酸性磺酞类染料共振Rayleigh散射光谱法测定奈替米星

用共振Rayleigh散射（RRS）光谱研究了酸性磺酞类染料溴甲酚绿和溴酚蓝分别与奈替米星的相互作用.溴甲酚绿和溴酚蓝在酸性介质中分别与奈替米星相互作用,导致RRS光谱显著增强,最大的RRS峰分别位于606nm和572nm处,散射强度与奈替米星的质量浓度在一定的范围内成正比.此方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于奈替米星的检测限（3σ）分别为30ng/mL和10ng/mL,据此发展了一种测定奈替米星的新方法.     

阵列射流冲击复合不同肋化表面的沸腾特性

阵列射流冲击冷却技术可以有效地解决高热流密度器件的散热问题,为了验证受冲击表面强化传热结构对优化两相射流冷却性能的有效性,结合高速显微摄像手段,研究了不同肋化表面结构形态对受限式阵列射流冷却的流动、传热特性的影响。设计了2种含不同肋化表面形态:光滑切割针肋（0.6 mm×0.6 mm×1.0 mm）、外覆多孔烧结层的粗糙针肋（粒径为73~53 μm）。实验使用无水乙醇为工质,以光滑表面的射流冷却热沉为对照组,入口温度均为20℃,在固定工质流量7.5 mL/s下,随着加热热流密度由5 W/cm2增加至100 W/cm2时,热沉的换热系数均持续上升但增幅逐渐减小,未明显观察到沸腾相变的发生。对固定热流密度82.6 W/cm2、80.5 W/cm2改变工质流量（射流雷诺数）的实验工况,当工质流量由7.5 mL/s逐渐降低至1.0 mL/s时,可以非常明显地观测到射流腔内部工质由分层湍流逐步进入泡状流、弹状流及环状流,其分别对应起始沸腾区、核态沸腾区及膜态沸腾区。      

HASDM修正方法分析与评估

分析Jacchia70（J70）热层模式原理、美国空军高精度卫星拖曳模型（HASDM）的修正方法及选取球面调和函数的原因.推导模式密度对球谐系数（SH）的偏导数,给出利用模式密度泰勒展开进行线性化处理、迭代求解球谐系数的具体过程.针对2003年10月29日大磁暴事件,基于CHAMP和GRACE A/B卫星加速度计实测密度,进行修正方法的性能评估.统计相对误差的均值及标准差变化:改进前分别为-81.7%,74.4%;改进后分别为-5.9%,53.1%,验证了改进算法的有效性.从热层上下边界温度角度,详细分析了热层模式动态修正原理,研究结果为类HASDM修正模式的工程应用提供了理论基础.      

H-450 X射线参考辐射质的研建及验证

根据PTB和ISO 4037-1:2019要求,关于高空气比释动能系列（H系列）X射线参考辐射质的推荐数据,外推得出H-450的附加过滤为6.24 mm Cu,第一半值层（HVL_1st）为(5.39~5.52)mm Cu,平均光子能量为(214.25~214.78)keV,剂量率为11.51 Gy/h（距离焦斑为1 m处,管电流为10 mA）。随后,使用PTW32005电离室作为测量器具,采用半值层法建立H-450 X射线参考辐射质,得出HVL_1st为5.37 mm Cu,第二半值层（HVL_2nd）为5.97 mm Cu,同质系数为0.9。最后,使用PTW30013次级标准电离室测量得出H-450 X射线参考辐射质下距离焦斑1 m,管电流为10 mA时的剂量率值为11.98 Gy/h,与理论值的相对误差为4.07 %。采用MCNP 5软件对H-450 X射线参考辐射质进行能谱模拟并计算得出其平均光子能量为200.4 keV。     

太阳风动压脉冲结构的方向与种类统计研究

基于WIND飞船1995-2014年观测到的13042例非激波太阳风动压脉冲结构（Dynamic Pressure Pulse,DPP）事件列表,统计分析DPP事件法向分布特征,讨论其种类分布.研究发现:DPP事件上下游磁场矢量之间的夹角分布统计上呈双幂律谱分布;60.46%的非激波DPP事件法向矢量的倾斜角-方向角（θ_n-φ_n）主要集中分布在-50° ≤θ_n≤ 50°,160° ≤φ_n≤ 250°的区域内;θ_n-φ_n分布图的中心位置大概为（-22.83°,186.59°）;根据DPP的上下游磁场变化特征,可将DPP分为切向间断（TD）、旋转间断（RD）、混合间断（ED）及其他间断（ND）结构,四者所占比例分别为46.42%,19.53%,27.47%,6.58%.统计结果表明DPP事件TD占优.此外,TD/RD数量的比值在太阳活动低年时明显偏大.研究结果可为下一步准确预报DPP到磁层的传播时间以及探究DPP的形成机理等提供观测依据.      

一种混合粒度奇偶校验故障注入检测方法

为了实现高效的抗故障注入攻击,提出了一种混合粒度奇偶校验故障注入检测方法。传统奇偶校验检测方法为每n比特设置一个奇偶位,表示该n比特的奇偶性。随着n的减小,奇偶位个数增加,资源消耗增加,检测率提高。为了实现故障检测率和资源消耗的折中,对电路故障注入敏感部分或关键部分处理的数据采用细粒度奇偶校验（即n值较小）,对其他部分采用粗粒度奇偶校验。以RC5加密算法为例,阐述了混合粒度奇偶校验故障检测方法的原理和应用,并对不同粒度奇偶校验方法的故障检测率及资源使用进行了理论分析。实验结果表明,与整个RC5电路都采用字（n=32 bit）奇偶校验相比,混合粒度奇偶校验故障注入检测方法可以提高故障检测率29.44%,仅增加资源消耗2.48%。      

基于准静态拉伸试验的临界CTOA测量

为了寻求更为简单、准确的临界裂纹尖端张开角（CTOA_c）测量方法以推广CTOA准则的应用,本文对材料CTOA_c的测量方法进行了研究。根据CTOA的性质及G?teborgs Kungliga Segel S?llskap（GKSS）提出的CTOA_c估算方法导出了两种不同裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）定义之间的关系,并进一步得到一种基于准静态拉伸试验的CTOA_c测量方法,该方法与GKSS提出的估算方法相等效但更加简单。为了验证准静态拉伸试验法的准确性,对7B04 M（T）试样进行了静态拉伸试验,并使用上述两种方法估算7B04的CTOA_c,结果表明两种方法估算出的CTOA_c仅相差1%。同时分别采用平面应变核模型、平面应力模型对试样进行了弹塑性有限元模拟,模拟结果与试验结果相吻合。      

X_2H_6（X=ⅢA族）化学键的量子化学研究（英文）

在CCSD/6-311＋＋G（3df,3pd）的计算水平对X2H6（X=ⅢA族）的结合能和化学键进行了理论研究.结果表明,X2H6都具有与B2H6相似的几何结构,分子中存在两个共平面的三中心两电子氢桥键τM—H＇—M.考虑了XH3单体结合成二聚体时的变形能和基组重叠误差（BSSE）,B2H6,Al2H6,Ga2H6,In2H6和Tl2H6的结合能分别为167.7,150.6,106.5,97.4和79.3kJ/mol.桥氢原子（H＇）具有比σ-氢原子（H）更负的原子极化张量电荷.X—H的键级为0.961.00,以共价性为主.而X—H的键级为0.400.47,以离子性为主（B2H6除外）.在B2H6,Al2H6,Ga2H6,In2H6和Tl2H6中,X—H共价性百分比分别是96.3%,62.3%,70.2%,59.0%和68.6%,而X—H离子性百分比分别是47.9%,68.1%,62.9%,71.5%和69.4%.B2H6的主要共振结构是H＋[B2H5]-（占37.22%）,而其他二聚体的主要共振结构是XH3.XH3（占61.77%-69.75%）.     

第23太阳活动周太阳极紫外辐射与磁暴相关性分析

统计第23个太阳活动周内中等及以上强度（Dst_min<-50nT）的磁暴事件,线性拟合分析磁暴主相DDst_min和达到DDst_min前一个表征太阳极紫外辐射强度的F_10.7之间的相关性.结果表明:随着太阳极紫外辐射增强,DDst_min<-50nT的磁暴出现的总数增多,在弱、中等和强太阳极紫外辐射条件下,其数量分别为56,84和85;随着太阳极紫外辐射增强,强磁暴（-200nT ≤ Dst_min<-100nT）和大磁暴（Dst_min<-200nT）发生的数量和相对发生率呈增长趋势,尤其是大磁暴数目（1,4,12）和相对发生率（1.79%,4.76%,14.12%）明显呈增长趋势;大磁暴（|Dst_min|）与太阳极紫外辐射（F_10.7）之间存在中度正相关关系,其相关系数为0.532,并且主要体现在大磁暴（|Dst_min|）与强太阳极紫外辐射（F_10.7）之间的中度正相关性,其相关系数为0.582.大磁暴与强太阳极紫外辐射之间的相关性可为空间天气预报提供参考依据.      

小孔流导法材料放气率测量装置的设计

介绍了小孔流导法测量真空材料放气率的原理和测量装置的设计方案。该装置由真空抽气系统、流导法测量系统、压力测量与质谱分析系统等三部分组成,设计的核心思想是采用对称的双测试室结构设计,可以精确测量测试室和分离规等带来的本底吸放气影响,并可实现实时、动态测量。装置的测量范围为（1×10^-7-1×10^-14）Pa.m^3/（s.cm^2）,温度测试范围为45℃-500℃,极限真空度为5×10^-8Pa。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。