无人驾驶直升机纵向姿态运动的模糊控制研究

介绍了基于模糊逻辑的无人驾驶直升机纵向姿态运动的模糊控制系统设计方法，并根据直升机的飞行控制系统具有快速动态特性的伺服机构的特点，在Ｆｕｚｚｙ控制系统中设置滤波器，平滑控制信号，削弱伺服机构振荡运动，经仿真证明该控制方案是可行的。     

伺服机构负载模拟系统设计与动态特性分析

针对火箭发动机喷管伺服机构的负载模拟问题,采用机械的方式,设计了一种可对伺服机构的惯性负载、摩擦力矩负载、弹性力矩负载、安装刚度以及发动机喷管柔性特征进行模拟的负载模拟器,并建立了模拟器和伺服机构数学模型。仿真分析了惯性负载、弹性力矩以及喷管柔性对伺服机构负载多自由度特性的影响。通过对伺服机构扫频实验,负载模拟器中的负载在一定范围内调节,可复现伺服机构实际工作中的动态特性。说明该负载模拟器结构设计合理,从而为具有多自由度特性的火箭伺服机构的负载模拟系统设计提供参考。该系统已经得到实际应用。     

非线性空间飞行器系统的解耦滑模控制

提出了非线性空间飞行器系统采用滑动模态控制方法,它对强非线性的空间飞行器系统通道间交叉影响进行解耦. 在大的参数变化和外干扰下,解耦空间飞行器具有优良的鲁棒性.它的姿态稳定和机动飞行控制的数字仿真支持了本文结果的有效性.     

空间四面体翻滚机器人运动学分析及仿真实验

对四面体及多面体机器人的研究现状进行了分析.介绍了空间四面体翻滚机器人的结构,由6根伸缩臂和4个顶部节点平台组成,通过伸缩臂的运动可以使四面体的重心失稳,实现翻滚运动.结合四面体翻滚机器人的运动形式,给出了翻滚的临界条件,根据不同的运动阶段对四面体翻滚机器人进行了运动学分析.利用Adams虚拟样机技术对四面体翻滚机器人进行了运动学仿真,并进行了样机的实验,验证了方法的正确性.该分析结果可进一步用于空间四面体翻滚机器人的动力学分析和优化设计.     

磁悬浮转子状态反馈解耦自抗扰控制方法

针对磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺(MSCSG)转子偏转通道强耦合及航天器姿态测量过程中受扰失稳问题,提出了一种磁悬浮转子偏转解耦抗干扰控制方法。分析了转子两自由度偏转耦合现象,设计了基于状态反馈的解耦控制器;建立了MSCSG在姿态测量过程中航天器的姿态运动对磁悬浮转子产生的干扰力矩模型,采用自抗扰控制器(ADRC)抑制磁悬浮转子的外部干扰;对所建立的扩展状态观测器(ESO)跟踪性和系统稳定性进行了分析,通过调节ADRC中非线性状态误差反馈控制律系数,实现了系统有界输入条件下的稳定。仿真结果表明：状态反馈解耦能够实现偏转自由度的完全解耦,ESO具有良好的跟踪性能,ADRC较传统PID控制方法具有更好的抗干扰性能。     

铰链展开式构型航天器设计及其动力学仿真

基于航天器结构的模块化设计概念,设计了一种空间可展开航天器模块化结构构型,即铰链展开式构型。利用虚拟样机技术,建立了模块化本体和太阳翼虚拟样机模型。在空间失重环境下,分析了模块化本体和太阳翼在3种展开顺序下（本体各模块和太阳翼同时展开、太阳翼先展开本体各模块后展开和本体各模块先展开太阳翼后展开）对航天器姿态的影响,同时对比了不同扭簧参数对姿态角和展开时间的影响。仿真结果表明该模型可为未来高机动、多型态、多用途自适应变构型航天器的设计以及空间姿态控制提供技术支持和借鉴。     

基于双目视觉的自动空中加油近距导航方法

为解决插头锥管式自动空中加油中的近距精确导航问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉的近距导航方法.该方法使用受油机上的两个摄像机拍摄加油锥管端面上光学标记的图像,采用轮廓跟踪法检测图像中的光斑区域,并将其灰度重心作为光学标记的像点,根据对极几何约束完成像点的匹配,利用空间圆形拟合法计算加油锥管的位置和姿态.建立了空中加油的三维虚拟场景对该导航方法进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该方法在近距离加油对接时具有很高的位置和姿态测量精度,可以满足自动空中加油的需要.      

空间平台姿态联合控制律设计

空间平台发射有效载荷会对平台姿态产生很大的扰动,为快速消除扰动影响并使平台稳定,选取推力器与反作用飞轮进行姿态联合稳定控制,提出了基于推力器的极小时间控制律和基于反作用飞轮的滑模变结构控制律,前者用于快速抑制扰动,后者用于姿态精确稳定,并提出一种控制律切换方法.对空间动能发射后平台的姿态稳定过程进行数学仿真,结果表明,设计的姿态联合控制律能够快速抑制平台姿态扰动,最终消除挠性部件振动达到精确稳定.     

飞轮控制的欠驱动刚体航天器姿态控制器设计

针对"三正交加斜装"反作用轮系统中某两个本体轴上的飞轮失效的欠驱动情况,研究了航天器的姿态控制问题.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,设计分段解耦控制律,实现了姿态稳定.采用欧拉角描述法建立了欠驱动航天器的姿态动力学方程和运动学方程.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,通过分析方程的解耦特性,设计了分段解耦控制律.该方法经过6次机动控制,可实现姿态稳定.数值仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

空间多体系统轨道姿态及机械臂一体化控制

针对在轨服务等新型任务对航天器快速机动能力的大幅提高,研究了卫星基座和机械臂构成的空间多体系统的轨道、姿态和机械臂的一体化控制设计问题。首先,建立了空间多体系统的动力学模型;然后,基于退步控制思想,设计了卫星基座、姿态与机械臂一体化控制器,并证明了系统的稳定性,由于利用了空间多体系统的所有自由度,相比传统的基座停控或只控制基座姿态而轨道停轨的方法,极大地提高了系统的适应能力,可同时实现空间大范围的轨道转移、姿态机动,同时利用机械臂对目标进行精确操作控制。通过建立完整的空间多体系统仿真模型,对控制器进行仿真,达到了同时进行轨道、姿态及机械臂末端机动的控制目的,并验证了所提方法的有效性。      

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。