's Space Activities, which officially listed "the development of space science and technology and the deep space exploration" as the     

应用于深空探测的VLBI技术

分析了河外射电源与空间飞行器甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）跟踪与资料解析的差异,包括信号波前形式、频谱特征、误差修正方式、解算参数类型和软件实时性需求等。讨论了应用于深空探测的包括宽带、窄带、同波束、多频点、多基线相位参考、连线干涉和局部参考架等多种差分VLBI技术,可作为VLBI技术在我国深空探测应用中技术设计参考。     

我国空间探测发展的原则

论述了我国空间探测发展的基本原则。     

深空探测激光通信技术发展研究

对美国深空探测活动中应用的激光通信技术进行了总结,说明当前深空光端机正向着更加集成化、轻型化和多功能化的方向发展;重点对深空激光通信中的捕获跟踪瞄准、接收和调制等关键技术进行了分析;针对中国激光通信的发展和应用提出了建议,如突破激光器和高速率调制器等关键技术,深入研究新型编码算法等。     

一种新型深空探测样品封装技术

对样品进行真空封装是深空探测取样及返回任务中的一项核心技术,它能够成功维持样品成分原态。文章提出了一种能够符合我国深空探测任务的样品封装技术,其封装机构由复合式开合机构及火工锁紧机构组成,是一种极低漏率、高可靠的多层金属真空密封容器。通过对这种复合式开合机构和火工锁紧机构的特性方程的推导,对多层金属真空密封的材料匹配等机理的分析,确认这种新型的样品封装技术的原理是正确和可行的。最后对原理样机的性能进行了验证,结果表明:封装机构的体积小、功耗低、可靠性高,样机的密封性能良好,设计具有创新性及工程实用性。     

LM-3C:Breakthrough in Launch Technology for Deep Space Exploration

<正>One of the main objectives of the Chang'e 2 mission was to demonstrate the direct Earth- moon transfer orbit launch technol- ogy.On October 1,2010,a LM-3C launch vehicle sent the Chang'e 2 into its preset orbit accurately,dem-onstrating that China has made a breakthrough in launch technology for deep space exploration.     

深空探测自动采样机构的特点及应用

利用自动采样机构获取星体表面土壤或岩石样品,并将收集到的样品返回实验室进行分析研究是我国未来深空探测需要解决的关键技术.文章分析了深空探测自动采样机构应用及研发的现状,将采样机构分为挖取式自动采样机构、钳取式自动采样机构、研磨式自动采样机构、钻取式自动采样机构及其它新型采样机构几种类型,分别论述了这些深空探测自动采样机...     

气球将用于空间探索

形状颇像南瓜的一个大气球穿越土卫六大气橘红色的、朦胧的雾霾，向这颗土星卫星的表面降去。吊挂在气球下方很远处的有效载荷上，一台台探测器正不停地对着土卫六的表面拍照。一个探头从有效载荷上伸了出去，接着从土卫六的烃类化合物海洋中舀取了“沧海一粟”。完成预定任务后，不载人的这个大气球又穿过冰冷、稠密、以氮分子为主的大气层向上飘去，并在太空边缘处把采到的样品交给在轨道上运行的一艘飞船…… 上面这段文字描写的是美国航宇局超长期气球（ＵＬＤＢ）项目将来实施时的一幅景象。这一项目的实施将表明，无人浮空器（也称轻…     

中国"双星"闪烁太空

2003年12月28日，我国“地球空间双星探测计划”(简称“双星”计划)的第一颗卫星——探测1号卫星(又叫“赤道卫星”)发射升空。双星计划的第二颗卫星——探测2号(又叫“极轨卫星”)也将于2004年发射，并将成为我国首次飞越两极高空的空间探测卫星。这两颗     

简析奥巴马关于21世纪太空探索战略的演讲

<正>1演讲概要2010年4月15日,奥巴马总统在肯尼迪航天中心就21世纪太空探索战略发表演讲。其主要内容是:誗为实现21世纪太空探索目标,奥巴马政府将制定新的太     

深空探测智能遥感技术展望

在深空探测背景下,采用传统遥感方式进行探测带有一定的局限性,文章以美国为例介绍了智能遥感技术的发展情况。分析了深空探测任务对于传统遥感器的新需求,提出在深空探测信息智能化获取模式、深空探测遥感器参数智能化调整和在轨数据智能化处理3个方面开展深空目标智能遥感研究,以解决传统遥感器在深空探测中面临的局限。重点阐述了实现深空探测智能遥感的关键技术。最后提出中国深空探测智能遥感技术的发展建议。