耦合六自由度运动弹性飞机阵风响应数值模拟

耦合飞机刚体六自由度运动,考虑飞机结构气动弹性变形,基于全湍流Navier—Stokes方程流场数值模拟方法．建立了离散阵风作用下弹性飞行器气动载荷与飞行姿态响应的数值模拟技术。其中模态空间中结构动力学方程以及六自由度运动方程分别采用四阶R—K进行时间推进求解,采用RadialBasicFunction（RBF）技术进行气动／结构数据耦合。对应飞机姿态以及弹性变形采用RBF与TFI组合模式的动网格方法进行网格更新;以飞翼布局弹性飞机为数值研究对象,研究了离散阵风作用下飞行器的气动载荷响应以及飞行姿态的变化,对比分析了刚性飞行器与弹性飞行器对离散阵风响应的区别,为进一步系统地分析真实飞机飞行品质提供数值平台。     

弹性飞机尾涡遭遇动响应分析方法

根据库塔-儒可夫斯基定理求解得到飞机产生的尾涡强度,并基于离散阵风非定常气动力计算思路,发展了尾涡非定常气动力计算方法。通过频域求得弹性飞机动响应,再利用傅里叶反变换求得时域动响应。分析了某型飞机垂直穿越尾涡时的机体动响应,尾涡引起的弹性过载最大可达到1.3,在该类飞机的设计过程中需要考虑尾涡引起的动载荷对机体强度安全性的影响。     

波阵风中的弹性飞机动力学建模与仿真

爆炸产生的波阵风以超声速或声速传播，且携带了高能扰动能量，它会对飞机产生显著的扰动作用甚至破坏作用。本文阐述了爆炸波阵风的模型，定义了波阵风与飞机的作用方法。将波阵风对飞机的作用折算为下洗效应，采用亚声速偶极子格网法，推导了波阵风对飞机的非定常激励力计算公式，基于此建立了波阵风中的弹性飞机动力学模型，提出了波阵风中的弹性飞机动响应仿真流程。数值仿真结果表明：波阵风激励力计算方法有效，能满足工程实践需求；在质心处，弹性飞机与刚体飞机的动响应差异不大；在翼尖区域，由于气动弹性效应，弹性飞机与刚体飞机的动响应结果有显著差别；波阵风的激励能量主要集中于1 Hz以下，在构建弹性飞机动力学模型时可以忽略振动频率比较高的弹性模态。     

运输机空投的飞行动力学建模及仿真

针对现代大飞机双列式空投及重型空投的发展现状,建立了全量模型研究空投过程中飞机动态特性问题。考虑空投过程中货物与飞机之间的运动耦合及货物非对称布局的影响,分别选取货物、全机作为独立实体,在惯性系下从牛顿力学基本原理出发,用矢量方法推导空投过程中货物和全机的动力学方程;经过坐标转换,得到动力学方程在体轴系下的形式,并补充运动学方程,使方程组满足封闭性要求,从而建立完整的矢量动力学模型。通过两个仿真算例,分析了飞机与货物运动耦合的影响及双列投放时的飞行特性,验证了模型的合理性。     

基于气动力降阶的弹性飞机阵风响应仿真分析及验证

低速飞机在阵风作用下容易产生非线性气动力,从而引发非线性气动弹性效应,对飞行安全造成威胁。针对此类问题的分析,经典面元法无法满足计算精度要求,计算流体力学(CFD)/计算结构动力学(CSD)全阶耦合分析效率低下,因此需建立满足工程应用的高精度、高效率的飞行动力学仿真分析模型。针对以上问题提出了一种适用于工程的非线性气动力降阶模型(ROM)用以实现弹性飞机飞行动力学仿真,特别是低速飞机在遭遇大幅值阵风情况下的阵风响应仿真。以风洞试验飞翼飞机模型为对象,利用CFD方法获得了该模型的气动力数据,利用自回归移动平均(ARMA)方法和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络方法分别建立了该模型的线性气动力ROM和非线性修正气动力ROM。结合模型的刚弹耦合飞行动力学方程对模型遭遇阵风情况下的响应进行仿真分析,并将仿真结果和风洞试验结果及CFD/CSD计算结果进行对比。结果表明建立的基于非线性气动力ROM的弹性飞机仿真模型在气动力预测、稳定性分析及阵风响应分析方面的表现都优于基于线性气动力ROM的仿真模型,和试验结果及CFD/CSD分析结果一致性较好,且所建模型在相同工况下的仿真时间远低于CFD/CSD分析方法...     

基于速度分裂法的翼型阵风响应及减缓数值模拟

国内现阶段飞行器阵风响应CFD模拟通常采用网格速度法（FVM）,而近年提出的更为准确的速度分裂法（SVM）目前主要针对刚性飞行器阵风响应分析。本文将SVM拓展至弹性翼型的One-Minus-Cosine阵风响应计算和减缓研究。基于动态网格系统非定常Navier-Stokes方程,将阵风条件下的速度场分解为阵风速度与背景速度的叠加,理论推导出SVM阵风模拟控制方程,结果表明,FVM是SVM忽略源项后的一种近似方法。进一步建立起弹性翼型阵风响应预测的CFD/CSD时域耦合算法和基于俯仰控制的阵风响应减缓数值模拟方法。算例分析了NACA0012刚性及弹性翼型的One-Minus-Cosine阵风响应,计算结果与文献数据一致,在此基础上分析了阵风尺度、黏性和结构弹性对阵风响应的影响。开展了NACA64A010弹性翼型One-Minus-Cosine阵风减缓模拟,结果表明：单一的沉浮速度控制输入量更有利于减缓阵风载荷峰值,而沉浮速度、俯仰角相结合的控制输入量则能同时减缓翼型的沉浮和俯仰运动。本文工作可为三维飞行器阵风响应和减缓研究提供参考。     

弹性机翼阵风减缓控制策略风洞试验

介绍了2种用于弹性机翼阵风减缓的控制策略。第1种控制策略是模态阻尼增强的阵风减缓（MDEGA）,通过反馈翼尖振动速度驱动副翼做卸载偏转,从而减缓机翼的动载荷及振动。第2种控制策略是基于阵风感知的阵风抑制（GSBGS）,由阵风探测器感知阵风速度并前馈给副翼做出偏转,利用副翼操纵力抵消阵风载荷。为验证2种控制策略的实施效果,以某弹性飞机缩比模型的大展弦比机翼为研究对象,进行了阵风载荷减缓原理风洞试验。试验结果表明2种控制器对机翼一弯模态的阵风响应减缓效果显著,翼根弯矩和翼尖过载峰值的减缓量均超过50%。与MDEGA相比GSBGS对峰值外频率点阵风响应的减缓更加有效。2种控制策略各具特点,可为工程设计提供参考：MDEGA等效于增加结构阻尼,不需要精确测量阵风,但受气动伺服弹性稳定性约束;GSBGS是开环控制,不改变飞机动态特性,但严重依赖于阵风探测的精度。     

民用飞机地面载荷动态设计方法

为解决民用飞机地面载荷动态响应设计问题,文中根据适航规章CCAR25部,提出了一种民用飞机地面载荷动响应分析方法。利用Adams软件与Nastran软件,仿真弹性飞机着陆与滑行动载荷,计算全机动态响应,并计算全机地面载荷包线,结果用于强度设计。这一方法分析已应用于某民用飞机的载荷设计中。     

基于遗传算法的柔性飞翼布局阵风减缓设计

将飞翼布局飞机的阵风减缓设计转化为多目标优化问题.基于气动伺服弹性稳定裕度修正个体适应度,建立了改进的多目标非支配排序遗传-阵风减缓算法(NSGA-GLA算法).基于无控飞机的阵风响应特性,提出了阵风减缓控制方案.以翼根弯矩、俯仰角速率和舵偏角最小为目标,采用NSGA-GLA算法对控制器增益参数进行了优化.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够有效改善飞机的阵风响应特性,实现阵风减缓.     

运输机离散阵风载荷分析

依据CCAR-25-R4对离散阵风载荷设计的规范要求,开展了离散阵风载荷仿真分析,研究了商业软件ZAERO和Nastran在离散阵风载荷计算方面的吻合性。以T型尾翼布局的某支线客机为例,建立了相同的数学模型、选定了相同的仿真参数,分别采用商业软件ZAERO和Nastran进行了离散阵风动响应和动载荷计算。对比结果表明,对于算例飞机,亚声速情况下,ZAERO和Nastran软件在离散阵风载荷计算方面展现了良好的吻合性;大部件的载荷相差小,载荷相对误差的绝对值不大于3%。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.