镍对C/SiC化学气相渗透碳的催化研究

用液相浸渗还原法将Ni渗入C/SiC复合材料,研究复合材料中Ni对化学气相渗透PyC过程的影响.用重量分析法研究Ni的催化作用,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析材料的微观结构及组成.结果表明,Ni对化学气相渗透PyC具有催化作用,它加速了PyC的沉积,Ni含量为4.4%时增重率达最大值9.98%.沉积的PyC为细小颗粒聚集体.CVI过程中Ni与基体SiC反应生成Ni2Si,Ni3Si.     

C/ C 复合材料CVD 过程中气相反应分析

以整体毡为预制体,丙烷为碳源,以沉积温度和气体滞留时间为考察变量,采用CVD 法制备了 C/ C 复合材料,并用偏光显微镜分析了热解碳结构,用气相色谱仪分析了尾气成分,并采用商用COMSOL 软件 分析了1 250 K 以上成碳过程的中间气相产物和气相反应路径。结果表明:试样上下表面热解碳均为光滑层 结构,高温下主要中间产物有H2、C2H2、C2H4、CH4,其中大分子结构、H2、C2H2 浓度,随着温度的升高而增大, C2H4 浓度随着温度的升高迅速减小,CH4 浓度略有减小;具有较低C—H 结合能而容易形成稳定的自由基的 大分子浓度随滞留时间延长而先增加后下降,具有高不饱和结构的大分子随滞留时间的延长浓度变化不大;热 解碳形成的复杂过程中C2H4 具有重要的作用。     

沉积温度对碳芯SiC 纤维微观结构的影响

以沥青基碳单丝为基体,一甲基三氯硅烷为碳化硅前驱体,使用通电加热的冷壁CVD工艺,温度在1 473～1 773 K,制备了碳芯SiC纤维.采用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对纤维的表面形貌及结构进行了表征,研究了沉积温度对其结构的影响.结果表明,SiC涂层为β-SiC晶型.沉积温度的升高引起了沉积速率的增加以及SiC涂层晶粒尺寸的长大.同时,导致碳芯中心区域发生结构重排,引起了该区域取向度的提高以及晶粒尺寸的减小.     

碳/碳复合材料导热性能的研究

对碳/碳复合材料在不同温度下的导热性能进行了研究。研究发现了碳/碳复合材料的导热机理介于金属材料和非金属材料之间,既有声子导热,又有电子导热。在实验温度范围内,导热系数随温度升高而增大。随碳/碳复合材料石墨化程度的增大,晶体微观结构渐趋完整,石墨片层的有序度增加,材料的导热性能增强。对于高密度的碳/碳复合材料,因为晶粒间联通状态良好,热传导载体运动的路径畅通,所以导热系数高。碳纤维及围绕纤维生长的热解碳是热传导的有效通道,所以沿纤维增强方向的导热系数高。     

纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响

为了研究纤维表面状态对C/C-SiC复合材料微观组织和相成分的影响,将T300碳纤维在氮气氛围中进行不同温度的热处理后,采用液硅熔渗法制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。采用光电子能谱(XPS)对纤维表面成分进行了分析。结果表明:未处理纤维表面具有较高的氧含量,随着热处理温度的升高,纤维表面氧含量逐渐降低,导致纤维表面含氧官能团数目减少。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现:未处理纤维增强的C/C预制体,孔隙尺寸较大且孔隙率低;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,孔隙尺寸较小但孔隙率高。随后对C/C预制体进行液硅熔渗处理,并对熔渗反应过程分析发现:由未处理纤维增强的预制体,液硅熔渗反应主要受溶解-沉淀和界面限制的扩散反应过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体相分布规则且含量较低,同时含有较高的残留Si;而经1 500℃热处理纤维增强的预制体,熔渗反应则主要受溶解-沉淀过程控制,获得的C/C-SiC复合材料中SiC基体含量多且分布较均匀,残留Si含量较少。     

EFFECT OF DEPOSITIONS CONDITION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF C／C MINICOMPOSITE

C/C minicomposites were manufactured by CVI with propylene as resource gas and Ar as diluent gas. Effects of deposition temperature, the flow rate of propylene and total system pressure on theof C/C minicomposites were investigated. Deposition conditions are as follows: deposition temperature ranging from 870℃ to 1000℃. the flow rate of propylene from 10 to 60 ml/min, and total system pressure from 3 to 16kPa. The results revealed : The deposit distributes non-uniformly as increasing the deposition temperature or total system pressure. The effect of the flow rate of propylene on the distribution of deposit observes different principles at different deposition temperatures. If the deposition temperature rises to 900℃, the deposit distributes more non-uniformly as increasing the flow rate of propylene. The morphology of deposit varies with deposition condition, such as smooth, droplet-like or spike-like. Deposition mechanism varies with deposition condition. It can be surface reaction nucleation and growth, heterogeneous nucleation of liquid droplet on carbon fiber or gas-borne nuclei-growth. With the principle of nuclei-growth of crystal and the method of phenomenology, the changes of deposition mechanism and the morphology of pyrolytic carbon with deposition condition were explained successfully. The effect of deposition condition on deposit homogeneity stems from the effect of deposition condition on the CVI kinetics and the deposition mechanism of pyrolytic carbon.     

CSCVI法制备C布增韧SiC基复合材料及其微观结构

为了提高CVI法制备C/SiC复合材料的致密化速度 ,提出了连续同步CVI(CSCVI)法制备C布增韧SiC基复合材料的技术路线 ,制备了C/SiC复合材料 ,并观察了其微观结构。实验结果表明 ,在CSCVI工艺中 ,SiC基体沉积速度越快 ,材料的致密化程度越大且致密效果越好。同时 ,SiC基体沉积速度只由沉积温度与MTS(CH3 SiCl3 )流量控制 ,使工艺的可操作性增强 ,工艺参数可在较大范围内变动     

MOCVI制备Nextel 720/SiO2复合材

研究了MOCVI(MetalOrganicChemicalVaporInfiltration)方法制备Nextel720/SiO     

碳纤维含量对Cf/SiO2复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了碳纤维体积分数分别为20％、40％和60％的高致密Cf/SiO2复合材料，研究了碳纤维含量对其组织结构，力学性能、热膨胀特性和抗氧化性能的影响规律。结果表明：SiO2基体及20％Cf/SiO2复合材料中，SiO2仍保持非晶态，碳纤维含量为40％和60％时，SiO2发生部分析晶；Cf/SiO2复合材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和断裂应变，随碳纤维含量增加均呈现先降低后又增加的趋势，而弹性模量则先增后降；60％Cf/SiO2表现出明显伪塑性；碳纤维含量增大，使复合材料的热膨胀系数成倍增加，抗氧化性变差。     

Synthesis of Iron-containing Carbon Microparticles from Deoiled Asphalt and Ferrocene

The deoiled asphalt as the carbon source and the ferrocene as the metal source and the catalyst precursor were chosen to synthe-size iron-containing carbon microparticles through co-carbonization at the temperature of about 450 ℃ for 3 h. The resulting products were treated at 2 000 ℃ for 2 h. All samples were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the iron particles in the heat-treated material are completely coated by carbon. In addition to the fully filled carbon microparticles as well as hollow carbon ones, also form carbon fibers with hollow centers. The formation mechanism of the as-prepared products was discussed briefly.     

碳-铝复合材料显微组织研究

碳-铝复合材料的显微组织与其工艺过程有密切联系。因此,通过分析研究其显微组织特征,可以发现工艺过程中存在的问题,为进一步正确选择工艺参数,改善工艺过程。提高纤维及复合材料的性能提供参考。本文介绍了用金相及扫描电子显微镜拍摄的,在各工艺条件下的碳纤维、镀镍碳纤维、真空热处理镀镍碳纤维、碳-铝复合丝以及碳-铝热压试样的显微组织。     

硫及硫化物对镍基合金碳蚀的抑制作用与机理

通过小单管燃烧试验,证实了燃油中适量的硫及硫化物对镍基高温合金碳蚀的抑制作用,并根据碳蚀机理和催化剂中毒原理,探讨了硫及硫化物对镍基高温合金碳蚀的抑制机理。为了防止镍基合金的碳腐蚀 ,提出了控制燃油中总硫含量和改进结构设计及合理选材的建议。     

沥青基炭纤维表面改性对炭／炭复合材料力学性能的影响

为了提高沥青基炭纤维表面活性,采用臭氧氧化法对沥青基炭纤维表面进行改性。采用AFM,XPS研究了臭氧改性后沥青基炭纤维表面结构的变化。利用浸润仪测定了改性前后沥青基炭纤维表面能的变化,并用SEM分析了炭/炭复合材料断口形貌。结果表明,臭氧氧化使沥青基炭纤维表面含氧官能团和表面粗糙度增加,提高了沥青基炭纤维的表面能。炭/炭复合材料力学性能得到明显提高。     

化学镀镍磷合金研究进展

化学镀镍磷合金镀层由于其优良的耐磨耐蚀,无磷和镀层均匀等特性,在许多领域得到广泛应用,本文综述了化学镀镍磷合金在各方面的研究进展,对化学镀镍磷工艺,沉积过程及沉积机理,镀层组织结构,性能及应用作了详细论述。     

Enhanced electromagnetic-interference shielding effectiveness and mechanical strength of Co-Ni coated aramid-carbon blended fabric

An efficient method was proposed to prepare high-performance conductive Aramid-Carbon Blend Fabrics (ACBF) with cobalt–nickel (Co-Ni) alloy coatings, which is conducive to industrial production. The grid-like substrate composed of aramid and carbon fibers was innovatively used in flexible Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding materials. The natural network structure is advantageous to the uniform deposition of metal particles to the establishment of conductive pathways subsequently in order to improve conductivity. The induction of a synergistic effect from Electromagnetic (EM) wave-reflection and EM wave-absorption through the whole carbon-Co-Ni-ternary system notably enhanced the EMI Shielding Effectiveness (SE) value to an average of 42.57 dB in the range of 30–6000 MHz. On the other hand, together with the inherent toughness of the alloy coatings, the tensile strength of the aramid fibers used for bulletproof made a significant contribution to the desired mechanical properties. The light weight of the resultant composite made it applicable to aerospace vehicles simultaneously. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to investigate the variations of elements and groups on the sample surface in pre-treating process. The elemental components and surface morphologies of fabric samples during different stages of the process were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectrometer (EDX) measurements. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the obtained Co-Ni alloy coating had a combined Hexagonal Closed-Packed (HCP) and Faced-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystalline phase. The relatively high corrosion resistance demonstrated in different acid and alkaline conditions was instrumental in more complex environments as well.     

扫描隧道显微镜对粘胶基碳纤维表面微观结构的研究

用扫描隧道显微镜（STM）对粘胶基碳纤维（RCF）表面的微观结构进行了研究，首次获得了原子级的RCF图像，对其原子间距作了精确地量化，并且尝试着将所得到的图像与高定向降解石墨（HOPG）相比较，以期对RCF的微观结构有更深入的了解，在原子级尺度上，发现了原子排列并不规则的石墨状结构，二维视图量化结果表明：相邻原子间距为0．142nm，最近六圆环中心的距离是0．253nm。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al的化学镀镍

在进行无钯活化预处理后,对高体积分数SiCp/Al进行化学镀镍,研究了温度和pH值对镀层和沉积速度的影响。采用SEM观察镀层形貌,通过EDX测定镀层的镍磷含量,并用XRD分析了镀层的显微结构。结果表明:在特殊预处理后,采用化学镀镍,可在高体积分数SiCp/Al表面沉积上致密、均匀、结合牢固的镍镀层,镀层为微晶结构,属于中磷镀层。     

SiC/SiC复合材料的力学性能

采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)法制备了具有热解碳界面层的2.5维SiC/SiC复合材料.研究了残余孔洞及热解碳界面层厚度对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:材料弯曲强度受纤维束之间大孔的影响很小,主要与纤维间的小孔有关,随小孔尺寸和数量的减小而增大.当气孔率低于27%时,小孔的数量和尺寸均变化不大,材料强度提高有限.90nm厚热解碳界面层的存在使材料由破坏性断裂变为非破坏性断裂,强度由174MPa增加到305MPa.进一步增加界面层厚度,纤维受到损伤,材料的力学性能下降.界面层为180nm和310nm厚时SiC/SiC的强度分别为274MPa和265MPa,纤维拔出数量少,材料近似破坏性断裂.     

Effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has unique advantages in the rapid prototyping of thermoplastics which have been developed in diverse fields. However, although great efforts have been made to optimize FDM process, the mechanical properties of printed parts are limited by the weak interlamination bonding as well as the poor performance of raw filaments used, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA). Adding fibers into thermoplastic matrix and preparing high-performance filaments have been indicated to enhance the properties of fabricated parts. Recently, heat-resistant polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its fiber reinforced composites were proposed for FDM process due to overcoming the limitation of equipment and process. However, few researches have been reported on the effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Therefore, 5wt% carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PEEK composite filaments were prepared respectively in this study. The effects of various printing parameters including nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed and layer thickness on the mechanical properties (including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength) were surveyed. To analyze the microstructure and failure reasons of printed CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK samples, the tensile fractured surfaces were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

化学气相渗透制备氧化硅基复合材料

 以正硅酸乙酯为氧化硅先驱体,以 Nextel4 80纤维三维编织体作为沉积载体,采用化学气相渗透的方法制备了 Nextel4 80 /氧化硅复合材料。研究了正硅酸乙酯温度和沉积温度对沉积速率和渗透效果的影响,分析了沉积过程中产生瓶颈效应和固相粉末的原因以及沉积产物的相和复合材料的显微结构。结果表明 :1沉积速率随正硅酸乙酯温度和沉积温度的升高而显著升高;2瓶颈效应是由于正硅酸乙酯浓度过高,导致沉积速率过快引起的;3固相粉末是因为沉积温度过高,正硅酸乙酯分子或分解的过渡产物在到达沉积区域前已经完全分解引起的;4正硅酸乙酯为先驱体的化学气相沉积产物为无定型氧化硅;5化学气相沉积获得的无定型氧化硅基体与纤维有较佳的热匹配。