Hard Limiting and Sequential Detection Applied to Loran-C

The combination of an antenna, a 100 kHz bandpass filter, a hard limiter, and a sequential detector can supply highly accurate Loran-C data to a digital processor, even under low signal-to-noise-ratio conditions. For such a simple, low-cost receiver, calculations are given for the accuracy of the envelope and phase tracking of the Loran-C signal as a function of the signal-to-noise (Gaussian and atmospheric) ratio, averaging time, and radian speed of the observer with respect to the transmitter. Mentioned are the quasi-noise censoring effects of the hard limiter. Besides the Loran-C application, the hard limiter-sequential detector system can in general be applied for low-cost, synchronous signal detection under poor signal-to-noise ratio.     

Analysis of GPS and Loran-C performance for land vehicle navigationin the Canadian Rockies

Loran-C and GPS were assessed for vehicular navigation along selected roads of British Columbia during the winter of 1991. The general topography of this mountainous area is described, together with the specific topographic features and tree coverage characteristics of the 2000 km of roads tested on the mainland and on Vancouver Island. The configuration and characteristics of the Loran C Canadian West Coast chain along the roads used are described. The portable vehicle-mounted system used to collect and analyze the Loran-C and GPS signals along road profiles is described. The performance of Loran-C is analyzed in terms of signal to noise ratios (SNR), field strength, and time-difference distortions, as measured by differential GPS. These distortions, which can reach several hundred meters over distances of less than 20 km, are analyzed in terms of topographic features. The possibility of using these time-independent distortions to calibrate Loran-C for use along the above roads is discussed. Masking of GPS signals due to topographic features and tree coverage along the roads is analyzed. A comparative analysis of both Loran-C and GPS is presented in terms of signal availability and accuracy     

Eigen-decomposition techniques for Loran-C skywave estimation

Eigen-decomposition spectral analysis techniques are used to estimate the delays of Loran-C skywaves. Their performance is evaluated and compared with that of Fourier-based techniques. Results using off-air data are presented. This work establishes the basis on which to design a Loran-C receiver capable of adjusting its sampling point adaptively to the optimal value in a constantly changing skywave environment. Such receivers promise to improve significantly the accuracy and reliability of positioning under adverse operational conditions.     

MAP-CA在视频压缩中的应用

信息时代的重要特征是信息的数字化,但数字化的视频数据量是非常巨大的。为了使数字化的视频信号更有效地传输,对其进行压缩势在必行。应用MAP-CA这个DSP芯片可以对视频图像进行MPEG-4标准的压缩,压缩比可以达到1000:1。在公用电话线上就可以连续传输视频,并能保持图像的质量,最高图像清晰度为768×576,可以达到接近DVD的画面效果。     

Filtering of discontinuous processes arising in marine integratednavigation systems

A refined stochastic model for the errors of the Loran-C radio navigation aid is described, and it is shown how this model can be used to improve the performance of integrated navigation systems. In addition to the usual propagation errors, Loran-C time of arrival measurements are occasionally plagued with sudden intermittent errors of a particular magnitude and caused by receiver cycle selection errors. These result in sudden large jumps in the calculated position solution. The Loran-C error has been modeled as the sum of a diffusion process, representing the normal propagating errors, and a pure jump process of Poisson type, representing the cycle selection errors. A simple integrated navigation system is then described, based on the Loran-C model and the standard dead reckoning (heading and speed) system model. Assuming that the observed process is governed by a linear stochastic difference equation, a recursive linear unbiased minimum variance filter is developed, from which the Loran-C and dead reckoning errors, and hence position and velocity, can be estimated     

Loran-C cycle identification in hard-limiting receivers

A new technique is presented for use in hard-limiting receivers. It is based on the widely used analogue “half-cycle peak ratio” (HCPR) technique, from which it differs by being entirely digital; no additional analogue signal processing or other hardware is required. Drawing on recent advances, the new method makes decisions based on a large number of sample points in each Loran-C pulse, thereby increasing the resilience of the identification process in the presence of noise. Performance of the algorithm in the face of continuous-wave interference is equal to or better than that of other cycle-identification techniques     

Automatic Checkout and Monitoring in the AN TPQ-27 Radar System

This paper describes automatic monitoring equipment built in to a precision tracking radar system to detect and isolate faults. The purpose of the monitoring equipment is to minimize the mean time to repair faults and to exercise the overall system for pre-mission alignment and calibration. In addition, it is used to periodically check for performance degradation in key areas of the system. The paper describes the design approach used to meet the above requirements. Three types of signals are monitored: analog, digital, and switch closure. A list of each type is given and the technique used to monitor each is described. The design approach for pre-mission alignment and calibration is outlined. Tests performed are: RF alignment of the boresight axis, range tracking accuracy, angle servo calibration and accuracy, and receiver figure of merit measurements.     

惯性平台全数字温控系统设计与实现

惯性平台系统的导航精度会受到环境温度的影响,采用温控系统为平台提供稳定的工作温度能有效解决这一问题。本文将安装于台体的前端模拟温度采集电路改为数字温度采集电路,并采用数字总线传输,消除了模拟温度采集信号长距离传输引起的噪声和漂移。为了兼顾加温过程和温控精度,温控系统采用了分级、分段的控制策略。同时对温控系统进行了数字化设计,针对平台温控系统这种具有明显滞后性的被控对象,采用了带有遇限削弱积分法的无静差PID控制,有效克服了积分饱和对大滞后系统的影响。仿真和实验表明,通过采用全数字化设计,温控系统可以达到所要求的快速启动、输出稳定及温控精度要求。     

北斗／罗兰-C组合定位技术

“北斗一号”是我国的卫星导航系统,其有源定位模式使其很难得到广泛应用。为此,提出了一种北斗／罗兰-C组合定位方案以实现无源定位。该方案利用“北斗一号”两颗卫星和地面罗兰-C台站获得的距离差信息实现双曲线相交定位。仿真结果表明,该方案的精度可以满足一般定位要求,具有较强的实用性。     

互补编码导航信号的一种设计方法

本文叙述了互补编码导航信号的一种设计方法。证明了按此法构成的编码可保证时分多台导航系统在信号搜索过程中能自动识别主、副台,在信号跟踪过程中能抑制多次反射天波对地波的干扰。并给出了编码实例。     

A New Algorithm for Strapped-Down Inertial Navigation

When a whole-number digital computer, rather than an incremental digital computer, is used to solve the strapped-down inertial navigation computational problem, the approximate direct solution of the direction-cosines matrix equation is no longer the optimal algorithm. The Euler parameters are demonstrated to afford improved accuracy and reduced computation time when used in an appropriate algorithm. A new method of classifying the transformation errors is developed and used.     

Microminiature Loran-C Receiver/Indicator

A Loran-C Receiver is used as an example to show how an analog system could be converted to a digital one to take advantage of the expanding integrated circuit technology. The digital equivalents of the analog servo elements are described. Criteria for the design of a phase-tracking servomechanism is developed in detail. The Loran performance requirements are used to illustrate their application. The noise performance of a critically damped Type II servomechanism is derived in detail. Since the system will be employed in aircraft, tracking velocity becomes an important consideration. An analysis is made showing that an adaptive control is desirable.     

Wide-Aperture Digital VOR

The very high frequency (VHF) omnirange has undergone a number of evolutionary changes in the past 30 years. Early measurements of large errors led to the development of the Doppler VHF omnidirectional irectioal range (VOR) and its use. Further developments have been the precision multilobe VOR and the precision Doppler VOR. Interest in area navigation has led to the desire for a VOR greatly superior to any so far developed. Specifically, the objectives of the improved VOR would be a system that would significantly reduce magnitude of siting errors, provide greater accuracy and use digital techniques to simplify processing. ssing. The wide-aperture digital VOR described herein has been developed to meet these objectives. Its design is based on the crossed-pair interferometer principle where eight such pairs are energized successively by a set of pulses and phase shifts. The time multiplexed signal, detected by the aircraft receiver, is processed and simple digital computations are performedto determine the angular coordinates. The performance improvements have been achieved by the combination of using a 275-ft antenna aperture, and the use of digital techniques to generate the ground-radiated navigational signals and to process them in the airborne processor. Field tests of the feasibility model indicate it is a high performance ance system, capable of achieving an order of magnitude improvement in both site error reduction and in accuracy compared to present VOR systems. The measured accuracies were 0.11-degree standard deviation.     

无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制技术在血泵中的应用

针对血泵要求电机控制系统硬件电路简单、速度控制精确、稳定可靠等特点,本文论述了基于可编程逻辑芯片XC3S400的无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制系统,介绍了无位置传感器电机控制的反电势过零测转子位置、速度闭环控制.软件结合了增量式PID算法的优点,实现精确稳定的速度闭环控制.经过溶血与动物试验结果表明,本控制系统调速性能好、稳定可靠,对血泵溶血、动物试验的长期运行起到了很好的保障,该控制系统已应用于实际的产品中.     

焊缝射线检测智能化评定系统研制

目前X射线检测存在检测底片难于长时间保存、对操作人员依赖性强等不足,底片检测信息处理智能化水平较低。随着搅拌摩擦焊、激光焊等新方法的应用,制造业数字化车间的建设,对缺陷检测、质量检测信息的有效保存、处理也提出了更高的要求。为解决轨道车辆车体焊接结构内部缺陷检测可视化、自动化的需求,研发高质量的X射线检测底片扫描技术、先进的信息处理技术,开发X射线检测底片的数字化及自动化评定技术,实现底片有效信息的无损数字化,底片缺陷自动搜寻、测量与分类,研发国内首套高速列车射线底片智能化评定系统,提升X射线检测技术的信息化、自动化水平,实现底片自动化评定。相关技术可向航空航天产品进行推广。     

基于apFFT的罗兰-C窄带干扰频域抑制方法

针对现有罗兰-C接收机普遍采用固定陷波电路抑制窄带干扰的情况,提出了基于全相位谱分析(apFFT)的频域精确自适应陷波罗兰-C窄带干扰抑制方法,设计了基于双相移组合全相位法的FIR频域陷波器。在对窄带干扰进行精确谱分析的基础上,设计相应频点的陷波器对多个窄带干扰进行抑制。基于MATLAB的仿真结果表明:该方法能够根据罗兰-C窄带干扰频率的变化,实现频点任意控制的频域自适应陷波,有效恢复出罗兰-C信号,为增强型罗兰-C接收机的设计提供了一种简单有效的窄带干扰抑制方法。     

基于CompactRIO的HL2A环向场电流控制

基于LabVIEW图形化编程语言,以NI公司PAC产品系列中的CompactRIO为硬件平台,研制出一套适用于脉冲工作模式的励磁调节器。该调节器以工业PC作为上位机,由嵌入式系统构成下位机,实时监测和控制每一次等离子体放电期间的工作状态。利用数字式增量PID算法对环向场电流进行反馈控制,控制周期为1 ms。实际运行结果表明:研制的调节器具有控制精度高、稳定可靠等优点。     

复合材料结构的低功耗冲击区域监测方法

复合材料凭借优异性能而被广泛应用于民用飞机结构,但复合材料结构可能会因冲击而产生内部损伤并严重降低结构的性能。因此,以低功耗方法不间断地对飞行器复合材料结构进行冲击监测就显得尤为关键。面向机载提出了一种基于反向加权和的低功耗冲击区域定位算法,该算法基于数字化冲击监测原理,依据冲击响应数字序列进行冲击事件的区域定位。算法运算过程简单高效,便于通过嵌入式软件编程至核心处理器,并显著减少在核心处理器执行算法所需的功耗、时间和存储空间,有利于冲击监测系统的低功耗设计和应用。此外,将算法应用在低功耗小型化冲击监测系统中,并评估了冲击区域定位算法在复合材料机翼盒段结构上的准确率。评估结果显示,低功耗冲击区域监测方法可以准确的监测每次冲击事件,且冲击区域定位准确率达到了96%。     

Carrier-wave interference to Loran-C: a statistical evaluation

Loran-C is a pulsed, hyperbolic radio aid for long-range marine, air, and land navigation. The worldwide expansion of Loran-C, especially in Europe, has focused attention on carrier-wave interference to the system. The effects of a multiplicity of carrier-wave interferers (CWIs) on receiver timing measurement accuracy are considered. Both the phase tracking and the cycle-selection performance of receivers are quantified in terms of the probabilities that they will operate correctly within the arbitrarily set error limits. Characteristic functions (CFs) are used to compute these probabilities. Analyses and results are presented for typical situations. The relative sensitivity of the phase tracking and cycle-selection functions to interfering signals are discussed     

天文-惯性组合式导航系统及星体跟踪器研制

 纯惯性导航或多普勒导航的一个共同缺点是:一般都具有随时问或距离增长的位置误差,这就需要有一个外基准系统。为了满足现代飞行器导航所要求的高精度和可靠性,组合式导航已成为近代导航系统发展的一种趋势。文中提供的天文-惯性组合系统,在物理意义上是一种较为合理的和比较精确的组合形式,在现代各类飞行器上有着重要的特珠用途。天文导航中的星体跟踪器是这种组合形式获得量测信息的主要设备。本文总结了国内第一台自行设计的自动星体跟踪器的研究设计方法和解决主要技术关键的措施,列出了有关公式。试验结果证明设计是合理的,达到了夜间地面能跟踪二等以上星体,白昼一定亮度背景条件下能跟踪亮星的预定性能指标。