高超声速飞行器表面温度分布与气动热耦合数值研究

针对高超声速飞行器热防护设计中的高温气体非平衡效应问题和气动热环境精确预测问题,基于流场的非平衡Navier-Stokes方程、表面的能量守恒方程和内部的热传导方程,考虑流场的非平衡效应、表面的热辐射效应、催化效应和烧蚀效应以及热防护层内部的热传导效应,建立了初步的表面温度分布与气动热的耦合计算方法,完善了高超声速飞行器气动物理流场计算软件(AEROPH_Flow)。在表面材料为碳-碳(C-C)条件下,对飞行高度为65km和飞行速度为8,10km/s的半球以及飞行高度为50km和飞行速度为8km/s的球锥模型,开展了表面温度分布与气动热的耦合计算,验证了计算方法和计算软件,分析了表面温度分布对气动热环境的影响。研究结果表明:表面温度分布对气动热的计算结果有较大影响,在气动热环境的预测中,不仅要考虑热化学非平衡效应和表面催化效应的影响,还要考虑表面温度分布的影响,最好是采用表面温度分布与气动热耦合计算的方法,以减小表面温度分布对气动热计算结果的影响。为此,需要发展完善非平衡流场/表面催化和烧蚀/热传导温度场(气/表/固)的计算模型、耦合求解技术和计算软件,实现对高超声速飞行器的真实飞行条件下高温气体非平衡效应和气动热环境的精确模拟。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

方波幅度的测量不确定度

介绍了用众数法评价方波幅度时的不确定度分析和评价过程；讨论了主要的不确定度来源，包括众数判别区间的影响、波形测量系统幅度测量误差的影响等等；给出了减小不确定度的主要措施，并结合一个实例，给出了方波幅度的不确定度评价结果。     

基于QPSO-ELM的某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型辨识

针对解析法建立某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型困难的问题,提出一种基于量子粒子群优化-极限学习机（QPSO-ELM）的某型涡轴发动机起动过程模型数据驱动辨识方法。首先构建基于状态空间法描述的某型涡轴发动机起动过程分段模型,然后结合发动机起动试验数据,采用QPSO-ELM算法对该起动模型进行辨识,试验结果表明：燃气发生器转子转速、发动机输出轴转速和燃气涡轮后温度的辨识结果都良好地逼近了实测数据,最大相对误差的均值分别为1.358%、1.628%和2.195%,满足实际应用的精度需求,并且QPSO-ELM的辨识精度优于极限学习机（ELM）、支持向量机（SVM）和反向传播（BP）神经网络。     

吸气式高超声速飞行器多学科动力学建模

高超声速飞行器一体化设计中存在气动/热/推进/结构弹性相互耦合的问题,首先根据飞行器的机体/发动机一体化设计思想构造了二维高超声速飞行器模型,并基于激波/膨胀波原理和动量定理建立了气动力模型,采用Chavez和Schmidt建立的超燃冲压发动机推进系统模型;在飞行器结构方面,引入变截面和变质量分布的自由梁结构模型,并采用Eckert参考焓方法分析的气动加热过程中承力梁不同轴向位置温度随时间变化特征,在此基础上运用模态法计算了燃料消耗和气动加热条件下结构的固有频率和振型特征,获得结构弹性变形的模型;最后建立了考虑热气动弹性和推进系统作用的飞行动力学方程。研究结果表明:质量变化对结构弹性特性影响比较显著,而气动加热的影响主要表现在振动频率方面,且会随着加热过程的持续而逐渐增强;结构变形会改变飞行器静配平状态,特别是在机体质量较大的最初飞行阶段,气动加热会强化结构变形对配平特征的影响;线性化系统的动力学特征分析表明,质量减小和结构变形均会增加短周期模态和振荡模态的不稳定特性,而对高度特性的影响不大,气动加热效应会进一步增加飞行力学和气动弹性的耦合特征,并导致弹性模态的稳定性降低。     

小振幅振动翼型升力迟滞环变向的成因分析

在低雷诺数条件下研究了SD7037翼型小振幅强迫振动时，振动轴位置和减缩频率对翼型气动特性的影响。通过升力系数随时间变化曲线与迎角随时间变化曲线的对比，发现引起升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环变向的原因主要是升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位发生变化，并从数学上证明了这个相位是关于减缩频率的函数。而且，当升力系数随时间变化曲线的相位变大时，会使得对应的升力系数随迎角变化的迟滞环曲线从逆时针向顺时针方向变化，这中间必然会经历一个"直线"过程，就好像迟滞现象消失了一样。进一步通过对比流场，发现振动轴位置和减缩频率对此相位的影响机制不同，振动轴位置主要改变翼型的有效迎角，而减缩频率的增大则影响了周围流场结构，使得附加质量带来的反作用力变大，进而提高升力，振动轴向前移动和减缩频率的增大都会增大升力系数曲线的相位。     

飞行器服役（作战）完整性的提出与发展

飞行器服役完整性（对于军用飞行器也称为作战完整性）更综合地表征了飞行器在服役（作战）使用过程中的质量特性。本文首先介绍了飞行器服役（作战）完整性概念的提出过程,讨论了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的基本内涵和基本特性,阐明了飞行器服役（作战）完整性是飞行器服役（作战）适用性与飞行器服役（作战）效能发挥的基础。然后介绍了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的三种表征参数：飞行器固有完好率、飞行器固有健康度、飞行器服役（作战）完整度,并梳理了飞行器服役（作战）完整性优化设计的基本方法。最后提出了飞行器服役（作战）完整性的控制原理,指出了飞行器服役（作战）完整性发展的基础、研究方法和目前我国航空航天领域急需研究和发展的方向。     

圆弧端齿对涡轮螺栓连接影响的数值研究

为验证某型民用航空发动机涡轮总体设计方案的可行性和安全性,以该型航空发动机涡轮的圆弧端齿连接结构为研究对象,利用有限元数值模拟方法研究了涡轮第1级盘与前轴之间采用圆弧端齿连接的设计对结构强度和疲劳失效的影响,分析了在高温及不同预紧力载荷工况下对圆弧端齿连接强度、疲劳等性能的影响规律.研究表明:该设计存在涡轮第1级盘与高压涡轮轴连接的外端齿分离而导致振动的风险,而增大预紧力可以提高螺栓连接传递荷载的能力,但螺栓孔边存在局部高应力问题.研究结果为圆弧端齿的设计方案提供了有效理论支撑和参考.