茅台机场平流雾特征分析

为了正确认识茅台机场平流雾特征及其对机场飞行安全的影响,利用机场地面观测资料,对2017年11月—2021年6月的平流雾事件的时序变化特征及气象要素特征进行分析。结果表明,平流雾事件主要发生在11月至次年1月,明显日出前后发生频率较高,下午到日落时发生频率最低。机场盛行110°左右风和290°左右风,290°左右风与平流雾形成密切相关,尤其在平流雾高发期间,风速越大、湿度越高,能见度越差。温度在5～10℃时,平流雾能见度最差,气温低于0℃时,能见度有转好的倾向。     

基于DEM的广东省赤红壤全氮含量与地形特征相关分析

以土壤类型图、地形图、全氮图等资料为数据源,利用ArcGIS 9.2建立广东省赤红壤数字高程模型(DEM),提取海拔高度、坡度、坡向和地势起伏度,探索大尺度下全氮分布与地形特征的关系.研究表明:全氮含量与海拔高度、坡度和地势起伏度呈负相关关系,并随着海拔高度、坡度和地势起伏度的上升分布面积迅速下降,在坡向上,则主要分布于平坦区域和东南坡.     

考虑雷暴气象细分因子的航班延误集成学习预测

雷暴天气对机场航班延误的影响较为显著,早期的航班延误预测模型通常将雷暴的影响因素看作单一的0-1变量,缺乏对雷暴气象因子的进一步细分,导致现有航班延误模型在恶劣天气下的预测效果不佳。选取国内两个机场全年的航班计划数据,基于机场的天气雷达数据提取了12个雷暴气象细分因子。在此基础上,采用随机森林算法计算各雷暴气象细分因子...     

自适应核模式分析方法及其在航空发动机部件性能衰退识别中的应用

针对测量数据因其部件之间的耦合不能有效识别各个部件性能衰退程度的问题,提出一种基于性能修正因子核模式分析的发动机部件性能衰退识别方法,并能与传感器测量偏差区分开。首先将传感器测量数据输入到自适应模型中去,产生一组用于识别部件性能衰退的修正因子。将修正因子参考模式通过核模式映射到高维特征空间中去,在此可分(基本可分)空间中完成识别。考虑到修正因子参考模式在高维空间中映射的像呈带状分布,几何距离不能有效识别,基于此采用神经网络方法对模式进行识别。识别成功率达到94.34%。进一步分析了特征约简的输入维数对识别效果的影响以及所提方法的泛化能力。考查了噪声对模式识别的影响,得到幅值3%以内的噪声对识别结果无明显影响。证明了“自适应模型+核模式分析+神经网络”识别方法是可行的。      

民用机场航站楼群体性事件预警研究

由于我国民航业的迅速发展,民航运输服务质量越来越被看重,并且被纳入了国家“十三五”规划纲要。而民用机场航站楼群体性事件的发生严重妨碍了民航运输服务质量的提升,并且给机场、航空公司和社会都会带来恶劣的影响。因此,对民用机场航站楼群体性事件进行提前预判研究,避免其带来的严重后果具有很深的现实意义。通过运用模糊综合评价的方法,选取航班平均延误时间、机场航空公司处置措施、人群密度以及人群聚类外形作为评价指标,依据变异系数法确定指标权重,建立民用机场航站楼群体性事件预警体系。通过国内某机场实例检验,表明模型有约80%的预警正确率,可以提供有效的决策辅助。     

基于飞行超限事件的飞行安全评估模型

为了提高航空公司对飞行安全的管理水平,建立了影响飞行安全的飞行超限事件层次结构模型,去除评价指标中定性的描述,使指标通过飞行超限事件发生率进行量化。利用改进的层次分析法（AHP）一致性校验算法,使AHP在给定的判断矩阵下,不需经过一致性检验,能够直接给出所要求的权重值,保证判断矩阵的一致性。通过对飞行超限事件历史数据进行飞行超限事件发生率统计,利用静态评价和动态评价分析飞行安全,并在．NET平台实现了评估模型,仿真实例验证结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于Logistic方法的鸟撞对飞行安全的影响分析

为了掌握鸟撞事件中各类因素对飞行安全影响的规律,采用无序多分类Logistic回归,对鸟撞事件中影响飞行的因素进 行分析。数据来源为美国联邦航空局公开的1990～2015年飞机遭遇野生动物（主要为鸟）撞击的数据库。对数据库中的数据进 行了简单的剔除和筛选,确定了包含13种影响因素、4种对飞行产生的影响在内的44837条记录;将确定的13个影响因素作为回 归变量,4种影响作为响应变量。采用方差扩大因子法,借助SAS软件对回归变量进行多重共线性诊断。结果表明：回归变量间并 无明显的共线性关系。应用SAS软件进行最大似然估计,进而对得到的参数估计结果进行分析;获得显著影响飞行的因素为鸟的 数量及大小、飞行高度、飞行速度、飞机质量、发动机数量、季节、飞行阶段、日中时间、飞行员被警告与否。为航空公司和机场等相 关单位的决策制定提供一定的指导。     

机场场面关键节点风险评估方法

为评估机场场面关键节点风险等级,提出了一种场面关键节点风险评估方法。结合复杂网络指标提取场面关键节点构建网络模型,从时间和空间两个角度选取风险评估指标,构建场面关键节点风险评估模型,探究时间和空间因素对于机场场面冲突热点的影响,对冲突热点区域进行风险等级划分,找出关键冲突热点区域。以深圳宝安机场为例,基于AirTop仿真数据对机场关键节点进行风险评估,结果表明,考虑时空分布特征对机场场面进行风险等级划分,可以更有效更准确地识别热点区域,为机场场面运行安全提供参考。     

基于实际出行大数据的旅客机场选择行为研究——以京津冀机场群为例

旅客的机场选择行为对机场发展具有重要影响,机场群内部由于腹地市场重叠和航线网络类似,旅客航空出行选择更为广泛,选择行为更为复杂。本文以京津冀机场群为例,基于实际出行大数据,采用双层多项式Logit(MNL)模型,研究区域多机场体系中影响旅客航空出行机场选择的关键因素及其具体影响。采用实际出行大数据建模,比常用的SP(Stated Preference意向调查)数据更贴合实际。研究结果表明航空旅客对于时间成本类因素更为敏感,不同区域人群对票价敏感程度呈现差异,航线类型、航班频次、机场准点性等都对旅客选择产生重要影响。基于研究结果,论文对如何促进机场群协同和差异化发展提出了建议。     

试论重庆江北机场建设Ⅱ类仪表着陆系统的必要性

为了加强通信导航设施的建设,提高机场的地面保障能力,全国各大机场相继投入巨资,购置通信导航设备,改善通信导航条件,以满足航空运输发展的需要。近年来,为了提高机场的利用率,提高航班正常性,降低飞行的天气标准,减少天气原因对飞行的影响,一些较大机场纷纷提出在“九五”期间建设Ⅱ类仪表着陆系统,民航总局有关部门在“九五”期间规划建设Ⅱ类仪表着陆系统的机场也有10多个。笔者认为,在“九五”期间建设Ⅱ类     

中欧枢纽机场航班协同放行需求与对策研究

随着中欧之间航空运输量的不断增加,中欧几个主要枢纽机场之间互飞的航班量增长迅速,从欧洲空中交通流量管理系统发展的经验来看,协调枢纽机场航班放行时间可以显著地减少空域拥挤,减少航班延误,提高航班的正常性和可预测性.尝试从分析中国北京首都机场等几大枢纽机场中欧之间航班飞行流量、起降时刻出发,从减少中国枢纽机场拥挤的角度分析中欧协同放行的必要性,从航班和机场信息共享、协同放行机制等角度分析其可行性,以期望为进一步加强中欧航空合作打下基础.由于时间和数据限制,研究无法从欧洲空管角度做出类似的分析.     

A geographical and operational deep graph convolutional approach for flight delay prediction

Flight delay prediction has attracted great interest in civil aviation community due to its significant role in airline planning, flight scheduling, airport operation, and passenger service. Flight delay is affected by numerous factors and irregularly propagates in air transportation networks owing to flight connectivity, which brings critical challenges to accurate flight delay prediction. In recent years, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have become popular in flight delay prediction due to the advantage in extracting complicated relationships. However, most of the existing GCN-based methods have failed to effectively capture the spatial–temporal information in flight delay prediction. In this paper, a Geographical and Operational Graph Convolutional Network (GOGCN) is proposed for multi-airport flight delay prediction. The GOGCN is a GCN-based spatial–temporal model that improves node feature representation ability with geographical and operational spatial–temporal interactions in a graph. Specifically, an operational aggregator is designed to extract global operational information based on the graph structure, while a geographical aggregator is developed to capture the similar nature among spatially close airports. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with a satisfying accuracy improvement.     

飞机进近着陆系统电磁环境建模与仿真

针对现代导航着陆系统附近电磁环境复杂及机场可用空间的日益缩小的现状,提出了用电磁环境建模和仿真的方法来预测和分析电磁散射对着陆系统影响.根据这一方法可以计算出飞机在进近路径上各点的导航参量的变化.实验结果表明,其仿真结果在实际的应用中具有一定的借鉴作用.     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

Empirical analysis of airport network and critical airports

Air transport network, or airport network, is a complex network involving numerous airports. Effective management of the air transport system requires an in-depth understanding of the roles of airports in the network. Whereas knowledge on air transport network properties has been improved greatly, methods to find critical airports in the network are still lacking. In this paper, we present methods to investigate network properties and to identify critical airports in the network. A novel network model is proposed with airports as nodes and the correlations between traffic flow of airports as edges. Spectral clustering algorithm is developed to classify airports. Spatial distribution characteristics and intraclass correlation of different categories of airports are carefully analyzed. The analyses based on the fluctuation trend of distance-correlation and power spectrum of time series are performed to examine the self-organized criticality of the network. The results indicate that there is one category of airports which dominates the self-organized critical state of the network. Six airports in this category are found to be the most important ones in the Chinese air transport network. The flights delay occurred in these six airports can propagate to the other airports, having huge impact on the operation characteristics of the entire network. The methods proposed here taking traffic dynamics into account are capable of identifying critical airports in the whole air transport network.     

Data communications concept for a SATS scenario

The small aircraft transportation system (SATS) concept envisions doorstop to destination transportation in a safe and timely manner. Data communications are a key component in achieving the aviation-related operational performance improvements that are sought. However, data communication doesn't start when you get into the aircraft; it starts back at the location where the flight is planned. In fact, data communications support the pilot in all phases of the flight: flight planning, pre-flight, departure, en route, transition, approach, landing, and rollout as well as for a missed approach. The Internet is being used to perform flight planning activities, and the mobile communications available today support Internet access en route to the departure airfield. On-board the aircraft, data communications provide surveillance and air traffic control (ATC) support to the pilot. The location of other aircraft is available to the pilot and ATC system through automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) and traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) applications that transmit the location of other aircraft in the vicinity. Other aircraft locations are used to forecast potential conflicts and, thus, enhance flight safety. As the aircraft nears a SATS-equipped airfield, the pilot uses data link messages to request a landing sequence. The airport management module (AMM) provides a landing sequence assignment to the aircraft. As the pilot maneuvers the aircraft for a landing, he/she is using data-linked surveillance data to determine the location of other aircraft and maintain a safe separation distance between aircraft even in a low visibility environment.     

基于ICAO起降模型的中国机场飞机排污计算研究

结合ICAO机场排放计算方法,在考虑3种主要气体污染物HC、CO和NOx的情况下,提出了适合中国机场飞机排放污染物的计算方法。该方法基于国际民航组织（ICAO）规定的标准起飞着陆（LTO）循环的模型,采用ICAO发动机排放数据库（ICAO aircraft engine emissions databank）,通过搜集中国民航机队的飞机／发动机配置信息及所列机场航班计划表,计算出机场污染物年排放量。     

A320驾驶舱人为错误的管理

防止驾驶舱人为错误是保障飞行安全的有效措施。根据Helmreich操作类型分类法,统计分析了国航浙江公司A320飞机QAR三级超限事件连续三年的数据,并结合问题调查等数据,对该公司的人为错误进行研究,并给出了可操作性的人为错误管理策略,探索了利用QAR数据开展航空公司人为错误研究的方法,为国航浙江公司A320飞机的人为错误管理提出了建议。对提高飞行安全减小人为错误具有积极意义。     

动基座近舰面流场数值模拟

航母尾迹流场对舰载机的着舰有较大影响,所以需要对其流场特点进行研究,分析不同状态下舰载机气动特性的变化。采用嵌套网格技术对航母处于垂荡状态下无人机的着舰进行了模拟。首先,利用SFS2舰船进行数值计算,验证了舰船流场的数值模拟方法。然后,对比了单独无人机定常与非定常计算结果,表明所建立的嵌套网格适用于无人机流场的模拟。接着,对航母单相流和两相流的流场结果进行了分析,结果显示甲板下方的流动对甲板上方流场没有大的影响。因此,忽略了水的影响只对航母在空气流场中的特性进行研究,结果表明航母尾迹非定常特性明显,静止航母下滑轨迹上的速度均处于周期性波动状态,且波动幅值随着远离航母而逐渐衰减;而在垂荡情况下航母尾迹变得更加紊乱,水平方向速度波动的周期性减弱,但垂向速度的波动幅值进一步增大。对于静止航母,无人机在不同时刻着舰气动特性的变化也存在差异;当航母处于垂荡状态时,无人机的升力和俯仰力矩在短时间内会有更大的波动。     

基于空中交通密度的进场航班动态协同排序方法

为适应协同决策（CDM）需要，考虑空管、航空公司和机场的诉求，对进场航班动态协同排序问题进行了系统的研究。设计了一种进场航班动态排序方法，提出了一种时隙交换方法，建立了基于空中交通密度的进场航班协同排序模型，设计了精英保留的遗传算法和带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法以求解所建模型，寻求进场航班动态协同排序的最优解。仿真结果表明，较基于滚动时域控制（RHC）方法，动态协同方法所得结果与排序开始时间无关，所需排序次数平均减少26.4%，且排序效率更高。较先到先服务（FCFS）方法，动态协同方法在高密度条件下各排序阶段最后一个进场航班的落地时间平均提前199.8 s；中密度条件下各排序阶段航班延误总时间平均减少29.9%，航班延误均衡性平均提高34.4%；低密度条件在航班正常率及航班延误公平性得到保证的前提下，满足时隙交换规则的排序阶段均增加了1种进场航班排序模式。所提方法可对进场航班进行优化排序，显著提高跑道容量，有效提升航班延误均衡性和航班延误公平性，契合协同决策理念，可实现三方协同排序。