一种基于PCA的面向对象多尺度分割优化算法

多尺度分割是图像面向对象分类的基础,针对不同区域特征最优分割尺度确定的主观性以及采用聚类算法时聚类中心确定的随机性,提出了一种联合降维与聚类算法的面向对象多尺度分割优化算法。该算法首先利用主成分分析法（PCA）降维排序后的结果产生初始聚类中心;然后采用K-means聚类和度量每一个像素点合并的概率,从而得到适应不同研究区域内不同尺度地物的分割结果。采用多个影像数据库,通过引入聚类评价指标（内部评价指标和外部评价指标）、分割评价指标（分割精度、过分割率和欠分割率）并结合现有的图像分割方法及原始的K-means算法、与PCA降维后的K-means聚类对比分析。研究结果表明:经过降维处理后进行的聚类算法稳定性更高;与传统的聚类算法相比,结合PCA降维更能自动识别最优分割尺度;降维技术和聚类算法联合之中,目视和定量评价指标表明经过降维预处理后的聚类能得到更高质量的分割结果。      

基于核方法的聚类算法及其应用

在分析核方法的核心概念基础上,提出了一种基于核方法的聚类算法.通常,传统聚类算法只在数据特征差异较大时才有效,当数据特征差异较小时,很难取得较好的聚类效果.引入核函数,将原始数据由数据空间映射到特征空间,在特征空间中进行聚类.核函数的非线性映射使得原始数据的特征更完整地显现出来,从而能够更客观准确地聚类.与传统聚类方法相比,该方法聚类结果更客观有效.以16组实际数据为例,将该方法应用于数据分类研究中,聚类结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性,从而为数据分类提供了一种新的可行方法.      

基于用户查询日志的查询聚类

基于用户查询日志提出了新的查询聚类算法.用户查询日志数据量大,比通常用于查询聚类的查询展现日志和查询点击日志更加稠密,不易产生聚类小的问题,但噪声多,不容易处理.为发现相似查询并减少噪声影响,同一用户同一时段的多次查询(共现查询)之间认为具有较高相似概率.在这一假设基础上,利用查询共现关系建立查询的邻居查询向量空间.将查询用邻居查询向量表示,邻居查询向量的相似度作为聚类中的查询相似度.应用改进的基于密度聚类算法完成聚类.实验证明,95 262个查询组成数据集上,聚类算法实现查准率79.77%、查全率48.21%,平均聚类大小达到51.     

基于阈值的激光雷达K均值聚类算法

针对同一距离不同目标的激光雷达全波形回波数据聚类准确率低的问题,在分析K均值聚类算法原理的基础上,提出了一种基于阈值的K均值聚类算法。首先,利用强度信息对距离信息进行标定,使用强度信息作为特征进行聚类以区分同距离的不同目标。然后,利用阈值限定聚类中心间的最小距离,提高聚类准确率。最后,搭建了扫描验证平台进行平移和旋转成像,对算法有效性进行验证。通过不同颜色目标和模拟道路回波数据聚类实验表明,在不同阈值的情况下,提出的基于阈值的K均值聚类算法的聚类准确率均在90%以上,相比于无阈值的K均值聚类算法准确率提升10%以上,能够有效进行目标聚类和模拟道路提取。      

面向卫星多目标重复观测任务的分层聚类规划

针对敏捷卫星多目标重复观测任务规划面临的可行任务执行序列集合规模庞大困难,提出了一种任务执行序列时间解耦的分层聚类任务规划方法。该方法以规划过程中的可观测窗口和任务执行窗口为聚类对象,通过单次可观测窗口聚类和多次任务执行窗口聚类将任务集合按任务窗口属性分解为一系列时间解耦的小规模集合,在两次任务执行窗口聚类间使用基于贪婪优化的搜索算法对聚类生成的小规模任务集合分别进行集合内任务规划,最后将各集合的任务规划结果合并后得到所有任务的执行序列。仿真结果表明,该分层聚类方法可有效降低全局优化复杂度,消解不同优先级观测任务的冲突,提高任务规划质量,能够在不降低目标点观测完成率的前提下对有多个观测机会的目标点进行重复观测,且算法稳定性好,能在数秒内得出规划结果,适用于星上自主任务规划。     

利用聚类算法区分小尺度电离层行扰事件与赤道等离子体泡事件

利用Swarm卫星2015年1月1日至2019年12月31日的50Hz高频磁场数据,根据阈值判断垂直于主磁场方向的扰动,对磁纬45°N-45°S之间的小尺度电离层行扰事件进行探测.为避免混淆而产生的干扰,可以根据阈值判断平行于主磁场方向是否发生扰动,从而排除典型的赤道等离子体泡事件.但对于较弱的赤道等离子体泡事件,扰动阈值判断无效.为避免弱赤道等离子体泡事件的污染,根据小尺度电离层行扰事件和赤道等离子体泡事件在不同参数空间中的密度分布差异,利用基于密度的聚类算法将赤道等离子体泡事件进一步甄别提取.结果表明,聚类算法能够有效地将赤道等离子体泡事件从小尺度电离层行扰事件中甄选出来,并使小尺度电离层行扰事件聚类与赤道等离子体泡事件聚类形成清晰的边界.由聚类算法导出的弱赤道等离子体泡事件主要分布在磁纬15°N-15°S,地理经度20°-60°W,月份10至3月之间,并且在20:00MLT-24:00MLT存在高发生率,同时依赖于太阳活动,这也验证了前人的相关研究结果.      

基于三维光场的静态场景前景分割

为解决复杂场景中的前景提取问题提出一种基于三维光场分析的静态场景前景分割方法.首先,通过在一条直线等间距的不同视点上拍摄场景的序列图像构建密集采样的三维光场.其次,用线段检测(LSD)直线检测算法从对极平面图(EPI)中分析提取出场景边缘及其深度信息.借助分段三次Hermite多项式(PCHIP)快速插值算法恢复整个场景的深度信息.最终,通过阈值法实现对不同深度的前景物体的分割.初步实验结果表明,本方法能够较准确地恢复场景中多个物体之间的空间关系,前景分割结果较好地克服了现有基于区域聚类和数学形态学等方法在复杂场景应用中存在的过分割问题.      

基于不稳定度的仿人型机器人步态规划方法

为了保证机器人能够在人类的生活环境中安全地工作,应该选择最稳定的运动轨迹.提出了一种能够评价不同的运动步态之间稳定性好坏的稳定性评价准则.将零力矩点(ZMP,Zero Moment Point)与机器人支撑区域的形心之间的距离定义为不稳定度,分析了仿人型机器人行走过程中几种典型步态的不稳定度,同时提出了基于不稳定度的仿人型机器人步态规划的方法.当采用多种运动步态都能完成同一种任务时,用所提出的不稳定度评价方法可以在不同步长的步态中选择出稳定性最好的运动步态来执行.仿真及实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.      

基于相似性传播聚类算法的机会信号选择

介绍了复杂低空环境下的机会信号导航方法,并提出了一种机会信号选择方法,解决了机会导航信号源类型多、数量多难以选择的问题.由于信号源的几何精度因子(GDOP,Geometry Dilution of Precision)越小则定位精度越高,同一区域信号对GDOP影响相似,因此采用聚类的方法选择信号.首先,将各信号间的距离作为相似度测量参数,通过相似性传播聚类算法获得相似类组;然后,依据类组的中心点确定所选类组;最后,从中选择组内的机会信号.经仿真,分析了不同分布的机会信号聚类特点,通过对汶川震区机会信号选择的仿真,验证了相似性传播聚类算法的有效性.另外,该方法在复杂低空飞行应用中将大大提高信号选择的效率.     

基于无监督聚类与LSTM网络的航天器健康状态预测方法

健康状态预测是从系统层面保证航天器在轨安全稳定运行的关键技术.针对机电类关键部件存在性能退化过程的特点,提出一种基于无监督聚类与长短时记忆(LSTM)网络的航天器健康状态预测方法.该方法首先提取航天器单部件多维参数的高维时域特征,通过PCA方法将高维特征融合为反映部件运行状态的健康因子,再结合无监督聚类算法识别出故障的不同演化阶段,最后采用LSTM网络分别对各退化阶段构建其健康状态演化预测模型,实现对航天器部件健康状态预测.本文以控制系统关键部件控制力矩陀螺(CMG)为例对上述算法进行试验验证,验证了方法的有效性.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。