惯性参数不确定的自由漂浮空间机器人自适应控制研究

针对自由漂浮空间机器人系统惯性参数不确定问题,提出一种笛卡儿空间内的自适应轨迹跟踪控制方法。采用扩展机械臂模型建立了自由漂浮空间机器人关节空间动力学方程,进而推导笛卡儿空间中的自由漂浮空间机器人动力学方程。在基于逆动力学法的自由漂浮空间机器人自适应控制器设计中,利用标称控制器离线固定控制参数与补偿控制器在线补偿方法,既可以保证惯量矩阵可逆,又可以使控制参数实时估计。采用Lyapunov方法的稳定性分析表明系统是稳定且渐进收敛的。最后,应用该控制方法对两杆平面自由漂浮空间机器人进行了仿真研究。仿真结果显示自由漂浮空间机器人末端执行器在笛卡儿空间具有良好的轨迹跟踪能力。     

微型飞行器过失速降落轨迹跟踪控制设计

采用基于张量积的T-S模糊建模与控制方法,对微型飞行器过失速降落纵向运动的轨迹跟踪控制问题进行了研究。首先,建立了过失速降落中飞行器纵向运动的线性变参数动力学模型;然后,通过张量积模型转化方法,将线性变参数模型转化为张量积胞体模型,基于该模型设计了并行分布补偿控制器,用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性,并推导了区域极点配置条件以获得更好的暂态响应性能;最后,对飞行器的过失速降落过程进行了仿真,验证了所设计的跟踪控制器的有效性。     

轻型飞行模拟器座舱中飞行员头部运动范围的求解

在轻型模拟器中,为获得头盔伺服系统有效的预测范围以及实现对其六自由度并联机构的结构优化,需要明确飞行员在进行飞行操作时的头部运动范围。本文在对影响头部运动的身体部位及关节的分析基础上,建立人体躯干至头部的结构模型。根据串联机器人运动学正解方法计算头部运动范围。仿真结果表明,求解得到的头部运动范围是符合人体运动规律的。同...     

非线性预测控制在巡航导弹地形跟踪中的应用

建立了巡航导弹的非线性动力学模型,针对该模型的非线性连续预测控制方法,提出了预测跟踪误差和跟踪误差线性组合的性能指标,通过使性能指标最小,产生了巡航导弹地形跟踪的最优非线性反馈控制器,通过对虚拟地形的跟踪验证了控制器的性能,结果表明,该控制器不仅具有精确的跟踪性能而且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

一种改进的基于分解控制的非线性力矩补偿策略及其在直流电机系统中的应用

 针对直流电机系统中存在的非线性摩擦力矩和波动力矩，提出一种改进的非线性力矩补偿策略，将重复控制机制引入到基于分解控制的补偿策略中。其中，鲁棒自适应补偿器用来补偿系统中存在的非线性摩擦力矩和波动力矩；而插入的重复控制器用来进一步提高系统运动曲线的跟踪性能。二者的综合构成了系统完整的控制律。Lyapunov方法证明了闭环控制系统的全局稳定性。最后，通过对高精度伺服系统的仿真研究证明了该改进补偿策略的有效性。     

基于头部运动要求的六自由度头盔伺服系统尺寸优化设计及其方法

以头部运动特性为设计要求,对六自由度头盔伺服系统的尺寸优化设计及其方法进行了研究.通过实验数据分析,总结了飞行学员训练过程中头部的运动特性.将运动特性分为两类——必备指标和可选指标,并以此为设计性能要求,定义了头盔伺服系统各运动特性指标的目标函数,并结合非线性最小二乘法的原理,建立了优化问题的数学模型.提出了一种基于C...     

基于非线性模型预测控制的火箭垂直回收姿态控制方法

针对火箭垂直回收着陆段强扰动、强参数不确定性、箭体姿态动力学高动态变化的飞行特性,提出了一种基于非线性模型预测控制的火箭垂直回收姿态控制方法。首先,基于四元数构建姿态控制数学模型;然后,在非线性模型预测控制框架下求解控制指令;同时,引入反馈校正机制与变时域策略以提升控制精度,进一步利用ESO观测扰动。仿真结果表明,控制器响应速度快、跟踪精度高,观测器能够有效观测并补偿扰动,具有较强的扰动鲁棒性。     

高效强力复合铣A轴的动力学建模与自适应滑模控制

A轴单元作为五轴数控机床的关键功能部件,其控制精度直接影响工件的加工精度和表面质量。针对系统参数摄动和不确定性切削负载对A轴伺服系统控制精度的影响,分析了A轴驱动系统的动静态性能,讨论了驱动扭矩、负载扭矩、运动方向和系统参数之间的相互关系,并建立了系统的非线性动力学模型。基于该动力学模型,设计了自适应模糊滑模控制器（AFSMC）,采用模糊系统对滑模控制律中的非线性函数项进行自适应逼近,并基于Lyapunov理论设计了模糊系统中可调参数的自适应律,同时,在滑模控制（SMC）的切换控制部分采用了指数趋近律。实验结果表明,所设计的AFSMC对不确定性负载扭矩和系统参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。与传统滑模控制（TSMC）相比,其在有效减小控制输入抖振的同时,使得跟踪控制精度提高了14.54%。     

应用非线性模型预测控制的绳系卫星Halo轨道保持控制

针对哑铃型绳系卫星在圆形限制性三体问题(CRTBP)中的Halo轨道保持控制问题,应用非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)方法设计了Halo轨道保持控制器。首先采用摄动法得到目标Halo轨道,通过跟踪目标轨道上一运动点,将其转化为目标跟踪控制问题,然后设计非线性模型预测控制器对其进行跟踪控制。利用4阶Ronge-Kutta法对原非线性模型进行离散化,将预测控制中的有限时域最优问题转化为非线性规划问题进行求解,得到下一周期的控制量。最后通过数值仿真验证了即使在初始位置偏差较大的情况下,所设计的控制器只需要很少的速度增量就可使绳系卫星系统运动至目标轨道,并精确地保持在目标轨道上。     

三轴式无人旋翼飞行器及自适应飞行控制系统设计

设计了一种操控简便的三轴式无人旋翼飞行器,由三组共轴双旋翼组成,各旋翼由直流电机直接驱动,只需调节各电机转速就能控制旋翼飞行器运动姿态和轨迹。为使三轴式无人旋翼飞行器飞行控制系统设计得到有效验证,研究了旋翼飞行器的飞行动力学非线性建模,运用叶素动量理论建立了共轴双旋翼变转速旋翼载荷计算方法,分析了旋翼入流分布对共轴双旋翼气动载荷模型的影响,通过试验验证了共轴双旋翼气动载荷计算模型的正确性。由于旋翼飞行器飞行动力学模型的非线性及未建模动力学的影响,难于建立非常精确的数学模型,给飞行控制系统设计带来了挑战。本文根据旋翼飞行器飞行动力学非线性模型推导出了旋转动力学模型逆和平移动力学模型逆控制器,利用神经网络在线自适应修正模型逆误差,采用线性PD或PI控制器调节指令跟踪误差,应用由向心回转和垂直上升组合的机动科目进行了仿真验证,给出了具有外界阵风干扰模拟的仿真结果,表明所设计的飞行控制系统具有自适应性和鲁棒性,能实现精确的轨迹跟踪控制。     

机器人力/位并环混合运动学分析研究

提出用大系统理论进行复杂的机器人力控制研究,介绍了与之相应的智能力／位并环控制新策略,针对力控制中未知环境约束运动的特点,详述了力控制大系统智能新策略中核心：根据腕力传感器输出的三维力,考虑摩擦力的影响,推导了动态求解机器人终端与环境接触点的法向--力控方向和切向--位控方向的公式,从而建立了基于力反馈的运动学模型,有效解决了长期遗留的未知环境约束运动中的难题。     

Motion synchronization in a dual redundant HA/EHA system by using a hybrid integrated intelligent control design

This paper presents an integrated fuzzy controller design approach to synchronize a dis-similar redundant actuation system of a hydraulic actuator (HA) and an electro-hydrostatic actu-ator (EHA) with system uncertainties and disturbances. The motion synchronous control system consists of a trajectory generator, an individual position controller for each actuator, and a fuzzy force tracking controller (FFTC) for both actuators. The trajectory generator provides the desired motion dynamics and designing parameters of the trajectory which are taken according to the dynamic characteristics of the EHA. The position controller consists of a feed-forward controller and a fuzzy position tracking controller (FPTC) and acts as a decoupled controller, improving posi-tion tracking performance with the help of the feed-forward controller and the FPTC. The FFTC acts as a coupled controller and takes into account the inherent coupling effect. The simulation results show that the proposed controller not only eliminates initial force fighting by synchronizing the two actuators, but also improves disturbance rejection performance.     

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

Capture and detumbling control for active debris removal by a dual-arm space robot

Active debris removal (ADR) technology is an effective approach to remediate the proliferation of space debris, which seriously threatens the operational safety of orbital spacecraft. This study aims to design a controller for a dual-arm space robot to capture tumbling debris, including capture control and detumbling control. Typical space debris is considered as a non-cooperative target, which has no specific capture points and unknown dynamic parameters. Compliant clamping control and the adaptive backstepping-based prescribed trajectory tracking control (PTTC) method are proposed in this paper. First, the differential geometry theory is utilized to establish the constraint equations, the dynamic model of the chaser-target system is obtained by applying the Hamilton variational principle, and the compliance clamping controller is further designed to capture the non-cooperative target without contact force feedback. Next, in the post-capture phase, an adaptive backstepping-based PTTC is proposed to detumble the combined spacecraft in the presence of model uncertainties. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed capture and detumbling control method. Simulation results indicate that the target detumbling achieved by the PTTC method can reduce propellant consumption by up to 24.11%.     

基于MRP的全局稳定的PID刚体姿态控制

针对刚性航天器姿态控制问题,建立了由修正Rodrigues参数(MRP)表示的混杂姿态模型,并基于此模型设计了一种具有迟滞特性的非线性比例-积分-微分(PID)切换控制器.该控制器包含一个对克里奥利力矩和期望机动力矩的前馈补偿项和一个用于消除轨迹跟踪误差的PID反馈项.通过一个特别的Lyapunov函数分析得到了全局渐...     

一种非链式非完整球形机器人的反步轨迹跟踪控制器(英文)

Spherical robot has good static and dynamic stability, which provides it with strong viability in hostile environment, but the lack of effective control methods has hindered its application and development. This article deals with the dynamic trajectory tracking problem of the spherical robot BHQ-2 designed for unmanned environment exploration. The dynamic model of the spherical robot is established with a simplified Boltzmann-Hamel equation, based on which a trajectory tracking controller is designed by using the back-stepping method. The convergence of the controller is proved with the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations show that with the controller the robot can globally and asymptotically track desired trajectories, both linear and circular.     

Fuzzy adaptive robust control for space robot considering the effect of the gravity

Space robot is assembled and tested in gravity environment, and completes on-orbit service（OOS） in microgravity environment. The kinematic and dynamic characteristic of the robot will change with the variations of gravity in different working condition. Fully considering the change of kinematic and dynamic models caused by the change of gravity environment, a fuzzy adaptive robust control（FARC） strategy which is adaptive to these model variations is put forward for trajectory tracking control of space robot. A fuzzy algorithm is employed to approximate the nonlinear uncertainties in the model, adaptive laws of the parameters are constructed, and the approximation error is compensated by using a robust control algorithm. The stability of the control system is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov theory and the trajectory tracking control simulation is performed. The simulation results are compared with the proportional plus derivative（PD） controller, and the effectiveness to achieve better trajectory tracking performance under different gravity environment without changing the control parameters and the advantage of the proposed controller are verified.