从汉译英的赘冗和疏漏问题看汉英语法特征之差异——汉语语法的柔性之于英语语法的刚性

本文从汉译英的翻译实践出发，从英语译文的错误以及汉英译文对比中，去发现并分析汉语和英语语法特征的差异。论述了英语语法的刚性、显性和汉语语法的柔性、隐性，并从语言对思维的影响的角度，探讨了汉语语言文化的深邃独特和英语语言的缜密精确。     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

浅谈档案室的管理

如何加强档案规范化管理,充分发挥档案在实际工作中的作用,本文从档案的收集、整理、保管、利用和人员的素质五个方面来进行阐述。从而提高人们对档案室管理工作的认识,以确保档案室管理工作的进一步提高。     

一种多标校源的高轨伴星时差频差定位算法

针对高轨伴星时差频差无源定位系统中卫星位置、速度、时差和频差等参数的测量系统误差严重影响定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于四个或四个以上已知位置的地面标校源的高斯-牛顿定位算法。该算法首先利用差分法消除星间时差、频差测量的系统误差,再利用标校源的时差频差测量方程组估计出主星和伴星的相对位置和相对速度误差,最后结合时差、频差、地球球面以确定非合作辐射源位置。理论和数字仿真均表明在时差和频差测量的随机误差较小时,本文算法的均方根误差（MSE）接近克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。
     

HMX含量对HTPB复合固体推进剂微波衰减的影响

研究了HMX含量对HTPB复合固体推进剂微波衰减的影响。实验结果表明:含HMX的HTPB复合固体推进剂的微波衰减随HMX含量的增加而增加,HMX含量由5%增加到50%时,HTPB复合固体推进剂的微波衰减增加了约1倍。     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.     

高超声速跳跃-滑翔弹道方案设计及优化

针时常规弹道导弹突防能力差、成本高的缺点,提出了一种高超声速跣跃-滑翔弹道方案.以某弹道导弹为例,通过采用高升阻比外形和末级发动机多次点火技术,将其再入弹道设计成大气层边缘的跳跃-滑翔弹道,并以航程为目标对弹道进行了优化.结果表明,跳跃-滑翔弹道能大幅增加导弹航程,同时还具有较强的突防能力,而且当跳跃幅度较大时,还可减轻气动加热;优化后导弹的航程进一步增加,跳跃幅度减小,热流峰值减小,加热时间和总气动加热量增加.     

测控技术标准体系浅析

在新版《军用标准体系表》中,测控技术标准作为24项共用技术之一被单独列项,为测控技术标准体系建设提供了良好机遇。在扼要介绍新版《测控技术标准体系》的基础上,对新版《测控技术标准体系》的构建思路、技术特点进行了简要分析。     

涨落、协同、竞争及启示

运动的破缺产生差异，导致涨落，造成对系统原有方向、轨道的偏离，致使事物发展与进化，由此带来一系列富有生机和活力的启示。作为系统内在机制的协同与竞争，也深深地楔人了我们的生活。     

碳化硅纤维增强铝复合材料疲劳性能及疲劳破坏机理研究

介绍了SiC/Al复合材料单向板和正交板试样的拉—拉疲劳特性和疲劳破坏机理研究结果。研究结果表明,SiC/Al板试样拉—拉循环5×10~4次后,其剩余静拉伸强度系数超过0.87,随着循环应力水平的提高,材料的剩余静拉伸强度几乎没有变化,但声发射信号的起始峰值向应变增大方向移动;疲劳将导致复合材料表面产生温升,通过测量材料表面温度的变化,可以提前预告SiC/Al复合材料的疲劳破坏。     

基于粘附功的复合推进剂AP/基体界面损伤宏细观仿真

为研究复合推进剂AP/基体界面脱湿机理,建立了基于粘聚力界面模型的双尺度有限元损伤分析平台.为确定界面模型的输入参数,采用点滴法和Washburm毛细管上升法,分别测得基体与AP颗粒的接触角,再经Young's方程计算得到界面的粘附功.通过对不同体积分数下简化配方推进剂试件的拉伸试验结果与计算结果的对比显示,两者具有较...     

滚转偏转头导弹动态特性分析

基于复角模型,研究了弹头偏转对于偏转头导弹飞行稳定性和操纵性的影响。依据偏转头导弹的多体特点,建立了包含弹头和弹体动力学特征的滚转偏转头导弹多体动力学模型,通过模型简化,得出了其复角模型。以弹头偏角作为输入,攻角和侧滑角作为输出,得出了滚转偏转头导弹的传递函数。分析传递函数发现,弹头偏转主要影响了导弹传递函数的零点,文中给出了满足系统最小相位的条件公式;当弹体绕纵轴逆时针旋转时（由弹尾向前看）,导弹模型总为最小相位系统;定性分析了气动参数对于导弹运动稳定性的影响,得出弹头偏转运动对于飞行稳定性没有直接影响的结论;动力学仿真表明,弹头与弹体相互作用,导致两者产生相反的角运动。本研究表明,通过合理的选择气动和结构参数,并使导弹飞行过程中绕纵轴逆时针旋转,可以保证偏转头滚转导弹飞行过程中的运动稳定性,并有利于自动驾驶仪的设计。     

基于HLA的卫星组网通信与对抗仿真系统设计

介绍了一种基于HLA的卫星组网通信与对抗仿真系统设计框架,并较为详细地描述了其联邦与成员设计。基于此设计框架的目的系统能够提供虚拟空间战场环境,使部队进行可信度较高的空间信息作战演习,并进行相应的技术和战术研究。     

抗相参雷达的侦察干扰一体化处理技术

基于数字射频存储技术,提出了对相参体制雷达的侦察干扰一体化处理方案.通过对侦察和干扰技术的分别论述和整合研究,将传统上独立的侦察和干扰的主要数字处理算法集成在单个可编程器件内,大大提高了对相参雷达的干扰效能,减小了电子对抗设备的体积和功耗.     

超声速进气道流场三维数值模拟

超声速进气道是固体火箭冲压发动机至关重要的部件之一,直接影响燃烧室的燃烧及发动机性能。基于N-S方程、标准k-ε双方程湍流模型,利用FLUENT软件对某型固体火箭冲压发动机楔形超声速进气道内外流场进行了三维数值模拟。计算得到了超声速进气道在飞行马赫数为Ma=3.5的情况下的流场性能。并在相同马赫数下,研究了等比压缩和攻角条件下的进气道流场的分布情况。模拟结果表明：进气道的总压恢复系数和流量系数等性能指标受到攻角的影响而发生变化。     

基于卫星中继的导弹飞控数据链链路分析

导弹飞控数据链路可极大地提高导弹的作战性能.分析了基于卫星中继的导弹飞控数据链链路特性,给出了其系统组成结构.完成了地星链路和星弹链路系统的分析与设计.最后给出了各链路的通信余量估算.对导弹飞控数据链的工程实现具有参考意义.     

Toward optimizing lighting as a countermeasure to sleep and circadian disruption in space flight

Light is being used as a pre-launch countermeasure to circadian and sleep disruption in astronauts. The effect of light on the circadian system is readily monitored by measurement of plasma melatonin. Our group has established an action spectrum for human melatonin regulation and determined the region of 446-477 nm to be the most potent for suppressing plasma melatonin. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 460 and 555 nm for suppressing melatonin using a within-subjects design. Subjects (N=12) were exposed to equal photon densities (7.18 x 10(12) photons/cm2/s) at 460 and 555 nm. Melatonin suppression was significantly stronger at 460 nm (p<0.02). An extension to the action spectrum showed that 420 nm light at 16 and 32 microW/cm2 significantly suppressed melatonin (p<0.04 and p<0.002). These studies will help optimize lighting countermeasures to circadian and sleep disruption during spaceflight.     

How the design of a sleeping bag can support counter-measuring fatigue

The paper discusses six case studies of sleeping bag design, one used by astronauts onboard the Space Shuttle and another currently being used on the ISS, which was developed by a Russian company. Two inflatable designs, one by Wubbo Ockels for ESA and one by the University of Technology in Munich in cooperation with NASA are chosen as case studies as well. Two recent designs set a new paradigm and option of sleeping in zero-g. The cut of the sleeping bag of these two design case studies allows the person to relax and sleep in the neutral body position. They were developed by Toshiroh Ikegami from Kyoto City University of Arts and astronaut Chiaki Mukai for JAXA, and by the Vienna based team LIQUIFER Systems Group in cooperation with ESA-astronaut Gerhard Thiele.Currently there is an increased interest in astronauts' and cosmonauts' sleep quality and related comfort because analysis of their sleep quality showed that sleep during long exposure to microgravity does not always ensure good recovery of cognitive and functional capabilities. Present research in the area of sleep and performance preservation include studies by the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow and the NASA-JSC study from the Behavioral Health and Performance Element Human Research Program about improving sleep quality on ISS.In the context of the paper the operational medical challenges of sleep quality will be described in order to establish the relevance of effective sleeping bag designs to support spaceflight crewmembers' well-being.     

模块化弹载测控设备内总线交互技术研究与应用

长期以来,模块化设计一直是弹载测控设备主流的实现方法。然而,模块间的信息交互方式没有统一的标准,研制单位根据自身的技术特点、信号特征进行定义,其定义的方式直接影响或决定了弹载测控设备实现的难易程度。为研发一种高效的弹载测控设备内部互联技术,使得在弹载测控设备性能要求越来越复杂的当下,让模块的连接更简单更高效,通用化程度更高,本文从功能上及硬件上对弹载测控设备进行精细化架构划分,分成三大核心模块及功能扩展模块,并定义一种高效的模块级内总线接口形式及协议。总线包含一次供电、二次供电及内部交联信号的输入输出,信号的交互采用半双工总线形式,各模块均可在线访问总线,在线编辑总线。经设计与实验验证,采用该总线的设计方法使得弹载测控设备对外接口交互简单,在线生成遥测PCM (Pulse Code Modulation,脉冲编码调制)码流便捷高效,功能扩展模块可自由地叠加或减少,不增加总线接口的硬件负担,使得弹载测控设备通用化程度很高。     

卫星系统热特性分析

考虑空间轨道外热流、卫星表面自身辐射、热载荷等因素影响,建立卫星温度场计算模型,在采用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)法求解卫星复杂辐射边界条件的基础上,利用有限容积法对卫星在轨飞行阶段的瞬态温度场进行数值模拟,计算得到卫星瞬态温度场,并考虑其表面自身辐射及空间轨道外热流等因素,建立卫星红外辐射通量计算模型,计算得到不同时刻、不同热载荷情况下的卫星红外辐射通量分布,并简要分析了在轨卫星热控涂层衰减所带来的表面太阳吸收比的变化对卫星温度场的影响。