面向Android智能终端的多模GNSS实时非差精密定位

Android操作系统中全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)原始数据的开放为大众高精度位置服务的应用带来了重要机遇。在对Android系统GNSS原始数据特性分析的基础上,利用智能终端GNSS原始数据实现了实时非差精密定位,研制了面向Android平台的实时精密单点定位(PPP)软件PPPAnd,并开展了实际环境下的定位测试。测试结果表明:基于Android终端GNSS原始数据的实时静态伪距单点定位精度(RMS)为1.16m(水平方向)和1.51m(垂直方向),较其自身位置速度和时间(PVT)解算结果分别提高了70%和76%;实时静态精密单点定位解算结果的精度(RMS)为0.62m(水平方向)和0.66m(垂直方向),较PVT结果分别提高了87%和82%,精度收敛至1m以内所需时间约8min,并且收敛后的精度可达亚米级;城市环境中车载实时动态精密单点定位的水平和垂直精度(RMS)分别约为1.32m和0.81m,较PVT结果分别提高了39%和65%。     

中低纬地区混合LEO星座增强GNSS UPPP收敛性能评估

针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密单点定位(PPP)收敛时间过长的问题,提出了利用低轨卫星(LEO)几何结构变化快的优势,增强GNSS非差非组合PPP(UPPP)的收敛性能。选取中低纬度地区28个能接收GPS、GALILEO和BDS3信号的测站观测数据,比较了极轨和混合LEO星座的增强效果。结果表明：混合LEO星座增强GPS、GALILEO和BDS组合系统时,各测站收敛时间减少60%～80%,70%的测站收敛速度优于极轨星座。当混合LEO星座增强单BDS时,CL和GCL组合系统的收敛时间相当,ENU方向定位误差变化基本一致。收敛时间从10～20 min下降至3 min以内,原因是混合LEO增强BDS定位时,大大改善了卫星的空间结构。     

基于多模PPP-AR技术的大气水汽探测性能分析

精密单点定位（precise point positioning，PPP）反演大气可降水量（precipitable water vapor，PWV）具有精度高、实时性强等优点，能够在灾害监测、降雨预报及探测降水信息等方面发挥重要作用。为评估整周模糊度固定模式下PPP-AR（PPP ambiguity resolution）反演PWV的性能，选取全球范围16个MGEX站2022年4个时段的观测数据，采用最终精密星历解算，设置不同星座组合（GPS,BDS-3,GPS+BDS-3,GPS+GLO+GAL+BDS-3）获取对流层延迟（zenith total delay，ZTD）估值，并转换为PWV。从PPP-ZTD与IGS-ZTD的相关性、PPP-ZTD收敛时间、ZTD估值精度和PPP-PWV估值精度4个方面评价多模PPP-AR探测水汽的性能。结果表明，与单（G、C）、双系统（GC）固定解相比，多系统（GREC）固定解获取ZTD估值更加精确，相关系数更高。相较于单、双系统，多系统具有更快的收敛速度，收敛时间分别缩短了27%,25%和20%，多系统固定解与浮点解相比收敛时间缩短11%。此外，对GNSS PPP反演的PWV与探空站PWV（RS-PWV）进行对比，结果表明，WUH2站与HOB2站单、双、多系统固定解、多系统浮点解（float-GREC）的平均均方根误差分别为6.40 mm,6.48 mm,6.19 mm,6.17 mm,6.19 mm和5.82 mm,5.77 mm,5.72 mm,5.62 mm,5.70 mm。多模下得到的PWV估值精度最高，可为高精度的水汽反演提供支持。     

多模GNSS PPP时间传递性能比对分析

精密单点定位(PPP)时间传递技术是国际时间比对的重要手段之一,为协调世界时的计算做出巨大贡献。为探究多系统融合PPP时间频率传递性能,选取3个国际授时实验室的测站数据组成2条链路,采用8种实验模式对比分析单系统、双系统、三系统和四系统PPP时间频率传递性能。实验结果表明：各多系统组合较单GPS系统在可见星数上均有较大提升,且极大改善了钟差精度因子,增加了时间比对结果的稳健性和可靠性。在时间传递稳定性方面：对于453.4 km的PTBB-BRUX链路,较单GPS系统,双系统中GPS/BDS组合提升效果最优,提升率约为10.39%,三系统中GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合提升率最优,约为11.86%,四系统组合提升率为11.98%,可从0.046 7 ns提升至0.041 1 ns;对于8 031.8 km的PTBB-NIST链路,GPS/BDS组合提升率约为4.89%,GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合提升率约为5.49%,四系统组合提升率为5.79%,可从0.114 0 ns提升至0.107 4 ns。在频率传递稳定度方面：在前10 000 s内双系统组合平均提升17.6%,三系统...     

基于RTS滤波的GPS+BDS 非差非组合PPP/INS紧组合模型

GPS高精度定位技术在动态复杂环境中,其定位精度、可靠性和连续性因卫星信号频繁失锁而变差。为此,提出了采用基于RTS滤波(Rauch-Tung-Striebel Filter)的GPS+BDS非差非组合PPP(Precise Point Positioning)与INS(Inertial Navigation System)紧组合模型的策略来克服GPS在动态定位中的弱点。其中,采用GPS+BDS双系统观测数据,可提高PPP解算中的可用卫星数,改善星站间定位几何强度和提高PPP收敛速度;采用PPP/INS紧组合,利用INS的自主定位特性和短期高精度特性,可有效改善复杂环境下的定位精度和连续性;采用RTS滤波,可进一步提高PPP/INS紧组合性能。首先推导了GPS+BDS非差非组合函数模型、PPP/INS紧组合函数模型和RTS滤波函数模型,然后利用一组车载动态数据,对动态GPS PPP、GPS+BDS PPP、GPS/INS紧组合、GPS+BDS PPP/INS紧组合和基于RTS的GPS+BDS PPP/IMU紧组合的定位、测速和定姿性能进行分析。实验结果表明,该方案可有效提高定位(58%～72%)、测速(74%～82%)和定姿(4%～23%)精度,特别是对卫星失锁期间的定位性能改善尤为明显。     

顾及频间偏差的GNSS多频非组合PPP变形监测

精密单点定位(PPP)技术有望解决长距离、大范围等监测场景难以找到稳定基准点的难题。现代化的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)卫星纷纷开始播发多频信号,多频观测值融合理论上可提升PPP变形监测性能。为了充分利用多频冗余观测数据,详细研究了每个频点的差分码偏差(DCB)和全球定位系统(GPS)存在的相位频率间卫星钟偏差(PIFCB)的改正方法,扩展了多频数据处理的严密理论模型,能够灵活处理GPS三频、Galileo五频和BDS-3五频观测数据。多频PPP振动监测实验结果表明,GPS三频PPP、BDS-3五频PPP、Galileo五频PPP较各自双频PPP位移监测精度可分别提升12%、13%和14%,表明多频PPP技术有利于提升PPP位移监测精度与稳定性。     

低成本U-blox模块的单频GPS/BDS增强PPP定位性能分析

以U-blox单频接收机采集数据,在GPS与GPS/BDS两种解算模式下进行局域增强精密单点定位(PPP)解算,并进行模糊度固定,对其在不同环境下的定位性能进行实验研究和分析。实验结果表明:在静态环境下,GPS/BDS浮点解收敛至cm级需3min左右,较GPS缩短64%,GPS/BDS定位精度RMS在平面与高程方向分别为(3.2cm,2.7cm),较GPS提升(47%,59%);GPS/BDS在30s左右可固定模糊度,固定后定位精度为(0.4cm,1.0cm),较GPS/BDS浮点解提升(88%,63%)。在动态环境下,GPS/BDS浮点解收敛至cm级需4min左右,较GPS提升59%,定位精度为(3.1cm,5.9cm),较GPS提升(34%,43%);GPS/BDS获得固定解需2min左右,固定后定位精度为(0.7cm,1.0cm),较GPS/BDS浮点解提升(77%,83%)。     

GNSS实时卫星钟差估计在地震监测中的应用

为快速、有效地获取地震发生阶段震源周边地区站点的动态位移,为地震预警系统提供高可靠性的地表形变信息,利用全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)高频观测数据,基于非差估计法对多模GNSS卫星钟差进行实时估计及性能分析,并将其应用于精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)实时计算2021年漾濞M_w6.4地震和玛多M_w 7.4地震的地面动态形变。结果表明,GNSS四系统实时估计卫星钟差的标准差(standard deviation, STD)均值为0.142 ns,其多系统组合PPP动态解的平均标准差在水平方向达到0.5 cm,高程方向达到1.0 cm,计算得到的地震动态位移波形相对GPS单系统更为稳定,而且能够获得较为准确的同震形变。     

GNSS多系统RTK授时性能分析

RTK授时不依赖实时精密星历,精度高、实现简单,在短距离精密授时与时间同步中具有突出的应用潜力。针对城域环境下单系统RTK授时可能面临可用卫星数量较少、收敛时间较长等问题,验证分析了GNSS多系统RTK授时性能。基于中国科学院国家授时中心时间频率资源和3个GNSS跟踪站的BDS-3、GPS和Galileo观测数据开展多系统RTK授时试验,涉及动态、静态和固定站坐标3种模式,并从授时精度、收敛时间和稳定度3个方面展开分析。两条基线的试验结果表明：与光纤双向时间频率传递结果相比,动态模式下,多系统单频授时差异STD较GPS单系统分别提高9.13%和9.01%,静态模式分别提高6.09%和11.76%,固定站坐标模式分别提高3.04%和5.79%,多系统单频RTK授时的授时结果差异STD优于0.25 ns,双频优于0.15 ns;多系统融合使得RTK授时的收敛时间与GPS单系统相比至少缩短25%以上,静态模式下双频RTK收敛时间缩短最多,两条基线分别缩短66.9%和67.8%;3种模式多系统站间钟差的万秒稳均进入10^-15量级,动态模式和静态模式下短期稳定度相比GPS单...     

GNSS卫星钟差估计与结果分析

探讨了GNSS卫星钟差估计的基本原理、处理方法及数据处理中的一些关键技术,利用全球56个IGS跟踪站的观测数据进行钟差估计,比较分析了钟差产品的精度与定位性能。以GPS系统解算结果为例,其钟差产品与IGS最终精密卫星钟差符合较好,精度优于0.04ns(约0.012m),多系统钟差解算结果互差优于亚纳秒级。基于钟差产品进行精密单点定位解算试验,试验结果表明,在定位收敛之后,静态PPP在东、北、天3个方向上精度为0.0582m、0.0466m、0.1188m;动态PPP在东、北、天3个方向上精度为0.0671m、0.0640m、0.3200m。定位结果与IGS最终精密钟差解算结果符合较好,表明两者之间差异较小,进一步验证了解算得到的卫星钟差产品的定位性能。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.