基于常规多普勒滤波器组结构的合成宽带距离像性能分析

为了消除散布效应对宽带信号的不利影响,可以利用多个窄带信号合成宽带信号;同时,通过在子带内处理相干脉冲串,可进行杂波抑制、目标速度估计和区分不同速度的目标。然而,在子带内分别使用常规多普勒滤波器组,会引进多普勒散布效应所造成的输出失配误差,从而造成合成距离像的失真。分析了多普勒散布效应与子带常规多普勒滤波器组输出失配之间的关系,推导了运动目标通过滤波器组后所成高分辨距离像的距离走动公式,给出了适合子带常规多普勒滤波器组的目标速度临界值。仿真实验验证了以上结论。     

稳健的宽带信号接收波束形成方法

对于宽带信号接收波束形成,为了降低阵列中各传感器接收通道时延和相位不一致性对性能的影响,提出了一种稳健的宽带信号接收波束形成方法。首先根据接收波束指向对阵列中各传感器信号的空间时延差进行补偿,然后利用短时傅立叶变换对阵列中各传感器信号进行子频带划分,并对各子频带所有传感器信号的时延和相位进行调整并相干合成,最后将相干合成后的子频带信号综合为宽带时域波束。针对宽带线性调频信号的计算机仿真实验表明,相比于传统的波束形成方法,所提方法能够显著提高宽带信号的合成效率。     

基于空域稀疏性的宽带DOA估计

利用宽带阵列接收信号的空域稀疏性,将宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计转化为一个稀疏信号重构的问题,提出了一种新的宽带信号DOA估计算法。该算法将宽带信号分解为多个子带信号,联合利用多个子带信号的空域稀疏性进行重构。它是对用于稀疏重构的标准的稀疏贝叶斯学习算法的推广,可适用于多冗余字典的信号模型。另外,通过对多快拍的阵列接收信号进行奇异值分解(SVD),提取信号子空间作为算法的输入数据,可以在有效减少运算复杂度的同时,提高对噪声的稳健性。与传统的宽带阵列DOA估计方法相比,该算法能够用于低信噪比、快拍有限和信源相关性较高的场合,同时算法的性能对信源个数的估计值不太敏感。仿真实验表明,该算法相对现有的基于子空间类的方法,具有更好的DOA估计性能。     

一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的信道化设计

为实现宽带雷达回波信号的模拟生成,通常采用基于信道化技术的射频存储(DRFM)系统。在信道化DRFM系统中,不合理的信道划分方案和多相滤波器设计会导致频谱混叠、频谱分量缺失和幅度失真。文章提出了一种相邻信道频谱有50%交叠的信道划分方法,并对信道化滤波器组进行了优化设计。在此基础上,给出了一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的实现方案。仿真结果表明,文章提出的设计方案可以实现Nyquist采样带宽内雷达信号的射频存储和模拟转发,且具有较小的幅度失真,可以满足瞬时大带宽雷达回波信号的模拟需求。     

一种宽带阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法

宽带数字阵列雷达接收通道中存在随频率变化的幅相误差和互耦误差,会严重影响雷达性能。针对这一问题,提出了一种宽带数字阵列幅相与互耦误差联合校正算法。首先选取通带内多个离散频点,对于每个频点,将幅相误差和互耦误差作为一个整体,采用基于子空间原理的窄带校正算法估计其阵列失真参数,并计算校正矩阵;然后将其组合起来,构成频域离散校正矩阵;最后基于最小二乘准则,设计了宽带有限长脉冲响应(FIR)校正滤波器矩阵。利用该矩阵,可实现通带范围内任意带宽入射信号的校正。计算机仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。对实测数据的处理结果表明该算法在宽带数字阵列雷达系统中具有实用价值。     

宽带扩频阵列信号处理技术研究

提出了一种基于时域分析的复合加权宽带阵列信号处理新方法,该方法通过群时延、相位和幅度复合加权处理,可以避免复杂的频域聚焦算法,最后给出了处理方法的详细算法和实现框图。     

基于脉组间频率步进的合成超宽带距离像及速度分析

 对脉组间频率步进信号进行信号处理可直接获得合成超宽带(UWB)距离像及目标速度信息,但由于多普勒色散引入的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)输出失配误差和距离多普勒耦合,导致距离像的失真。介绍消除多普勒色散的影响的方法,分析且补偿距离多普勒耦合对距离像的影响,进一步讨论由测速误差产生的补偿量化误差对距离像的影响,并推导由此导致的距离走动公式。提出的迭代二分逼近法使速度分辨提高 N 倍( N 为脉组个数),从而得到目标真实高分辨距离像。仿真实验结果表明多普勒色散得到消除且 N 的选取更加灵活。     

星载红外探测阵列对导弹跟踪定位的研究

通过分析研究建立了前视红外探测阵列 (FL IR)对导弹进行精确跟踪、定位的数学模型 ,其中包括导弹的运动模型、大气干扰模型和探测阵列的观测模型。根据探测阵列的原始观测数据 ,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器 (EKF)精确跟踪导弹目标。由于导弹与探测器的距离较远 ,故可视为点目标。导弹在探测阵列上投影的位置由两部分组成 :导弹真实运动位置和由于大气干扰造成的偏移。滤波器分别估计了这两种位移在探测阵列上的变化。最后用蒙特卡罗方法分析了滤波器的性能。     

一种导弹目标宽带雷达相位测距的新方法

微动是反导系统中识别真假弹头的重要依据之一,然而传统的通过距离像包络提取微动的方法分辨率较低,无法反映章动等幅度较小的运动,针对这个问题,提出了一种利用宽带雷达距离像相位分析导弹目标微动的新方法.该方法通过共轭相乘、时频域滤波及解模糊等步骤,从散射点的相位序列中提取散射点之间的距离微小变化,从而作为分析目标微动状况的依据.通过Feko软件仿真数据对提出的方法进行了验证,实验结果表明,相比于传统的通过距离像包络分析微动的方法,新方法对于微动导致的散射点距离变化的分辨能力提高了4倍以上,能够清晰地反映出目标的章动现象;并且,时频域滤波与解模糊的处理方法也能进一步提高该方法的鲁棒性,有效降低噪声和脉冲重复频率低导致的解模糊出错的概率.     

深空天线组阵宽带信号频域合成技术研究

分析了深空天线组阵中宽带信号合成需求,提出一种宽带信号频域波束形成方法,设计相应的信道化滤波器组,达到了近似完全重建的目的;采用多相FIR(Finite Impulse Response,有限脉冲响应)和FFT(Fast Fourier Transform,快速傅里叶变换)结合的方式降低了DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform,离散傅里叶变换)滤波器组的计算量。在此基础上开展了原理样机的研制,并通过数传基带对样机进行闭环BER(Bit Error Rate,比特误码率)测试,根据测试BER数据计算样机本身SNR(Signal Noise Ratio,信噪比)恶化和合成效率。测试结果表明:合成信噪比损失小于0.4dB,验证了设计的正确性和合理性。     

Analog clutter cancellation algorithms for dynamic range reduction

A technique that effectively reduces the dynamic range of the input signal in a radar receiver prior to digitization is presented. The dynamic range reduction is accomplished through a process that predicts the next radar return signal from the previous return signals, generates a replica waveform, and subtracts this replica waveform from the radar return signal prior to digitization. This process allows the radar return signal to be digitized without distortion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a limited dynamic range. The full dynamic range of the radar return signal is then restored by adding the replica waveform to the ADC output. Test and evaluation results using both synthetic and recorded radar data demonstrate in excess of a 30-dB reduction in the dynamic range of the signal at the ADC input when strong clutter is present     

Distortion Generated in Angle-Modulation Systems by Phased Arrays

The case of linear, uniformly weighted phased arrays is examined via time and frequency domain analyses. Bounds that must be placed on array length, modulation frequency, modulation index ?, and scan angle relationships if excessive distortion is to be avoided in wideband angle-modulated communication systems are established. Distortion is shown to consist of odd harmonic terms. It is also shown that, for one class of equivalent RF signals, phased arrays produce approximately three times as much distortion in frequency-modulation (FM) systems as in phase-modulation (PM) systems. Graphs of distortion plotted as functions of signal and array parameters show that, for practical array sizes, distortion is a monotonically increasing function of the product of L and sin ? where L is the length of the array expressed in modulation wavelengths ?m and ? is the scan angle. In PM systems, distortion also increases monotonically with the modulation index ?. Plots of distortion versus L sin ? show that even relatively small arrays can produce intolerable distortion levels in wideband systems; e.g., an FM system having ? = 3,L = 0.35?m, and ? = 60 degrees exhibits approximately 20 percent distortion.     

Limitations of Series-Fed Arrays in Broadband Communications

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the signal distortion which results when long, series-fed arrays are used for communication. It is shown that under certain conditions the antenna array can be considered a linear filter, the response of which is a function of frequency as well as spatial coordinates. The distortion accompanying the transmission as measured by the least mean-square difference between the transmitted and the received signals is derived. This expression is evaluated for the case of a uniformly excited array and a rectangular band-pass signal spectrum. In the absence of noise the transmitted signal can be completely recovered in the receiver by employing the proper linear filter. In the presence of noise the signal cannot, of course, be completely recovered. However, a technique for minimizing the distortion, in this case using a pre-filter and a post-filter, is investigated.     

The Segmented Aperture Synthetic Aperture Radar (SASAR)

A new concept in synthetic aperture radar, called SASAR, which uses a segmented aperture, is described. Use of the segmented aperture allows appreciable extra receiving antenna gain to be realized. Each subarray of the receive antenna is equal in length to the transmit antenna; the system performance is increased approximately by a factor equal to the number of subarrays. To allow array combination of the subarray signal outputs requires a phase-shift factor (varying with azimuth) to be applied to each subarray signal. A digital implementation of this preprocessor is sketched out; it uses a push-down storage stack to store the range histories for a synthetic aperture from each subarray. Appropriate phase shifts are added to the stacks and a sum of stack values then provides the combined output range history sequence. Possibilities of using analog delay lines for preprocessing are also discussed. Pattern errors due to subarray size and receive array near field are examined and constraints are given.     

高距离分辨率的低截获概率雷达信号性能研究

首先,分析步进频率雷达信号实现高分辨率的优缺点,在此基础上设计了一种改进的步进频率信号-参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号;然后,分析了该信号的处理过程。与步进频率信号在高速目标下成像失真相比,参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善。最后,分析了参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的低截获概率特性。     

一种基于DRFM和数字信道化技术的 宽带雷达目标干扰模拟器设计

提出了一种DRFM和数字信道化技术的宽带雷达目标干扰模拟器设计方案,详细讨论了宽带雷达信号的数字信道化接收算法和基于DRFM的扩展目标/干扰生成方法。仿真分析结果表明,该方案可以实现1 GHz带宽的雷达导引头目标干扰信号模拟,并可推广用于宽带雷达导引头干扰机和宽带雷达导引头数据采集系统设计。     

On Increasing Usable MTI Filter Bandwidth by Removing Linear-Phase Constraint

It has been shown in the literature that the linear-phase constraint of finite-duration impulse-response (FIR) digital filters can, under certain circumstances, be effectively traded either for a better filter amplitude response or a reduction in the number of filter coeficients. It is shown that such a tradeoff can be exploited for moving target indicator (MTI) radar signal processors to increase the usable bandwidth for target detection. Although it is demonstrated that the increase is significant for narrowband (ground) clutter, it is negligible for wideband (weather) clutter.     

Matched-Filter Response to a Linear FM Signal Transmitted Through a Phased Array

The response of a linear phased array with a matched filter connected at its output is investigated when a linear FM signal is incident on the array at an arbitrary angle. The filter is assumed to be matched to the linear FM signal. The dispersion produced by the array results in a mismatch at the receiver which depends on the scan angle and on the type of feed system used with the array. The distortion of the compressed pulse is studied for the series end-fed arrays, the series