三级涡流器环形燃烧室化学反应流场的数值研究

在三维曲线坐标系下采用多区域耦合法对包括三级涡流器在内的环形燃烧室三维两相反应整体流场进行了数值模拟。计算中采用区域法和偏微分方程法生成三维贴体网格，采用标准k双方程紊流模型，EBU-Ar-rhenius紊流燃烧模型和六通量热辐射模型。在非交错网格体系下，气相用SIMPLE法求解，液相采用颗粒群轨道模型，并用PSIC算法对其进行数值求解。计算结果表明，程序编制可靠，建立的三维网格生成和流场计算程序可为燃烧室优化设计和研制提供有用的数据。     

数值分析二级涡流器环形燃烧室的燃烧性能

采用多维经验分析法在任意曲线坐标系下对包括二级突扩扩压器、双级轴向涡流器及火焰筒在内的单头部环形燃烧室的燃烧性能进行计算.并对RNGk-ε紊流模型加以改进, 使其更适用于数值模拟非交错贴体坐标系下的三维两相化学反应流.采用EBU-Arrhenius紊流燃烧模型、六通量热辐射模型以及颗粒群轨道模型对油雾燃烧进行模拟.同时, 数值分析了不同涡流器几何尺寸对燃烧室整体流场和燃烧性能的影响, 数值计算结果与实验数据相当一致, 表明计算方法合理, 计算程序可靠, 可用来估算环形燃烧室的燃烧性能.      

数值研究涡流器对环形燃烧室燃烧性能的影响

数值研究不同类型涡流器对环形燃烧室流场与性能的影响.采用分区耦合方法分别生成两级轴向、斜切径向及三级轴向涡流器的环形燃烧室的结构化网格,在任意曲线坐标系下对带有扩压器、涡流器、火焰筒和内外环冷却通道的三种环形燃烧室三维两相燃烧整体流场进行计算,气相和液相分别采用Euler与Lagrange法处理,采用多维/经验分析法估算燃烧室性能.计算与实验比较相符表明,可利用本文计算方法预测不同涡流器对燃烧室流场和燃烧室性能的影响.      

燃烧室贫油熄火极限数值预测

在任意曲线坐标系下分别对双级轴向涡流器矩形燃烧室及涡流杯回流环形燃烧室三维两相反应流场进行数值模拟,采用RNG(renormalization group)k-ε,SOM-EBU(second order moment-eddy break up model)及六通量辐射等模型考虑紊流流动、化学反应及辐射传热对燃烧过程的影响;采用SI MPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation)算法求解流场,气液两相耦合采用颗粒源项法处理.采用提出的燃油稳态逐次逼近法对贫油熄火极限进行数值预测,所得计算值与实验数据较为相符,表明此数值预测方法可靠,可用于工程实践.      

环形回流燃烧室两相反应流场的数值研究

本文在任意曲线坐标系下,采用区域数据即时传递法,对包括冷却通道在内的整个环形回流燃烧室的三维两相反应流进行了数值模拟。气相采用Euler方法处理,并采用标准k-ε双方程紊流模型,EBU-Arrhenius紊流燃烧模型,六通量热辐射模型,液相采用Lagrange法处理。在非交错网格体系下,气相用SIMPLE法求解,液相采用颗粒群轨道模型,并用PSIC算法对其进行数值求解。      

环形燃烧室两相喷雾燃烧的大涡模拟

在三维任意曲线坐标系下采用欧拉-拉格朗日两相大涡模拟方法对环形燃烧室火焰筒气液两相紊流瞬态反应流进行数值模拟.采用椭圆偏微分方程生成三维贴体网格,计算中所采用的数学度模型有:k方程亚网格尺度模型估算亚网格紊流粘性;亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率;热通量辐射模型估算辐射换热.并在非交错网格体系下气相采用SIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解,液相采用随机离散模型(Stachasttc Separated Flow,简称SSF),在拉格朗日坐标系下追踪各油珠群沿各自轨道运动、质量损失及能量变化.通过计算结果与实验数据相比较,表明在三维贴体坐标系下对燃烧室火焰筒两相紊流油雾燃烧流场进行大涡模拟,采用欧拉-拉格朗日两相大涡模拟方法能反映两相紊流化学反应流流动及实际燃烧过程.     

RNG k-ε模型数值模拟油雾燃烧流场

采用RNG(R enorm alization G roup)k-ε紊流模型对某环形燃烧室火焰筒内三维两相燃烧流场进行数值模拟。运用偏微分方程法和区域法生成贴体网格,EBU-A rrhen ius紊流燃烧模型估算化学反应速率,六通量热辐射模型估算辐射通量。在非交错网格下求解气相采用S IM PLE算法,液相采用颗粒轨道模型和PS IC算法。近壁区处理分别采用两层和三层壁面函数。计算数据与试验值比较表明,采用三层壁面函数的RNG k-ε模型更适用于模拟三维两相燃烧流场。      

数值研究环形回流燃烧室紊流燃烧流场

在任意曲线坐标系下,采用四步反应机理数值研究回流环形燃烧室内燃烧过程中间及最终产物的生成.采用重整化群k-ε模型、涡团耗散模型及离散坐标法分别模拟紊流黏性、燃烧反应速率及辐射传热;采用随机颗粒轨道模型描述油珠温度、运动及其尺寸变化等过程;采用PISO(pressure implicits plit-oper-ator)算法对离散方程进行求解;在非交错网格体系下,预估该燃烧室三维两相燃烧流场以及燃烧产物分布.计算与实验结果较为相符,表明本文的数值方法及模型可靠,可为环形回流燃烧室的优化设计及污染物减排提供技术支持.      

三维贴体坐标系下燃烧室热态流场的大涡模拟

大涡模拟三维贴体坐标系下环形燃烧室火焰简热态紊流瞬态流场。利用椭圆方程方法生成三维贴体网格，计算中采用k方程亚网格尺度模型估算亚网格紊流粘性；亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率；热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。并在非交错网格系下采用sIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程，利用壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果与实验结果的比较表明，采用大涡模拟方法能更真实反映环形燃烧室火焰简内紊流化学反应流气流结构和燃烧过程。     

回流燃烧室燃烧过程的三维数值模拟

在三维任意曲线坐标系下数值模拟回流燃烧室火焰筒内两相燃烧过程,采用RNG k-ε模型模拟紊流粘性,EBU-Arrhenius模型模拟燃烧反应速率、离散坐标模型以及六通量模型考虑辐射传热,液相采用颗粒轨道模型,气相采用SIMPLE算法求解,并用PSIC算法考虑气液两相之间的相互作用的影响,计算得到燃烧室内速度、温度等各气流参数分布.通过将计算与实验结果对比表明,计算方法可靠,离散坐标模型优于六通量辐射模型,更适用于模拟火焰筒内两相燃烧流场.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。