民机电传飞控系统安全性设计与验证

目前CCAR25部的规章要求主要针对传统机械操纵飞机,随着电传飞控系统(Fly by Wire,以下简称FBW)在现代民机上的广泛应用,在控制指令的数字信号完整性、AC 25.1309等效安全等方面产生了一些新的适航要求,以达到传统设计相同的或等效的安全水平。介绍了民机电传飞控系统安全性评估过程,然后针对电传飞控系统安全性设计特点,总结了适用的适航要求和符合性验证方法。     

Aircraft flight control system design under state and controlbounds

Sophisticated control configurations are needed to meet the mission and pilotage requirements for advanced aircraft. The required vehicle performance during low altitude, low speed and high angle of attack flight, all-weather, day and night operations must be achieved, and new control technologies should be developed. This work presents a systematic control design philosophy for flight control systems when the state variables and control inputs are bounded by the prespecified constraints. The design procedure uses the dynamic programming concept. The fundamental idea involves minimization of nonquadratic functionals. A new representation of constraints is proposed using the smooth functions. The advantages of the synthesis approach are presented. To illustrate the design methodology the longitudinal control configuration for the F-18 fighter is synthesized     

飞机操纵系统优化设计软件开发与运动仿真

飞机发动机操纵系统和舵面操纵系统通常采用连杆机构传递运动。本文介绍了飞机操纵系统的通用优化设计软件———ACSODS软件。本软件可根据传动系统的设计要求,对传动系统的各参数进行优化设计,同时生成系统运动的动态仿真图,因此,可以大大缩短传动系统的设计周期和设计费用。软件操作简便,界面友好,有较好的人机对话式的交互功能,并具有直观形象的设计特点,为设计者提供了一个高效、实用的设计平台。通过与实际系统的比较,设计结果完全能满足系统的要求。     

翼伞空投系统的动力学建模与飞行控制仿真

针对翼伞系统设计及翼伞归航方案的研究需求,提出翼伞系统动力学建模与仿真分析方法,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS对翼伞空投系统飞行动力学过程进行了计算.针对翼伞系统精确空投任务,利用分段归航方法规划翼伞系统飞行轨迹并搭建PID控制系统对翼伞系统的飞行轨迹进行控制.结果表明:翼伞系统受到单侧下偏操纵时,影响的是翼伞系统的转弯性能,翼伞的飞行轨迹为螺旋形曲线,并且翼伞系统在下降过程中,其转弯半径保持不变,分段归航方法简单,易于实现,满足翼伞归航对落点精度的要求.     

Flight control system design and optimisation with a genetic algorithm

A design procedure for a flight control system is here presented. An optimisation process, based on a genetic algorithm, is used to meet the frequency domain handling qualities requirements for the longitudinal plane. The parameters are implemented as fitness functions related to the expected magnitude of bandwidth and delay. The impact of the parametric shaping of the fitness functions on the search and optimisation process is also evaluated. The dynamic response of the augmented aircraft is obtained for a realistic simulation case, validated after comparison with reference test data. The bandwidth and the delay of the longitudinal short term attitude response are estimated before and after the inclusion of the flight control system in the simulation model, and the parameters are compared with the expected handling qualities levels. The feasibility of the design process is demonstrated and the overall performance of the generation process is analyzed.     

舰载飞机着舰精确轨迹控制研究

针对舰载机着舰过程的精确航迹控制要求,利用现有机上的控制设备,采用系统综合设计的方法,给出了两种航迹控制系统———风参考航迹控制系统和惯性参考航迹控制系统,通过仿真分析,给出了系统的性能差异。     

某型飞机CAS设计中的飞行力学问题

介绍了飞行力学在某型飞机控制增稳系统设计中的研究和应用。综合评述了飞行品质规范和飞行品质计算方法在控制增稳系统设计中的应用情况,从飞行力学的角度着重讨论了系统设计中存在的一些问题及其解决方法,同时,结合地面模拟试验和试飞中暴露的有关问题,提出了控制增稳系统进一步发展和改进的意见。     

Impact of mission requirements and constraints on conceptual launch vehicle design

The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of mission requirements and constraints on both the optimum vehicle design and the effects on flight path selection for two types of reusable two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles. The first vehicle type considered provides horizontal take-off and landing capabilities and is intended to be propelled by an airbreathing propulsion system during stage 1 flight. The second vehicle type assumes a vertical launch and is accelerated by a rocket propulsion system during the booster stage ascent flight. The analysis employs a design tool for simultaneous system and mission optimization. It consists of a CAD-based preliminary vehicle design tool, aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic calculation software, flight simulation programs, and a two-level decomposition optimization algorithm enabling simultaneous system and flight optimization. The results to be presented show that the cruise flight requirement for an European launched mission of the airbreathing vehicle results in a loss of 60 % payload mass as compared to a mere accelerated ascent for a near equatorial mission into the same target orbit assuming constant take-off mass. The strong dependencies of mission requirements on both the optimal vehicle design and the ascent performance are determined for the rocket-powered vehicle type by varying the inclination and altitude of the target orbit.     

A methodology for multi-objective design assessment and flight control synthesis tuning

Flight control law design is a multi-variable control problem where various strict requirements from multiple disciplines have to be satisfied. This paper describes quality function deployment and its use in multi-objective control synthesis tuning and design assessment, with application to flight control design. The main feature of this methodology is that the various kinds of design objectives can be taken into account in their most natural form and design alternatives can be assessed most visibly with respect to given requirements. Multi-objective synthesis tuning by min-max parameter optimisation allows interactive compromising in the set of what can be best-possibly achieved with a chosen control law structure.     

Distributed flight control system using fiber distributed datainterface (FDDI)

The design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems is discussed. The application described is a generic flight control system (FCS) for a fighter aircraft. The system is designed for high redundancy and expandability to meet various requirements. The communication network is based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), which provides a high level of electromagnetic interference resistance and reliability. The choice of fiber optic media also provides an extremely high bandwidth and tremendous growth capability for future communications needs. This study is not specific to FDDI or flight control systems. The methods and configurations presented should be applicable to many real-time control implementations     

基于PC/104嵌入式计算机的惯导模拟器设计

在介绍飞机任务系统训练模拟器原理的基础上,阐述了基于PC/104嵌入式计算机的飞机惯导模拟器的研制方案,给出了模拟系统的硬件电路框图和软件程序结构图,并与飞机任务系统训练模拟器进行了组网导航训练测试,测试结果显示该模拟系统性能稳定,简单可靠,满足设计要求。     

基于线性规划的多操纵面重构控制研究

为实现多操纵面飞机的重构控制,提高飞机飞行的安全性能,提出了一种基于线性规划的多操纵面重构控制策略.针对操纵面卡死、松浮、损伤等典型故障情况,推导了相应的重构分配器,通过基于线性规划的直接分配方法来实现在操纵面故障下的重构控制.仿真结果表明,该控制策略能有效处理典型操纵面故障,发生故障时仍能快速跟踪控制指令,保证较好的...     

某型尾吊高平尾飞机失速特性试飞方法研究

某型尾吊高平尾飞机通过安装失速保护系统改善失速特性,满足了适航条例的要求。介绍了失速保护系统的设计,从保障试飞安全的失速试飞准备工作、失速保护系统研制试飞与失速特性验证试飞三个方面研究了安装失速保护系统飞机的失速试飞方法。     

一种双余度非相似容错计算机软件设计

非相似余度设计是容错技术的重要设计方法,在很多领域都有广泛应用,在航空领域主要应用于飞行控制系统.在非相似双机架构下分析现有且适宜的操作系统,并在此基础上构建适合机载飞控系统的底层运行框架和任务调度算法,在此框架下研究双机余度管理的关键技术.研究结果表明,所设计的软件框架与算法满足飞控系统要求.     

基于模型的民机自动飞行功能分析与设计

描述了民用飞机自动飞行系统基于模型的功能分析与架构设计过程。该研究采用符合现代系统工程理念的模型化设计形式,表明和确认系统功能在各种运行决策、人机交互和外部环境中的变化。它针对系统级功能静态、动态特性进行结构化分析和设计,系统性地研究外部对象、应用用例、功能逻辑、交联时序和状态跳转,在确认模型的合理性后生成逻辑架构与接口,将设计需求进行分配,用于设计实现和软硬件架构。该研究通过对飞行导引、自动推力、自动着陆、机组通告等功能的可用性和完整性进行分析检验,改进了功能需求设计。     

主动控制技术(ACT)验证机工程飞行仿真系统设计

研究一种我国自行研制、开发的用于ＡＣＴ验证机的研制和试飞的多功能工程飞行仿真系统,分析了系统的设计概念、原则和功能要求,提出了面向多功能要求（全数字实时飞行仿真、电传飞控铁鸟台综合试验、飞行训练模拟和工程飞行仿真）的总体设计和总体结构,研究了ＡＣＴ验证机动力学特性的建模、仿真和提高仿真逼真度的方法。研究和开发了工程飞行仿真的实时管理软件系统和人机（用户）接口。系统应用实践和试飞飞行员的评价表明设计是成功的,是一种性能／价格比高的工程飞行仿真系统。     

应用保护映射理论的高超声速飞行器自适应控制律设计

针对高超声速飞行器包线范围广、参数变化大的控制需求,应用保护映射理论提出一种高超声速飞行器的自适应控制律设计方法。首先建立整个飞行包线内的线性变参数(LPV)模型,在参数变化边界点设计一个初始的控制结构和参数,然后基于保护映射理论分析初始控制结构使闭环系统稳定的参数范围,通过迭代自动获取整个包线内满足性能指标的控制参数,进而通过多项式拟合设计出高超声速飞行器自适应控制律。所提出的方法能够根据初始控制结构自动寻找一系列满足性能要求的控制器参数,并确定这些控制参数满足闭环系统稳定的设计范围。仿真结果表明,所设计的自适应控制律能够确保高超声速飞行器大包线的设计要求,实现闭环系统的鲁棒稳定。     

基于T-S模型的飞控系统跟踪控制器设计

提出了用PDC跟踪控制器设计飞控系统的方法,给出了稳定性和极点配置定理,将控制器的参数求取问题转化为求解线性矩阵不等式族的问题,所设计的控制器不仅具有全局渐近稳定性,还具有较好的鲁棒性。对用该方法设计的俯仰角跟踪控制器进行了仿真和鲁棒性验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够满足性能品质和鲁棒性要求。