Investigation of longitudinal aerodynamic parameters identification method for fly-by-wire passenger airliners

The flight control system of a fly-by-wire （FBW） passenger airliner with a complex frame-work and high feedback gain augmentation would change the original characteristic of a loaded signal and suppress the excitation of an airplane＇s pertinent motion modes. Taking a research example of an FBW passenger airliner model with longitudinal relaxed-static-stability, a new method of signal type selection and signal parameter design is proposed, through analysis of signal energy distribution and plane body＇s frequency response. According to CCAR60--the Appraisal and Use Regulation of Flight Simulator Device, the simulation validation of the FBW passenger airliner＇s longitudinal aerodynamic parameters identification is put forward. The validation result indicates that the designed signal could excite the longitudinal motion mode of the FBW passenger airliner adequately and the multiparameter comparison in simulation meets the objective test request of CCAR60. Meanwhile, the relative errors of aerodynamic parameters are less than 10%.     

非电传民机纵向气动参数辨识激励信号研究

针对非电传民机气动参数辨识时,须通过设计激励信号激发出与待辨识参数相关的飞机运动模态才能得到准确的气动参数的特点,开展了适用于非电传民机纵向气动参数辨识的激励信号设计方法研究。基于信号能量分布和幅频响应分析的信号设计方法,对激励信号进行参数设计;综合辨识效果和驾驶员的易操纵性,建议选取经参数设计后的单周期正弦信号作为非电传民机的纵向激励信号。试飞验证结果表明,所提方法能够较好地激发出飞机运动模态,使试飞数据具有较高的气动参数可辨识性。     

考虑噪声抑制的高超声速风洞气动力识别方法

对于风洞试验中全尺寸模型试验的非平稳信号进行载荷辨识仍存在诸多问题。针对全尺度模型试验的非平稳信号载荷辨识提出了一种基于深度残差收缩网络（DRSN）深度学习技术的智能载荷辨识方法,该方法通过深度学习提取测力系统输出数据中的气动力、惯性力和噪声等特征,通过注意力机制对每组数据进行获取阈值,再通过软阈值函数对特征进行滤波降噪,有效辨识出测力系统响应信号中的惯性力分量并进行剔除,实现气动力载荷辨识。在测试验证中,均值法的辨识精度为85%以上,DRSN模型的辨识精度为94%以上,证明DRSN模型能有效降低噪声和惯性力对于载荷辨识的干扰,用于非平稳信号的载荷辨识具有精度高、可靠性好等特点。     

环境激励下基于chirplet变换的线性时变系统参数识别

提出了针对时变系统响应的短时频率线性时变假设,通过将时变响应拟合成多分量线调频信号,根据线调频信号互相关理论推导了随机白噪声激励下时变系统的物理参数识别方法。该识别方法只需基于结构的加速度响应,便能识别结构的时变质量和刚度。由于引入了调频斜率刻画响应信号的短时频率线变特征,该方法相比传统识别方法能更好地追踪快变甚至突变参数,对实际工程中的时变问题具有重要的应用价值。仿真算例中构造了1个3自由度时变结构模型,针对线性时变、周期时变和突变等情况进行了物理参数的识别,误差分析显示识别误差均在5%以内,仿真结果验证了方法的正确性和适用性。     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

变截面悬臂梁结构动载荷辨识方法

在航空航天领域，作用在结构上动载荷的确定对结构健康监测是非常必要和重要的。为此，本文以类似机翼结构的变截面悬臂梁结构为研究对象，提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感器与卡尔曼滤波器的动载荷识别方法。首先，根据变截面梁单元形式，推导出变截面梁的质量矩阵与刚度矩阵，建立动力学运动方程。然后，以光纤光栅传感器测得的应变信息作为观测信号，通过卡尔曼滤波器生成的增益矩阵、新息序列矩阵以及协方差矩阵，得到灵敏度矩阵和估计力的增益矩阵。在此基础上，利用广义回归模型及其最小二乘算法，估算出动载荷大小、判断出动载荷激励位置。借助数值仿真与实验手段，分别验证了该方法对于单点正弦激励、方波激励、锯齿波激励以及多点同时激励等工况下的动载荷识别效果。结果表明，本文所提算法具有较好的动载荷识别效果和噪声抑制能力，能够为未来风洞试验和真实飞行试验环境中诸如大展弦比机翼表面气动压力等载荷实时辨识、气动外形自适应控制以及结构健康监测提供技术支撑。     

数据挖掘技术在飞行试验数据分析和气动参数辨识中的应用研究

为了检验飞行试验辨识结果的可信度,首次将数据挖掘技术用于飞行试验数据的分析和气动参数辨识,初步解决了试验数据有限、数据信息含量差别较大给聚类、分类、回归等分析处理带来的问题;提出了利用不同时间段、不同飞行批次的飞行数据在划分区间的气动特性分布来检验辨识结果可信度的方法;以某飞行器为对象,利用数据挖掘技术,建立了基于飞行试验数据的气动力数学模型,检验了辨识结果的一致性和可信度,并与地面试验结果进行了比较分析,给出了地面试验预测误差。多批次飞行试验数据的整体辨识结果表明,所发展的方法是可行和有效的。该项研究为验证辨识结果的可信度、建立基于飞行试验数据的气动模型提供了新的途径,并可应用于CFD 和风洞试验的验证与确认。     

空气动力迟滞引起飞机横航向极限环振荡的一种近似解法

 本文给出近似解析公式,确定空气动力迟滞引起的飞机横航向极限环振荡特性。计算表明,它与文献[1、2]中提出的数值迭代法求得的结果相当一致,并消除了该文中求出的滚转迟滞引起的滚转速率极限环振荡振幅不是最大幅值的缺陷。     

Longitudinal parameter identification of a small unmanned aerial vehicle based on modified particle swarm optimization

This paper describes a longitudinal parameter identification procedure for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)through modified particle swam optimization(PSO).The procedure is demonstrated using a small UAV equipped with only an micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)inertial measuring element and a global positioning system(GPS)receiver to provide test information.A small UAV longitudinal parameter mathematical model is derived and the modified method is proposed based on PSO with selective particle regeneration(SRPSO).Once modified PSO is applied to the mathematical model,the simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct,and aerodynamic parameters and coefficients of the propeller can be identified accurately.Results are compared with those of PSO and SRPSO and the comparison shows that the proposed method is more robust and faster than the other methods for the longitudinal parameter identification of the small UAV.Some parameter identification results are affected slightly by noise,but the identification results are very good overall.Eventually,experimental validation is employed to test the proposed method,which demonstrates the usefulness of this method.     

基于WPD-KVI-Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征精准识别

为了能够有效地从轴承早期故障激励的高频振动信号中提取出故障特征信息,基于最优小波包基选取方法和峭度值最大筛选原则,提出了一种改进的小波包分解（WPD）、峭度值指标（KVI）与Hilbert变换相结合的滚动轴承早期故障特征识别方法。计算选取最优小波包基,确定分解层数;采用WPD方法对轴承故障振动信号进行分解,获得若干个Node分量;基于峭度值指标最大原则筛选出有效的Node分量进行信号重构;对重构信号进行包络解调分析,提取出故障特征频率对轴承故障进行诊断。采用建立的方法对凯斯西储大学滚珠轴承外圈、内圈故障实验数据和自行开展的滚棒轴承外圈、滚动体故障实验数据进行了分析与诊断。研究结果表明：该方法能够有效提高故障信号高频分辨率、保留周期性冲击成分,并能准确有效提取出滚珠和滚棒轴承故障特征频率的1~7倍频及其与轴转频调制的系列边频带频率,实现对滚动轴承故障特征的精准识别与故障诊断。     

支撑翼布局客机总体参数对结构重量的影响

针对支撑翼布局客机在总体设计阶段对结构重量分析评估的需求,建立结构重量与支撑翼总体参数之间的定量描述关系。利用有限元分析求解工程梁模型的方法建立考虑静强度和颤振约束的支撑翼结构分析模型,采用全速势方程加边界层修正的方法建立气动载荷计算模型,在此基础上建立支撑翼总体参数与主承力结构尺寸的优化流程,实现支撑翼结构概念设计优化及重量分析。以支撑翼客机为对象的算例研究表明,应用这一优化流程能够分析总体参数对结构重量的影响规律,并实现定量描述,可以为支撑翼布局客机概念方案设计提供技术支持和数据参考。     

Nonlinear system identification framework of folding fins with freeplay using backbone curves

Due to wear and manufacturing tolerance, the freeplay is unavoidable in the hinges of folding fins, which exerts significant effects on the aerodynamic characteristics. This paper proposes a backbone-curve-based framework for the dynamical identification of folding fins containing the freeplay nonlinearity. With no need to measure the input force signal and the response signals of nonlinear related Degrees of Freedom(DOFs), the proposed method is more direct and elegant than most existing nonlin...     

A Lamb wave signal reconstruction method for high-resolution damage imaging

In Lamb wave-based Structural Health Monitoring(SHM), a high-enough spatial resolution is highly required for Lamb wave signals to ensure the resolution and accuracy of damage detection. However, besides the dispersion characteristic, the signal spatial resolution is also largely restricted by the space duration of excitation waveforms, i.e., the Initial Spatial Resolution(ISR)for the signals before travelling. To resolve the problem of inferior signal spatial resolution of Lamb waves, a Lamb Wave Signal Reconstruction(LWSR) method is presented and applied for highresolution damage imaging in this paper. In LWSR, not only a new linearly-dispersive signal is reconstructed from an original Lamb wave signal, but also the group velocity at the central frequency is sufficiently decreased. Then, both dispersion compensation and ISR improvement can be realized to achieve a satisfying signal spatial resolution. After the frequency domain sensing model and spatial resolution of Lamb wave signals are firstly analyzed, the basic idea and numerical realization of LWSR are discussed. Numerical simulations are also implemented to preliminarily validate LWSR. Subsequently, LWSR-based high-resolution damage imaging is developed. An experiment of adjacent multiple damage identification is finally conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LWSR and LWSR-based imaging methods.     

An active vibration control method based on energy-fuzzy for cantilever structures excited by aerodynamic loads

In wind tunnel tests for the full-model fixed with sting, the low structural damping of the long cantilever sting results in destructive low-frequency and large-amplitude vibration. In order to obtain high-quality wind tunnel test data and ensure the safety of wind tunnel tests, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD (Proportion Differentiation) control method is proposed. This method is used for active vibration control of a cantilever structure under variable aerodynamic load excitation, and real-time adjustment of parameters is achieved according to the system characteristics of vibration energy. Meanwhile, a real-time method is proposed to estimate the real-time vibration energy through the vibration acceleration signal, and the average exciting power of aerodynamic load is obtained by deducting the part of the power contributed by the vibration suppressor from the total power. Furthermore, an energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller is proposed to achieve adaptive control to the changes of the aerodynamic load. Besides, the subsonic and transonic experiments were carried out in wind tunnel, the results revealed that comparing to fixed gain PD controllers, the energy-fuzzy adaptive PD controller maintains higher performance.     

多模态时域振动衰减信号各模态分离与阻尼参数辨识方法

针对多模态信号中各模态难以准确分离和模态阻尼参数难以准确识别的问题,提出了布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法参数优化的变分模态分解方法 (CS-VMD)和模态阻尼参数辨识的包络线积分法(EIM)。使用CS-VMD方法将多模态时域振动衰减信号中的多模态分量准确分离开来,利用EIM辨识各模态的模态频率和阻尼比,并与理论值(或测量值)以及半功率带宽法(HPB)辨识值进行对比。位移仿真信号与压气机导向叶片测频信号模态分解及模态参数辨识表明,CS-VMD方法可实现对多模态信号的正确分解,EIM辨识的模态频率误差均小于1.0%;对于位移仿真信号,EIM辨识的模态阻尼比最大误差小于2.5%;对于压气机导向叶片测频信号,使用EIM和HPB方法辨识的模态阻尼比最大差别为9.098%,EIM的模态阻尼辨识精度比HPB方法高。     

连翼机低速气动特性实验研究

连翼机具有前、后机翼,前翼后掠上反,后翼前掠下反;后翼在前翼展60％～100％之间与前翼相连。其前视图和俯视图均构成菱形。在低速风洞中对连翼机进行了纵向及横向测力实验,其中包括前、后翼几何参数改变对气动特性的影响。实验表明,与常规飞机相比连翼机具有如下优点:诱导阻力小,升阻比大且具有较好的失速特性。改变连翼机前翼上反角和后翼下反角对纵向气动特性影响不大,对横向气动特性有明显影响。减小前翼外段的后掠角可使俯仰特性得到改善。     

内部声激励对汽车减阻降噪的研究

减小汽车行驶中的空气阻力，抑制行驶时的气动噪声具有十分重要的意义。汽车车身模型风洞实验表明，用内部声激励可获得有效的减阻效果，而且还能起到抑制气动噪声的效果。实验得出声激励的频率、强度、位置等参数与减阻率的关系，以及有、无声激励时模型表面压力系数分布情况，还得到了声激励对气动噪声频谱特性影响的有关规律。     

基于静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法研究

民用客机主要针对巡航外形设计,这就需要通过静气动弹性修正得到型架外形,保证型架外形在设计巡航状态飞行时,气动性能能够恢复到巡航设计状态。本文基于混合网格的N-S方程和结构柔度矩阵方法的耦合求解,发展了大飞机静气动弹性计算方法。根据静气动弹性变形过程的可逆性,结合飞行器质量分布、发动机推力以及巡航飞行重量等设计参数,发展了考虑静气动弹性效应的飞机型架外形修正方法。利用所发展的修正方法,获得了某大型客机巡航飞行的型架修正外形,同时分析了其它飞行工况的弹性气动特性,并通过算例比较验证了本文发展方法的有效性。     

临近空间太阳能飞行器横航向稳定性

临近空间太阳能飞行器的横航向气动导数和质量特性与常规飞行器存在显著差异,其横航向模态具有不同于常规飞行器的特点。理论分析表明,临近空间太阳能飞行器滚转交感动导数较大,偏航阻尼动导数较小,导致螺旋模态发散;航向气动阻尼力矩和惯性力矩之比较大,因而荷兰滚模态阻尼比较大。为解决常规线性化动力学模型无法体现风场影响的问题,以地速在机体坐标系中的投影作为状态变量,建立了考虑风场影响、适用于地速为0 m/s状态的线性化横航向动力学模型。利用此模型分析了临近空间太阳能飞行器在水平风和垂直风中的横航向稳定性。分析结果表明,稳定风场对横航向模态特征根无影响,但会导致横航向模态特征矢量发生改变。建立的动力学模型可用于此类飞行器的动力学分析和仿真。     

飞机横-航向耦合模态特性和飞行品质优化研究

本文阐述了飞机横—航向耦合的形成机理,研究了气动外形参数变化对滚转-螺旋耦合模态的影响。文中提出对横—航向模态特性进行优化的算法,该算法对飞机的改型和初步设计有一定的参考价值。最后对某歼击机的横—航向模态特性进行了优化计算,计算结果表明,该机在许多状态下的飞行品质得到了提高。