国外航天器电子系统的几个重要发展趋势

首先,界定了所讨论的航天器电子系统的范畴,即限于航天器平台或公共服务模块部分的电子设备。然后,从分布式模块化结构电子系统发展、工业标准体系的应用、空间电子单机与元器件先进制造技术影响和数字化设备应用等方面,综述了国外航天器电子系统技术十余年的发展成果和趋势,其中重视系统体系结构研究、工业标准向空间技术领域推广等经验值得借鉴。     

基于感应耦合式无线能量传输的 微纳聚合体航天器电源系统设计与验证

微纳聚合体航天器是一种以机械或电磁锁紧机构实现各模块化基本单元航天器连接的新型航天器架构,可以灵活实现在轨组装与自重构以满足不同任务需求。但是,基于传统电连接器的电气互联方式无法适应模块化航天器间灵活交汇对接与快速分离需求。针对上述问题,文章建立了基于感应耦合式双向无线能量传输的微纳聚合体航天器电源系统架构,根据地面演示验证需求分别设计了能源核航天器和载荷任务航天器电源系统参数,然后根据各模块化航天器间非接触供电需求,设计了双向无线能量传输单元参数,最后通过地面演示试验验证了基于双向无线能量传输的微纳聚合体航天器电源系统架构可行性,单级无线能量传输功率在20W~30W时传输效率稳定在75.8%以上,通过效率优化提升至95%以上,将可实现四个基本单元航天器的多级功率传输。     

An Effective Algorithm of Aerodynamic Control over Spacecraft Descent

An algorithm of aerodynamic control is suggested for the descent of a spacecraft with a small lift-to-drag ratio into a predetermined region of space. The algorithm provides for an oriented descent with accepted accuracy for a subsequent operation of the landing control system. It needs less computing in comparison with traditional algorithms due to reduction of the initial nonlinear boundary value problem to the Cauchy problem.     

低轨航天器运行环境质子通量预测模型对比研究

辐射带粒子环境是导致航天器故障和异常的重要因素。为此,需要对辐射带粒子环境及其通量分布进行研究。文章主要研究低地球轨道（LEO）环境辐射带质子分布情况。分析了目前用来计算质子通量的几种常用模型的优缺点;利用各模型计算了不同轨道的质子通量,对计算结果进行了比较;总结了进行不同高度、不同能量范围的质子通量计算时,选择不同模型的依据原则。     

一种航天器空间环境效应仿真分析软件架构

航天器空间环境效应仿真分析是航天器系统设计分析的重要组成部分。文章对国内外空间环境效应仿真分析软件进行调研总结,指出我国目前尚无系统级空间环境效应仿真分析软件;给出空间环境效应分析的基本流程和软件的基本功能;提出一种七层软件架构;最后介绍了基于该架构实现的微流星体撞击通量计算原型系统及其计算结果。     

多航天器编队在轨自主协同控制研究

提出一种基于信息一致性的分布式协同控制策略,该策略可自主实现多航天器编队 的 构型建立、保持与整体机动。在该策略中,编队内各航天器均具有局部的分层控制结构：参 考点一致性估计层根据各航天器初始状态与编队内信息拓扑,协商估计出多航天器编队整体 系统基准参考点;协同制导层根据编队整体系统模型预测控制方程,采用并行计算方式,规 划各航天器从初始状态到期望构型的期望重构机动路径;协同控制层采用基于二阶一致性算 法的协同反馈控制律,使各航天器彼此协同地跟踪期望路径和整体机动参考信息。仿真结果 表明:当信息拓扑中存在最大生成树时,该策略能够实现多航天器编队构型建立、保持与整 体机动的协同控制,并具有较好鲁棒性。〖JP〗     

航天器力学试验回顾、启发与展望

中国航天器的研制与火箭的发展密切相关,航天器力学试验也是借鉴了火箭研制中力学试验的经验。振动试验至今仍沿用了x、y、z 3个方向分别进行振动试验的方法;1997年ESTEC建立了HYDRA 6自由度振动试验系统,开始了以x向为主的6自由度振动试验的新方法,这对我国航天器振动试验技术是一个重要的启迪。     

编队InSAR相对姿态控制

编队InSAR要求较高的相对姿态指向精度和地面观测重合度。根据相对姿态控制要求，提出了编队InSAR相对姿态计算的方法，从而确定从星的期望姿态。在此基础上，设计了两种非全状态反馈控制器及相应的角速度滤波器：半状态反馈控制器和角速度滤波器，输出反馈控制器和滤波器，进行相对姿态控制。数值仿真结果表明两种方法均可满足编队InSAR相对姿态控制要求。     

Comparative cost and utility analysis of monolith and fractionated spacecraft using failure and replacement Markov models

Failure of a single component on-board a spacecraft can compromise the integrity of the whole system and put its entire capability and value at risk. Part of this fragility is intrinsic to the current dominant design of space systems, which is mainly a single, large, monolithic system. The space industry has therefore recently proposed a new architectural concept termed fractionation, or co-located space-based network (SBN). By physically distributing functions in multiple orbiting modules wirelessly connected, this architecture allows the sharing of resources on-orbit (e.g., data processing, downlinks). It has been argued that SBNs could offer significant advantages over the traditional monolithic architecture as a result of the network structure and the separation of sources of risk in the spacecraft. Careful quantitative analyses are still required to identify the conditions under which SBNs can “outperform” monolithic spacecraft. In this work, we develop Markov models of module failures and replacement to quantitatively compare the lifecycle cost and utility of both architectures. We run Monte-Carlo simulations of the models, and discuss important trends and invariants. We then investigate the impact of our model parameters on the existence of regions in the design space in which SBNs “outperform” the monolith spacecraft on a cost, utility, and utility per unit cost basis. Beyond the life of one single spacecraft, this paper compares the cost and utility implications of maintaining each architecture type through successive replacements.     

航天器分布式系统仿真验证平台设计与实现

文章分析了航天器分布式系统仿真平台的特点和需求,根据分布式集成仿真平台多操作系统、混合架构、分布式结构、模型管理、试验设计、仿真运行、数据管理的技术特点和功能需求,对相应关键技术进行了攻关,制定了实施方案,在此基础上完成了相关设计和实现。平台能够适应全数学与半物理2种仿真工况,满足航天器系统方案设计全面仿真验证需求,并可方便接入商业或自研软件。最后通过仿真实例对平台的功能性能及通用性进行了验证。     

航天器自主运行技术的进展

阐述了航天器自主运行的概念、目标和任务。对自主运行和传统测控方式进行了比较。最后重点介绍了航天器自主运行技术的进展情况。文章分4个部分介绍自主运行技术。首先介绍了2种自主运行体系结构，它们是自主运行各种功能集成的基础。第2部分介绍了2种智能规划与调度技术。第3部分介绍了基于模型的故障诊断与系统重构技术。第4部分介绍了有效载荷数据自主处理的进展情况。最后进行了总结并介绍了与自主运行相关的其他技术。     

卫星动力学环境试验数据库系统的设计与实现

文章在对卫星动力学环境试验数据库的需求进行分析的基础上,提出了数据库系统的总体设计框架和模块结构设计,并介绍了它的多元化分析整体设计过程。系统的总体框架分为4层：数据获取层、数据存储层、逻辑层和客户层。模块主要分为：入库与出库模块、查询模块、报告生成模块、功能接口模块和模态虚拟试验平台模块。该数据库现已应用于卫星动力学环境试验中。     

利用并行八叉树划分技术开展复杂构型航天器放气污染分析研究

放气污染对航天器造成的有害影响需要定量评估。放气产物分子的输运过程可以采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟,并用射线表示放气分子输运轨迹。如此一来,即转换为射线追踪问题。由于航天器构型复杂,射线追踪的计算很耗时,所以有必要研究其加速算法。文章将复杂构型航天器表面用三角形非结构网格表示,利用八叉树划分技术开展分子运动轨迹与表面相交的加速模拟计算。同时,在基于共享内存多核计算平台,利用OpenMPAPI软件实现了计算的并行化。该方法在对空间站的实例计算中显著提高了运算速度,并对空间站的污染情况进行了初步评价分析。     

New approaches to planetary exploration: Spacecraft and information systems design

As a result of studies undertaken during 1981 and 1982, in support of NASA's Solar System Exploration Committee activities, several new approaches have been identified for development of flight hardware as well as ground systems for the execution of U.S. planetary missions through the close of the century. This paper will summarize these new approaches for achieving lower cost in planetary exploration in three different ways:

• •• Use of modified “production line” spacecraft developed by aerospace companies for scientific and commercial use in earth orbit—study results will be discussed which demonstrate that with only modest modifications to existing earth orbiting spacecraft, excellent results can be expected at planetary targets in the inner solar system ranging from Venus to the inner portions of the asteroid belt. Use of both communications satellites typical of those used in geosynchronous applications, as well as low earth orbiting scientific and meteorological satellites will be discussed. The range of changes and the rationale for these changes required to perform planetary missions will be displayed in detail.
• •• The development of a multi-mission modular type spacecraft for planetary missions—a new approach and new flexible spacecraft design proposed for development for planetary missions to comets, main-belt asteroids, and the outer planets will be identified. This Mariner Mark II spacecraft will enable reconfiguration at low cost for adaptation to a wide range of missions. Design concepts which draw heavily on early planetary missions as well as technology developments that are expected to be available in the late 80's and early 90's will be described in detail.
• •• Development of low-cost multi-mission end-to-end information system—a system design including spacecraft command and data handling system requirements, as well as an architecture for a cost effective multi-mission operations system will be described. This system is intended to be applied to both classes of spacecraft/missions described above.

     

基于智能Agent的航天器MEMS 自主热控系统研究

以航天器MEMS热控系统为对象,将系统层次的Agent智能体决策体系与热控系统自主控制任务相结合,形成一种无需外界过多干预的自主决策控制机制,即系统自身能依据所辨识出的外部轨道热环境及内部热负荷变化进行控制变量自主调节,达到优化协调多个控制变量且能自适应调节控制器参数的新型智能热控系统。     

Manufacture in space: the MINOS system

The manufacture in Space of products for use on Earth is a possibility for the 1990s. The MINOS project is based on the idea of a free-flyer station for the current medium-level production of either unique products (which cannot be made on Earth), or of economic yields of products which cannot be obtained in sufficient quantities on Earth.At present, only the main system may be defined from general specifications: electrical power (10 kW), residual acceleration (10^?5 g), processing cycle duration (10 hr).The launch vehicle is Ariane I and its improved versions (models II, III and IV).The outer structure of the spececraft is described with solar panels, energy storage (battery and inertial storage) and control systems.The definition of orbital parameters capable of accommodating the basis specifications, especially the high energy level and the re-entry conditions on the Guiana base, is a major problem. The re-entry vehicle is studied from a pure ballistic trajectory point of view. From the results of orbital performance, the mass of the spacecraft and also the mass of the ascent vehicle are evaluated. For this latter value, its determination is directly related to the cost of space-processed materials.A general overview is given of the other spacecraft sub-systems such as satellite tracking, communications, ground stations, resources requirements, telemetry, onboard computing system etc.     

6G时代卫星算力网络发展思考

卫星已被广泛认为是6G网络的重要组成部分，卫星算力网络结合实时网络和计算资源状况，进行卫星计算节点间的任务调度，能够满足多样性业务的时延要求，实现在轨通信、处理、存储等资源的高效利用。首先，阐述卫星算力网络的概念内涵，对卫星通信网络的发展现状和趋势进行了总结；其次，从总体架构、硬件组成和软件架构三方面给出了卫星算力网络的设计考虑；最后，对卫星算力网络所面临的技术挑战进行总结，对卫星算力的发展进行了展望。     

SRAM型FPGA的单粒子效应及TMR设计加固

宇宙空间中存在多种高能粒子,其辐射效应会严重威胁航天器中现场可编程门阵列（FieldProgrammable Gate Array,FPGA）器件工作的可靠性。文章研究了静态随机存储器型（Static Random AccessMemory,SRAM）FPGA中的单粒子翻转效应。理论计算表明,采用三模冗余（Triple Module Redundancy,TMR）设计方法可以有效缓解FPGA中的单粒子翻转问题。针对传统TMR设计方法的不足,提出了一种改进的TMR设计架构,并将该架构应用于某星载关键控制电路的设计中。文中的研究成果对SRAM型FPGA的空间应用有一定参考作用。     

基于LabWindows动态链接库技术的航天器有效载荷通用测试系统的开发研究

航天器有效载荷产品的生产研制具有种类多、批次多、批量小等特点。为了提升有效载荷产品自动测试系统的软件灵活性,以应对测试项目复杂性增加所带来的挑战,提出了一种基于动态链接库技术的测试系统软件架构。该架构具备线程管理、仪器资源管理和测试序列编辑的功能,通过三层动态链接库的关联结构设计实现了自动测试系统中用户管理、业务逻辑和仪器控制的软件功能,同时给出了系统架构中各个模块的详细设计方案,最后通过产品测试验证了系统功能。提出的基于动态链接库技术组成的系统架构具有更小的程序粒度和良好的扩展性。通过三层动态链接库模块之间的灵活配置与重构,使得测试系统软件整体功能得到不断升级,极大地满足了当前航天有效载荷产品生产研制对于集成测试系统的需求,从而为航天器测试系统架构设计提供了的一种新思路。     

改进的SEREP缩聚法在航天器结构动力学模型修正中的应用

模型缩聚是基于频率响应的模型修正的基础,准确的模型缩聚才能保证模型修正的正确性.针对目前的模型缩聚方法对于航天器结构在中高频段不能准确反映模型动力学特性的问题,提出改进的SEREP缩聚方法:以结构的模态分析为基础,通过加入扩展的主自由度增加缩聚模型对应的线性子空间的维数.经实际航天器结构算例证明,在使用改进的SEREP...