共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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高超声速飞行器气动弹性力学研究综述 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
高超声速飞行器设计上的特点带来了一系列的气动弹性新问题。本文回顾高超声速飞行器气动弹性研究的历史与现状,着重介绍和分析了高超声速非定常气动力计算方法、热环境下的气动弹性问题、壁板颤振、推力影响下的气动弹性稳定性问题以及气动推进/气动弹性耦合的多学科交叉问题,相关的主动控制方法的研究进展亦有所介绍。在已有气动弹性问题研究发展的基础上,提出了高超声速飞行器在气动弹性领域需要解决和关注的若干问题,包括高超声速气动弹性试验、燃料消耗的质量变化对于飞行器气动弹性特性的影响以及气动弹性力学与飞行力学综合等方面。 相似文献
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吸气式高超声速飞行器多学科动力学建模 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
高超声速飞行器一体化设计中存在气动/热/推进/结构弹性相互耦合的问题,首先根据飞行器的机体/发动机一体化设计思想构造了二维高超声速飞行器模型,并基于激波/膨胀波原理和动量定理建立了气动力模型,采用Chavez和Schmidt建立的超燃冲压发动机推进系统模型;在飞行器结构方面,引入变截面和变质量分布的自由梁结构模型,并采用Eckert参考焓方法分析的气动加热过程中承力梁不同轴向位置温度随时间变化特征,在此基础上运用模态法计算了燃料消耗和气动加热条件下结构的固有频率和振型特征,获得结构弹性变形的模型;最后建立了考虑热气动弹性和推进系统作用的飞行动力学方程。研究结果表明:质量变化对结构弹性特性影响比较显著,而气动加热的影响主要表现在振动频率方面,且会随着加热过程的持续而逐渐增强;结构变形会改变飞行器静配平状态,特别是在机体质量较大的最初飞行阶段,气动加热会强化结构变形对配平特征的影响;线性化系统的动力学特征分析表明,质量减小和结构变形均会增加短周期模态和振荡模态的不稳定特性,而对高度特性的影响不大,气动加热效应会进一步增加飞行力学和气动弹性的耦合特征,并导致弹性模态的稳定性降低。 相似文献
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吸气式高超声速飞行器机体推进一体化技术研究进展 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
吸气式高超声速一体化飞行器最显著的特点是子系统之间的耦合较其他类型飞行器更加强烈,这使得其设计具有挑战性。所有的子系统之间部件相互干涉,包括:气动、推进、控制、结构、装载和热防护等,特别是机体与超燃冲压发动机之间的耦合最为突出。飞行器的前体和后体下壁面既是主要的气动型面,又是超燃冲压发动机进气道外压缩型面和尾喷管的膨胀型面,在产生推力的同时也产生升力和俯仰力矩。机体与发动机的强耦合作用对飞行器的推力、升力、阻力、俯仰力矩、气动加热、机身冷却、稳定性和控制特性有直接的影响。本文介绍了国内外机体推进一体化技术的研究进展,重点介绍了中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)的相关研究工作,包括:密切曲锥曲面乘波进气道和基于双激波轴对称基准流场内转式进气道设计方法、独创的大尺度脉冲式燃烧加热风洞一体化飞行器带动力试验技术和高超声速内外流耦合数值模拟技术等。对高速飞行中激波边界层相互干扰、流动分离机理、可压缩湍流转捩及其控制、超燃冲压发动机燃烧流动机理等相关基础问题也进行了研究,强调了对高效高精度计算方法的迫切需求。 相似文献
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为解决前缘钝化后由于外形的变化引起周围流场改变,导致激波形状发生变化而影响飞行器气动特性的问题,对前缘钝化后的吸气式高超声速飞行器气动特性进行了研究。对比分析了前缘钝化对吸气式高超声速飞行器气动特性的影响,得出了吸气式高超声速飞行器气动性能参数随着钝化半径的变化规律。研究结论可为乘波构型的高超声速飞行器一体化设计提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2021,34(3):94-104
Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions. 相似文献
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吸气式高超声速飞行器大迎角气动特性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吸气式高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中受到大气紊流等外部干扰的作用时,飞行姿态很可能会出现大迎角情况。针对大迎角飞行时飞行器可能出现的气动问题,对一种典型吸气式高超声速飞行器的流场进行了数值模拟。以雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程为控制方程,采用标准k-ε湍流模型求解,得到其流场特征和气动特性。重点针对大迎角情况,分别对整机气动特性、进气道性能和全动尾翼气动性能进行了分析,并结合流场特征作出解释。结果表明,机身和发动机之间存在气动/推进耦合现象。大迎角下飞行器的气动参数表现出非线性特性,升阻比减小,整机纵向表现为静不稳定,且不稳定性随迎角增大而增大;进气道性能在大迎角下降低,从而导致发动机推力下降,不利于发动机的正常工作,但却适当降低了整机的纵向静不稳定度;全动尾翼操纵效率降低从而使得配平难度增大。 相似文献
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Unsteady aerodynamics and flow control for flapping wing flyers 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Steven Ho Hany Nassef Nick Pornsinsirirak Yu-Chong Tai Chih-Ming Ho 《Progress in Aerospace Sciences》2003,39(8):635-681
The creation of micro air vehicles (MAVs) of the same general sizes and weight as natural fliers has spawned renewed interest in flapping wing flight. With a wingspan of approximately 15 cm and a flight speed of a few meters per second, MAVs experience the same low Reynolds number (104–105) flight conditions as their biological counterparts. In this flow regime, rigid fixed wings drop dramatically in aerodynamic performance while flexible flapping wings gain efficacy and are the preferred propulsion method for small natural fliers. Researchers have long realized that steady-state aerodynamics does not properly capture the physical phenomena or forces present in flapping flight at this scale. Hence, unsteady flow mechanisms must dominate this regime. Furthermore, due to the low flight speeds, any disturbance such as gusts or wind will dramatically change the aerodynamic conditions around the MAV. In response, a suitable feedback control system and actuation technology must be developed so that the wing can maintain its aerodynamic efficiency in this extremely dynamic situation; one where the unsteady separated flow field and wing structure are tightly coupled and interact nonlinearly. For instance, birds and bats control their flexible wings with muscle tissue to successfully deal with rapid changes in the flow environment. Drawing from their example, perhaps MAVs can use lightweight actuators in conjunction with adaptive feedback control to shape the wing and achieve active flow control. This article first reviews the scaling laws and unsteady flow regime constraining both biological and man-made fliers. Then a summary of vortex dominated unsteady aerodynamics follows. Next, aeroelastic coupling and its effect on lift and thrust are discussed. Afterwards, flow control strategies found in nature and devised by man to deal with separated flows are examined. Recent work is also presented in using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators and angular speed variation to achieve active flow control for MAVs. Finally, an explanation for aerodynamic gains seen in flexible versus rigid membrane wings, derived from an unsteady three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with an integrated distributed control algorithm, is presented. 相似文献
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针对高超声速飞行器模型具有气动/推进/控制强耦合和强非线性的特点,提出了一套面向控制的一体化设计方案.在概念设计阶段,以飞行器控制性能为优化目标,对气动、推进、结构、控制等参数进行一体化综合优选来设计飞行器.考虑模型生成的保真度要求和计算效率,建立高超声速飞行器参数化的数学模型,并设计LQR(linear quadratic regulator)跟踪控制器.通过不断调整飞行器构型,比较控制相关的动静态特性和控制效果,面向控制需求选择新的飞行器构型,并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明:控制一体化设计方法应用于高超声速飞行器概念设计初期可以扩大飞行包线,有效增大失速裕度,减小油耗,提高操纵面效能,降低发动机壅塞制约,对高超声速飞行器的设计效率和控制性能的提高起到了指导性的作用. 相似文献
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高超声速飞行器机体/推进一体化设计的启示 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
机体/推进一体化设计是吸气式高超声速飞行器的关键技术。飞行器的前体和后体既是主要的气动型面,又是发动机进气道的外压缩型面和尾喷管的膨胀型面,一体化设计直接影响飞行器的气动与发动机性能。本文阐述了吸气式高超声速飞行器的主要特点,梳理了飞行器的推阻匹配、升阻比特性、操稳匹配等主要气动设计问题。通过对国外典型高超声速飞行器机体/推进一体化设计技术的综合分析,总结了前体/进气道、后体/尾喷管、边界层强制转捩装置等关键部件的气动设计方法,获得了有意义的启示,可为后续吸气式高超声速技术研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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超燃冲压发动机是最具发展潜力的高超声速飞行器动力装置,具备性能优良的推力控制系统才能保证飞行器的安全自主飞行。为了实现在不同马赫数下的推力特性数值分析,根据飞行坡面建立由前体、进气道、隔离段、燃烧室和尾喷管组成的发动机模型,并通过发动机进、出口的气流动量变化来推算发动机推力。同时为保证推力系统的稳定,根据经典控制算法设计了燃油内环PD控制回路和推力外环PI控制回路。闭环仿真结果表明:该推力控制系统的控制效果良好,能较好地模拟真实控制回路。 相似文献
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变后掠变展长翼身组合体系统设计与特性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探索可变形飞行器气动、结构和控制关键技术,在可变后掠角及展长的翼身组合体风洞试验模型系统设计与特性分析方面开展了研究。系统设计包括总体方案设计、近似理论分析与计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟、结构与控制技术集成;特性分析包括结构特性、控制特性、定常与非定常气动特性的测试及其分析。结果表明:大尺度变形能显著改变飞行器的升力、阻力和升阻比等气动特性,进而使可变形飞行器能适应多种环境和任务,因而在全飞行周期中比传统固定外形飞行器具有更优的性能。 相似文献