Sliding Window Detection Probabilities

A method is proposed for computing sliding window detection probabilities which have applications in track-while-scan acquisition logic and radar detection theory. The sliding window probability is the probability of achieving m successes out of n consecutive events at least once by the Nth opportunity. Expressions are derived for these probabilities as a function of N and p (the per-event success probability) for 1 ? n ? 4 and m ? n. Tabulated results are presented for the mean and standard deviation of the detection delay associated with each m/n logic.     

涡轮叶片多学科可靠性及稳健设计优化

为了得到一种适用于涡轮叶片复杂结构并同时考虑可靠性及稳健性的多学科设计优化方法,将6sig-ma可靠性及稳健设计优化方法与多学科可行方法(MDF)相结合,采用二阶Taylor展开法进行可靠性及稳健性分析,实现了涡轮叶片多学科6sigma可靠性及稳健设计优化。使用Kriging近似模型并不断提高模型精度,解决了多学科可行方法计算量较大的问题。实例分析表明,与确定性多学科设计优化相比,采用该方法得到的涡轮叶片可靠性及稳健性均有大幅度提高,同时设计目标最优,满足工程应用的要求,验证了该方法在工程应用中的可行性。     

基于自回归模型的自适应阈值算法

提出一种基于自回归模型的自适应阈值检测算法用于监测液体火箭发动机地面试验的稳态过程,该算法由两个阶段组成。第一阶段的检测算法阈值由不同试车台次的稳态参数测量值的自回归模型的估计值、标准偏差和带宽系数计算,第二阶段的检测算法阈值由稳态过程的参数均值的自回归模型的估计值、标准偏差和带宽系数计算。用某大型液体火箭发动机的地面试验数据进行验证,结果表明该算法能有效可靠地监测发动机的运行状态。      

点火药量对双脉冲固体火箭发动机点火过程影响

为了确定第二脉冲点火药量对双脉冲发动机点火过程的影响规律,以某双脉冲固体火箭发动机为模型,采用轴对称非定常Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-e湍流模型,对第二脉冲点火过程进行了仿真,研究了点火装置工作持续时间和点火燃气流量对于点火延迟的影响.研究结果表明:点火燃气流量相同时,增加点火装置工作持续时间可以有效减小第...     

Wideband channel model for aeronautical telemetry

A multipath channel model for wideband aeronautical telemetry links is presented. Channel sounding data were collected at Edwards AFB, CA, at both L-band and lower S-band. Frequency domain analysis techniques were used to evaluate candidate channel models. The channel model is composed of three propagation paths: a line-of-sight direct path and two specular reflections. The first specular reflection is characterized by a relative amplitude of 70% to 96% of the line-of-sight amplitude and a delay of 10-80 ns. This path is the result of "ground bounces" off the dry lake bed at Edwards and is a typical terrain feature at DoD test ranges located in the western United States. The amplitude and delay of this path are defined completely by the flight path geometry. The second path has much lower amplitude and a longer delay. The gain of this path is well modeled as a zero-mean complex Gaussian random variable. The relative amplitude is approximately 2% to 8% of the line-of-sight amplitude. The mean excess delay is 155 ns with an rms delay spread of 74 ns.     

A novel robust aerodynamic optimization technique coupled with adjoint solvers and polynomial chaos expansion

Uncertainty is common in the life cycle of an aircraft, and Robust Aerodynamic Optimization(RAO) that considers uncertainty is important in aircraft design. To avoid the curse of dimensionality in surrogate-based optimization, this study proposes an adjoint RAO technique called ‘‘R-Opt”. Polynomial Chaos Expansion(PCE) is coupled with the R-Opt technique to quantify uncertainty in the responses of the target(including its mean and standard deviation). Only one process of PCE model construction i...     

Statistical characteristics of spray autoignition of transient kerosene jet in cross flow

To study statistical characteristics of the random spray autoignition, aviation kerosene was injected transiently into non-vitiated air crossflow in a flow reactor with optical accesses. The operating conditions were relevant to gas turbine combustor: the air crossflow pressure and temperature were in the range of 1.4–1.7 MPa and 830–947 K, respectively, and the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios were 20, 50 and 80. Statistical distributions of random ignition delay times with adequate convergence were estimated based on histograms. The dependences of the distributions on reactor pressure, temperature, and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio were studied. The results show that the resulting distributions appear more concentrated with the increase of air temperature or jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. And then the correlations for the mean and standard deviation of the ignition delay time sample data were developed based on the present results. Compared with the correlations of ignition delay time of homogeneous premixed gas-phase kerosene/air mixture reported in the literature, the results show a greater significance pressure dependence and lower temperature sensitivity of the ignition delay time of non-premixed kerosene spray.     

不同压比状态下超声速射流冲击斜板的声场/流场特性

为研究超声速射流冲击斜板的噪声特性及声源特性,针对不同压比下,超声速射流流场及声场分别进行了高频PIV（particle image velocimetry)测量与远场噪声测量。PIV测量结果可观测到激波格栅形成过程以及冲击斜板对它的影响。声场测量结果可捕捉到自由射流与冲击射流中不同的纯音频率随压比增加的转变过程。通过一一对比各纯音模态与流场模态,可区分各纯音模态的声源特性。结果表明:当压比在2.0~3.2之间时,共出现五种纯音模态:A模态纯音频率为剪切层大尺度涡脱落频率,此时流场呈现同轴模态;d模态和e模态中纯音频率主要为冲击纯音频率,且e模态出现时流场转化为螺旋模态,这是一种不稳定模态;当压比大于等于2.53时,纯音模态稳定成单一模态B,B模态纯音频率为啸叫频率,其流场结构转化回同轴模态,啸叫频率对斜板的存在与否不敏感;啸叫频率随着压比的增加逐渐减小,其二次谐频在基频幅值较小的方向上会出现一个强声波辐射。      

机场终端区容流调配鲁棒优化模型

为解决机场不确定容量条件下的航班进离场流量分配问题,以容流调配策略在各情景下的规划外延误损失或多余延误损失的均值与标准差之和最小为目标,建立了终端区容流调配鲁棒优化模型;采用捕食搜索算法求解模型,以国内某机场终端区运行数据为例进行仿真验证,并与经典终端区容流调配模型进行比较,结果表明,鲁棒优化模型较好地实现了容流调配的鲁棒性,有效减少了不同情景下进离场航班延误的扰动。     

A Delay-Lock Loop for Tracking Pulsed-Envelope Signals

A sampled-data delay-lock loop (SDDLL) which tracks the arrival time of a biphase modulated, pulsed-envelope RF signal is described. A pseudo-noise (PN) code generator is used as the modulation source as in conventional delay-lock loop tracking devices. Time base shifting of the loop's local clock is performed by digital means. The technique permits the use of a stable-frequency clock to maintain accurate timing between timing correction instants. An expression is derived for the standard deviation of the timing error due to additive Gaussian noise at the SDDLL input. Experimental results are then given which include the effects of control-system quantization error on timing jitter. Assuming that the errors due to input noise and quantized timing corrections are independent and additive, the theoretical and experimental results agree to within approximately one decibel.     

How well does voice interaction work in space?

The methods and results of an evaluation of the Voice Navigator software package are discussed. The first phase or ground phase of the study consisted of creating, or training, computer voice files of specific commands. This consisted of repeating each of six commands eight times. The files were then tested for recognition accuracy by the software aboard the microgravity aircraft. During the second phase, both voice training and testing were performed in microgravity. Inflight training was done due to problems encountered in phase one which were believed to be caused by ambient noise levels. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Only one of the commands was found to offer consistently high recognition rates across subjects during the second phase     

Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

基于数字包络检波的RNSS通道时延标定方法

提出一种采用数字处理的时延测试方法,用于对导航卫星导航信号发射通道分数码片时延的精确测量。该方法是通过高速A/D（模/数）转换器,对导航卫星下行的BPSK（二进制相移键控）信号和卫星导航秒脉冲进行双通道采样,读取采样数据并进行数据处理。根据秒脉冲信号触发门限上升沿确定时延测量起点,对BPSK采样数据进行平方律检波,获取码片换相点,计算换相点和秒脉冲之间的分数码片时延,并进行滤波器时延校准,从而得到导航卫星发射链路的分数码片时延,该方法不需要进行伪随机信号的捕获和跟踪,测量精度主要取决于采样器采样率。通过在测试中使用一根校准电缆对该方法进行验证,验证结果表明,采用本文提出测试方法的测量误差优于0.3ns。     

Radar target tracking-Viterbi versus IMM

The performance of the Viterbi and the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithms, applied to radar tracking and detection, are investigated and compared. Two different cases are considered. In the first case, target acceleration is identical to one of the system models while in the second case it is not. The performance of the algorithms depends monotonically on the maximal magnitude of the difference between models acceleration, on the time interval between measurements, and on the reciprocal of the measurements error standard deviation. In general, when these parameters are relatively large, both algorithms perform well. When they are relatively small, the Viterbi algorithm is better. However, during delay periods, namely right after the start of a maneuver, the IMM algorithm provides better estimations     

高性能的标准单元库设计

从仿真和流片两个方面对标准单元库的验证方法进行了研究.在仿真方面,提出了采用静态时序分析工具和SPICE仿真工具对单元的估算值和仿真结果进行比较分析的方法来验证,同时还给出了具体的操作步骤实例.在流片验证中,提出了一种非常有效的电路结构.这种电路结构不但能够准确验证时序,还能极大地减少PAD数量;最重要的特点是:该电路能够完全避免PAD和非被测单元的引入带来的额外延迟,从而得到准确的被测单元延迟.     

节点外啮合齿轮胶合承载能力中平均摩擦因数的计算方法

分析了现有胶合承载能力计算中平均摩擦因数计算方法的不足之处,根据节点外啮合齿轮传动的啮合特点,以相关标准中渐开线圆柱齿轮的计算公式为基础,提出了一种更为合理且精度较高的平均摩擦因数计算方法,以满足节点外啮合齿轮胶合承载能力计算的需要.通过对内、外啮合副节点前啮合和节点后啮合实例的计算,得出除外啮合节点前啮合以外,利用标准计算得到的平均摩擦因数的误差都超过18.5%,而改进计算方法所得的误差都在6.5%之内,证实了这种改进的平均摩擦因数计算方法具有更高的精度,而且这一计算方法也适用于标准齿轮传动.      

调频调相应答机距离零值测量新方法

叙述了分频调制度变换器的工作原理和时延测量。提出了根据测量FM信号源大频偏调制与小频偏调制的时延差来挑选出恒时延FM信号源,采用恒时延FM调制器构成FM—PM应答机（或FM—PM测距地面站）距离零值测量方法和设备,这是FM—PM体制侧音测距系统的一种距离零值测量新方法;提出了采用分频调制度变换器和非恒时延FM信号源构成FM—PM应答机（或FM-PM测距地面站）距离零值测量方法及设备。     

燃烧加热类高超声速高温风洞流场校测与评估

为建立统一的燃烧加热类高超声速高温风洞流场品质评价标准,针对国内6座不同喷管出口直径的燃烧加热类高超声速高温风洞,从统一的皮托压探针、总温探针和流场校测排架设计出发,分别研制了流场校测装置,完成了典型试验状态的流场校测试验。根据相同的数据处理和分析方法得到了相关风洞喷管出口截面的速度场、温度场及均匀区信息。6座风洞速度场均匀区直径分别对应喷管出口直径的73.3%、76.5%、75.0%、80.0%、74.7%、83.3%。根据各风洞流场校测结果,初步掌握了国内同类型风洞流场品质整体水平,提出了当前燃烧加热类高超声速高温风洞流场品质参考评价指标。对于马赫数4.5~6.0的试验状态,风洞速度场均匀区直径应不小于喷管出口直径的70%,均匀区内马赫数标准偏差与平均马赫数的比值应小于2%,总温标准偏差与平均总温的比值应小于5%。     

基于微核结构的可二次开发语音平台

随着电子商务、客户服务等信息服务的普遍化,为了满足各种商业以及服务系统的需求,语音服务作为电信领域备受关注的一个热点,其应用领域也越来越广泛。本语音平台是基于语音技术,整合了网络资源,使用VoiceXML描述和控制语音逻辑的一种交互式服务系统。其特点是信息获取快速准确,以及客户服务多样化越来越明显。可广泛应用于证券电话委托、电话银行、信息查询、语音信箱、自动传呼系统、多功能小型用户交换机等领域。     

Moments of Estimated Input Power for Finite Sample Averages of Radar Receiver Outputs

Closed-form solutions for all the estimated power moments as a function of the number of independent samples were found for the linear and logarithmic receiver. Incoming signal envelope distribution is assumed to be Rayleigh. The estimates' expected value and standard deviations are plotted and compared with those of a square-law receiver. It is shown that the bias in the expected value for both receivers depends on the number of samples. Only when the number of samples is large does the bias become constant, and the standard deviation around the unbiased mean becomes inversely proportional to the square root of the number of samples. The logarithmic receiver produces the largest standard deviation. When the input samples are dependent, an expansion of the method is suggested to obtain approximate moments.