二、锥蜗杆蜗轮传动的数学基础

一、齿轮轮齿的一阶作用的普遍规律如果将有关齿轮轮齿的作用的某些基本概念弄清楚了,那么锥蜗杆蜗轮是比较容易了解的。实际上,锥蜗杆蜗轮就是这些概念的系统化的阐述,用这些概念来发展新的齿轮。大多数的齿轮是绕固定轴转动的,它们之间的角速度比是恒定的。这些固定轴可以是平行的、相交的或交叉的,而各类齿轮就是按这些相对位置的运动加工出来的。所有这些齿轮的共轭作用可由与之完全通用的齿轮轮齿的一阶作用的普遍规律表示,关于这个规     

湍流边界层分离区的瞬间测量和统计描述

一、前言 正如大家所熟悉的,在层流边界层的情况下,只要主流是定常的,那么分离的位置就是确定的。但是湍流边界层则不同,即使主流是定常的,分离的位置也是变动的,并且不会是二维的。湍流边界层的这个性质的发现,引起了人们的兴趣和对于分离概念的     

论新型城镇化背景下的人的现代化

城镇化是现代化的必由之路,尽管在发展的硬指标上新型城镇化的任务还比较艰巨,但也不能因此而忽视城镇化的软指标,即人的现代化.人的现代化的核心在于文化观念的转换,传统文化的观念系统存在着诸多影响现代化发展的因素.开展持久的关于现代文化意识的启蒙教育,在政治、经济制度领域实现彻底的现代转型,是实现人的现代化的关键.     

飞控系统的模糊模型及其研究

在Takagi-Sugeno模型的基础上,建立了飞控系统的模糊模型。讨论了该模型的整体渐近稳定性,给出了判定该模型的整体渐近稳定的充分条件和满足一定条件的控制器的设计方法。最后对国产某飞机的纵向短周期运动系统的分析说明本文的模型是合适的,方法是有效的。     

温度、密度对目标等离子体隐身效果影响的FDTD分析

采用等温近似,给出覆盖目标的不均匀的、各项同性的、热的、碰撞的、等离子体的电磁反射的三维FDTD算法的公式。在一维条件下,计算了不同密度分布、不同温度的等离子体对电磁波的反射系数。给出了温度、密度对电磁波在等离子体中的碰撞吸收的影响。结果显示,增大等离子体的温度和密度将有利于等离子体对电磁波的吸收,增大吸收的带宽,减小等离子体覆盖目标对电磁波的反射。     

对地攻击飞机的作战方式和性能要求

对地攻击飞机是现代战争的主力，在最近几次局部战争中发挥着重要的作用，目前世界各国将攻击飞机作为发展空中力量的重点。军事技术的发展和武器装备的改进使现代战争的作战环境发生了巨大的变化，为对地攻击飞机提供了更多的发挥优势的机会。对地攻击既是进攻的主要方式，也是防御的积极手段。利用我方的攻击力量，对可能会袭击我方的敌方作战力量予以摧毁，是阻止敌人进攻的最有效的手段。为了适应作战环境的变化，发挥攻击飞机的作战优势，要求采用高新技术，提高攻击飞机的作战性能，为攻击飞机的作战方式的变化提供物质基础。现代战争对攻击飞机提出了新的要求，航空技术的发展为飞机性能的提高奠定了技术基础，两者协调统一构成了攻击飞机的发展方向。     

学习型组织理论与民航人力资源开发

建立学习型组织是知识经济时代发展的要求。民航人力资源的开发对民航行业的发展起着巨大的推动作用。本文试图从学习型组织的提出、学习型组织的内涵、创建学习型组织的意义等方面,结合我国民航的具体情况,阐明如何将学习型组织的理念引入民航人力资源开发以及学习型组织的理念引入对民航人力资源开发具有深远而重大的意义。一什么是学习型组织?所谓学习型组织,是指通过培养组织的学习气氛、充分发挥员工的创造性而建立起来的一种有机的、柔性的、扁平的、人性的、持续发展的组织。它具有如下几个要素:拥有终身学习的理论和机制;建有多元回…     

马克思交往理论的革命性意义——兼评"主体际"交往观

马克思的交往理论不仅揭示了人的活动的前提,而且揭示了前提本身的否定方面,即"非人的"社会关系的存在,亦即人的实践活动的批判维度,从而实现了对抽象的"人"及其关系的彻底颠覆。而主体际交往观所规定的主体本质上是虚幻的。     

独立指数分布期望参数的Γ极小极大估计

在参数的部分先验信息已知的条件下所获得的Γ极小极大估计是一种介于有确定的先验分布函数的Bayes估计和无先验信息的极小极大估计之间的估计方法,因而更切合实际.以往的研究对二项分布参数的线性组合及负二项分布的参数在某些限制条件下的Γ极小极大估计做了讨论.本文给出了独立指数分布的期望参数在一般的先验矩限制下的Γ极小极大估计,同时讨论了两种特殊情况,即给出了在仅有先验二阶矩限制下的以及有确定的先验一阶矩和二阶矩限制下的指数分布的期望参数的Γ极小极大估计.     

PDM产品IMAN及其工程化实施

在总结PDM系统实施经验的基础上,概括性地介绍了PDM系统,特别是IMAN的主要特点和功能,并简要描述了实施PDM系统的主要过程、所建立的系统概况以及下一步的工作内容。文章的重点在于总结PDM系统实施的经验,包括管理制度的科学性、目标的长远性及实施的阶段性、效益的长远性、系统应用的强制性和实施工作的合作性等。旨在对PDM及其系统的实施有一初步的了解。     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

三角波信号波形参数的测量不确定度

通过使用波形测量手段和最小二乘直线拟合方法，对三角波信号的波峰、波谷、中值、幅度、频率、沿斜率、沿线性度、对称性等指标进行了精确评价，详细讨论了方法的实现过程以及有关技术问题，并对各项参数指标进行了不确定度分析。实验验证结果表明了该方法的有效性和实用性，该方法可应用到三角波信号源的性能指标评价中。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

圆弧端齿对涡轮螺栓连接影响的数值研究

为验证某型民用航空发动机涡轮总体设计方案的可行性和安全性,以该型航空发动机涡轮的圆弧端齿连接结构为研究对象,利用有限元数值模拟方法研究了涡轮第1级盘与前轴之间采用圆弧端齿连接的设计对结构强度和疲劳失效的影响,分析了在高温及不同预紧力载荷工况下对圆弧端齿连接强度、疲劳等性能的影响规律.研究表明:该设计存在涡轮第1级盘与高压涡轮轴连接的外端齿分离而导致振动的风险,而增大预紧力可以提高螺栓连接传递荷载的能力,但螺栓孔边存在局部高应力问题.研究结果为圆弧端齿的设计方案提供了有效理论支撑和参考.     

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

Power characteristics of a variable hydraulic transformer

The flow control of hydraulic transformers is a great challenge.To meet this challenge,a new kind of hydraulic transformer,variable hydraulic transformer(VHT),is proposed in this work.This paper focuses on the power characteristics of the newly proposed VHT,including instantaneous power,average power,power pulsation,and efficiency.In the analyses,the concepts of efficiency,input power,output power,starting angle,and ceasing angle are defined or redefined.To investigate the power characteristics,their models are derived by considering the governing factors such as the control angle of the swash plate and the structure of the port plate.This work highlights that the load flow can be adjusted by adjusting the control angle of the swash plate,and the power characteristics at the B-port produce a remarkable change.In addition,the VHT has a starting angle and a ceasing angle,and these two angles can be adjusted by the influencing factors.The results reveal that the power pulsation and the jump points of the instantaneous power are the primary causes of a less smooth work.Then,it is shown that the control angle of the port plate,the control angle of the swash plate,and the pressures at the ports are the three key elements for a stable operation.The results also reveal that the adjustment of the influencing factors can improve the efficiency.     

Large Amplitude Flexural Vibration of the Orthotropic Composite Plate Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy Fibers

研究了形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维混杂复合材料大挠度层合板的非线性自由与受迫振动特性。基于描述SMA力学行为的Brinson理论以及层合板材料性能预测的混合率,建立了SMA纤维混杂复合材料大挠度层合板的本构方程,基于对称层合各向异性弹性板的非线性理论,建立了以横向挠度和应力函数表示的板的横向振动方程和相容方程。采用Galerkin近似解法将振动方程化为时间变量的含有3次非线性项的Duffing型常微分方程,采用谐波平衡法(HBM)获得系统的固有频率方程和强迫振动稳态频率响应方程。数值计算表明,非线性板自由振动频率比与激励温度的关系具有与线性板相同的特征,马氏体相向奥氏体相转变阶段温度对板的振动频响特性曲线的影响最显著,同时也讨论了SMA纤维含量、板的纵横比以及自由振动幅值对板的非线性频率比的影响。     

面向自动铺放的预浸料动态黏性实验研究

为解决自动铺放过程中预浸料铺贴适宜性问题,以预浸料对模具黏附性及预浸料自身黏附性为考察对象,试制了一套基于剥离实验的动态黏性测试装置,并结合本装置对剥离实验机理加以分析。采用固定其中2种参数,考察第3种参数法研究压力和温度对预浸料与模具及自身黏附性行为的影响。结果表明,2种模式下随着压力的增大,动态刚度值和黏性值均增大;随着温度的升高,动态刚度值降低,黏性值先增大后降低。该研究结果为后续自动铺放工艺研究奠定了理论基础。