遥科学—提高空间技术效益的新途径

本文讨论了遥科学的起源及其相关技术，特别是遥科学与空间搭载实验的密切关系；描述了遥科学的基本内容和遥科学实验台的基本结构；在综述国外研究现状的基础上，阐明了中国开展遥科学研究的意义，可行性和技术途径。遥科学是对现有相关技术的集成和提高，是一项具有深远意义的现实可行技术。     

New challenges for life sciences flight project management

Scientists have conducted studies involving human spaceflight crews for over three decades. These studies have progressed from simple observations before and after each flight to sophisticated experiments during flights of several weeks up to several months. The findings from these experiments are available in the scientific literature. Management of these flight experiments has grown into a system fashioned from the Apollo Program style, focusing on budgeting, scheduling and allocation of human and material resources. While these areas remain important to the future, the International Space Station (ISS) requires that the Life Sciences spaceflight experiments expand the existing project management methodology. The use of telescience with state-of-the-art information technology and the multi-national crews and investigators challenges the former management processes. Actually conducting experiments on board the ISS will be an enormous undertaking and International Agreements and Working Groups will be essential in giving guidance to the flight project management Teams forged in this matrix environment must be competent to make decisions and qualified to work with the array of engineers, scientists, and the spaceflight crews. In order to undertake this complex task, data systems not previously used for these purposes must be adapted so that the investigators and the project management personnel can all share in important information as soon as it is available. The utilization of telescience and distributed experiment operations will allow the investigator to remain involved in their experiment as well as to understand the numerous issues faced by other elements of the program. The complexity in formation and management of project teams will be a new kind of challenge for international science programs. Meeting that challenge is essential to assure success of the International Space Station as a laboratory in space.     

信息时代的遥行为学

概述遥科学、遥军事、远程教育、远程医学等远程行为和事业 ,提出遥行为学的基本概念和技术 ,分析遥行为学产生的技术条件。     

日本JEM舱空间碎片防护结构设计综述

综述目前国际空间站上日本试验舱有关微流星体及空间碎片的防护技术以及发展趋势,着重探讨防护结构的研究成果,为在轨防护技术提供技术参考。     

一个面向遥科学实验的遥操作实验系统

在空间遥科学实验应用中,通信信道的传输延迟和有限带宽是大时延遥操作面临的关键问题。本文阐述了应用遥编程技术的遥操作系统的基本设计思想,介绍了遥操作实验系统的实现,给出了试验结果。     

KIBO (Japanese Experiment Module in ISS) operations—2008/3–2009/10

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched its own first manned experiment facility in space called the KIBO (Japanese Experiment Module, JEM) in 2008 and 2009 and started operations as part of International Space Station (ISS). To accomplish this Operation, JAXA made its own ground facility in Tsukuba, Japan, called Space Station Integration and Promotion Center (SSIPC). Ground personnel at SSIPC called the JEM Flight Control Team (JFCT) operate the KIBO and have learnt many lessons during its operation. In this presentation, some topics are chosen and explained such as (1) crew/ground personnel interaction and (2) planning lessons learned for manned space activities.     

Microgravity research and user support in the Space Station era: The Microgravity User Support Centre

Future space systems, such as Columbus, the planned European contribution to the International Space Station, offer ample possibilities for microgravity research and application. These new opportunities require adequate user support on ground and novel operational concepts in order to ensure an effective utilization. Extensive experience in microgravity user support has been accumulated at DFVLR during the past Spacelab 1 and D1 missions. Based on this work, a Microgravity User Support Centre (MUSC) has been built and is active for the forthcoming EURECA-A1 and D2 missions, to form an integrated support centre for the disciplines life sciences and material sciences in the Space Station era. The objective of the user support at MUSC is to achieve:

• easy access to space experiments for scientific and commercial users,

• efficient preparation of experiments,

• optimum use of valuable microgravity experimentation time,

• cost reduction by concentration of experience.

This is implemented by embedding the MUSC in an active scientific environment in both disciplines, such that users can share the experience gained by professional personnel. In this way, the Space Station system is operated along the lines established on ground for the utilization of large international research facilities, such as accelerators or astronomical observatories. In addition, concepts are developed to apply advanced telescience principles for Space Station operations.     

A regenerable carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery system for the Japanese Experiment Module

The Japanese Space Station Program is now under Phase B study by the National Space Development Agency of Japan in participation with the U.S. Space Station Program. A Japanese Space Station participation will be a dedicated pressurized module to be attached to the U.S. Space Station, and is called Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). Astronaut scientists will conduct various experimental operations there. Thus an environment control and life support system is required. Regenerable carbon dioxide removal and collection technique as well as oxygen recovery technique has been studied and investigated for several years. A regenerable carbon dioxide removal subsystem using steam desorbed solid amine and an oxygen recovery subsystem using Sabatier methane cracking have a good possibility for the application to the Japanese Experiment Module. Basic performance characteristics of the carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery subsystem are presented according to the results of a fundamental performance test program. The trace contaminant removal process is also investigated and discussed. The solvent recovery plant for the regeneration of various industrial solvents, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols and so on, utilizes the multi-bed solvent adsorption and steam desorption process, which is very similar to the carbon dioxide removal subsystem. Therefore, to develop essential components including adsorption tank (bed), condenser. process controller and energy saving system, the technology obtained from the experience to construct solvent recovery plant can be easily and effectively applicable to the carbon dioxide removal subsystem. The energy saving efficiency is evaluated for blower power reduction, steam reduction and waste heat utilization technique. According to the above background, the entire environment control and life support system for the Japanese Experiment Module including the carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery subsystem is evaluated and proposed.     

Telescience at the University of California, Berkeley

The University of California at Berkeley (UCB) is a member of a university consortium involved in telescience testbed activities under the sponsorship of NASA. Our Telescience Testbed Project consists of three experiments using flight hardware being developed for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer project at UCB's Space Sciences Laboratory. The first one is a teleoperation experiment investigating remote instrument control using a computer network such as the Internet. The second experiment is an effort to develop a system for operation of a network of remote workstations allowing coordinated software development, evaluation, and use by widely dispersed groups. The final experiment concerns simulation as a method to facilitate the concurrent development of instrument hardware and support software. We describe our progress in these areas.     

空间站有效载荷真空支持系统方案评述

有效载荷真空支持系统是空间有效载荷支持系统的重要组成部分,为空间有效载荷实验的顺利进行提供真空环境支持和保证。文章详细分析了国际空间站包括美国“命运号”实验舱（USL）、欧空局哥伦布轨道舱（APM）及日本实验舱（JEM）内的有效载荷真空支持系统方案及使用情况;对美国实验舱内的一号微重力材料科学机柜及微重力燃烧科学机柜内部专用的真空支持系统作了主要介绍;最后提出了我国空间站有效载荷真空支持系统的初步方案设想,即合理安排有效载荷实验进行次序,将废气排放子系统及真空资源子系统合二为一,以节约资源,提高可靠性。     

航天项目资源效用提升方法思考

文章根据价值工程的管理思想,以提升我国航天项目价值为最终目标,在航天系统工程技术和项目管理的基础上,从资源配置和使用角度对项目最优价值的实现过程进行了项目资源管理实践的总结,得出通过资源效用提升可以更好地实现项目价值的结论,较为系统地提出了航天项目资源效用提升的有效实施方法。     

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.     

空间机器人多传感器信息融合

本文讨论了空间机器人的特点和多传感器信息融合技术的必要性.总结了相关的关键技术,包括信息的表示和融合方法,传感器的布置,启用传感器的策略和执行融合过程主计算机体系结构.最后给出了一个智能装配机器人多传感器信息融合实例.     

航天产品试验数据分析与管理系统设计研究

结合航天产品研制特点,针对研制过程产生的大量不同种类试验数据,提出了试验数据分析与管理系统的设计目标、组成与基本要求,解决试验数据有效便捷使用、深层次价值挖掘问题.从整体设计角度,对系统设计思想、软件架构技术( B/S,C/S)、数据库技术(ORACLE,SQLSERVER等)进行了研究.并对设计实施过程中所采用的策略、开发平台、技术手段进行了论述.实践表明,采用B/S软件架构和“富”客户端技术构建的系统,能够较好地解决试验数据分析与管理问题.     

火星探测用金属/CO2燃烧技术研究进展与展望

火星原位资源利用指利用火星当地资源生产火星探测所需原料和能源,减少任务载荷,降低发射成本,是火星探测不可或缺的关键技术。金属和二氧化碳是火星重要的原位资源,部分金属可以在二氧化碳气氛中燃烧,使得金属/CO_2燃烧体系在火星上扮演地球上化石燃料/空气燃烧体系的角色成为可能。从拓展金属/CO_2燃烧技术在火星探测中应用的角度出发,梳理了火星二氧化碳收集方式、火星矿物分布和冶炼、金属/CO_2燃烧技术的主要应用方式(Mg/CO_2火箭发动机和Mg/CO_2金属燃烧器)的研究进展,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

一种新的干扰样式在高空飞行器干扰机中的应用

对雷达的有源干扰技术进行了研究,针对高空飞行器干扰机功率小的特点提出了一种基于噪声卷积调制的间歇采样转发干扰技术。仿真分析结果表明:此干扰技术产生的干扰信号和雷达信号具有较强的相干性,干扰信号的能量可以进入雷达接收机,提高了干扰信号功率利用率;合理的噪声调制信号可以对脉冲压缩雷达进行欺骗干扰或压制干扰,有利于提高高空飞行器的突防概率。     

The enigma of small satellites for earth observation

Small satellites have captured a continuously increasing share of the market in the fields of science, technology and recently also in the telecommunications and Earth observation areas. User requirements and market opportunities for space based satellite systems for Earth observation products have grown substantially in the past decade. Criteria for the utilization of different classes of satellite systems (small and large) and analogies to developments in other areas, e.g. the telecommunications field are discussed. The end to end character of service and product oriented systems as key criteria for market success in the scientific, applications and commercial areas is underlined. Recent developments in the global change, the Earth observation applications and commercial sectors are reviewed and compared. Opportunities for small satellites in the field are related to technology advancements, cost reduction options, and progress in the state of the art in system design.     

项目资源配置的管理

以提升项目资源管理能力为目标,在系统工程技术和项目管理的基础上,从资源的配置和使用角度对项目资源的配置管理方法进行了探索研究,提出了完善项目资源配置管理的方法。为促进航天项目管理能力的提升提供参考。     

卫星平台模块化柔性热控体系结构

针对传统以被动热控为主的热控体系结构在适应能力、鲁棒性与灵活性方面的不足,以及难以满足目前卫星研制中平台公用化、通用化与诸多快速研制要求等问题,首先对模块化、柔性设计理论与方法进行了分析;然后结合热控技术的发展现状,构建出4种基于热总线的模块化、柔性热控体系结构;并在此基础上梳理出新型模块化、柔性热控体系结构面临的问题与解决途径。研究成果对于推动主动热控技术在我国卫星热控设计中的应用具有参考意义。     

Human development and the conquest of space

Space age ethics are to be distinguished as a separate set of ethical concepts for several reasons: outer space constitutes a unifying element for mankind; the unique space environment has an international statute; and the impact of space science and the utilization of space technology will always have both positive and negative international consequences and repercussions. Its main objective is an immaterial output-related activity and much of its waste is equally immaterial. Space technology carries another hazard with it - the danger of domination by extrovert cultures. Proper development of space technology requires international cooperation, scientific creativity and technological innovation combined with sociopolitical, economic and cultural aims and objectives and ethical values. Norms and objectives have to take into account religious concepts, humanistic viewpoints and sociocultural criteria. The ethics of the conquest of space have to consider the benefit of all mankind and that of each single individual, group and society as complementary and of equal importance.