Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

Hyper Heuristic Approach for Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle

Satellite launch vehicle lies at the cross-road of multiple challenging technologies and its design and optimization present a typical example of multidisciplinary design and optimization(MDO) process.The complexity of problem demands highly effi-cient and effective algorithm that can optimize the design.Hyper heuristic approach(HHA) based on meta-heuristics is applied to the optimization of air launched satellite launch vehicle(ASLV).A non-learning random function(NLRF) is proposed to con-trol low-level meta-heuristics(LLMHs) that increases certainty of global solution,an essential ingredient required in product conceptual design phase of aerospace systems.Comprehensive empirical study is performed to evaluate the performance advan-tages of proposed approach over popular non-gradient based optimization methods.Design of ASLV encompasses aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,stages layout,mass distribution,and trajectory modules connected by multidisciplinary feasible design approach.This approach formulates explicit system-level goals and then forwards the design optimization process entirely over to optimizer.This distinctive approach for launch vehicle system design relieves engineers from tedious,iterative task and en-ables them to improve their component level models.Mass is an impetus on vehicle performance and cost,and so it is considered as the core of vehicle design process.Therefore,gross launch mass is to be minimized in HHA.     

An optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms based on multidisciplinary design optimization

The optimization of metamorphic mechanisms is different from that of the conventional mechanisms for its characteristics of multi-configuration. There exist complex coupled design variables and constraints in its multiple different configuration optimization models. To achieve the compatible optimized results of these coupled design variables, an optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms is developed in the paper based on the principle of multidisciplinary design optimization（MDO）. Firstly, the optimization characteristics of the metamorphic mechanism are summarized distinctly by proposing the classification of design variables and constraints as well as coupling interactions among its different configuration optimization models. Further, collaborative optimization technique which is used in MDO is adopted for achieving the overall optimization performance. The whole optimization process is then proposed by constructing a two-level hierarchical scheme with global optimizer and configuration optimizer loops. The method is demonstrated by optimizing a planar five-bar metamorphic mechanism which has two configurations,and results show that it can achieve coordinated optimization results for the same parameters in different configuration optimization models.     

Optimization on cooperative feed strategy for radial–axial ring rolling process of Inco718 alloy by RSM and FEM

During radial–axial ring rolling process,cooperative strategy of the radial–axial feed is critical for dimensional accuracy and thermo mechanical parameters distribution of the formed ring.In order to improve the comprehensive quality of the ring parts,response surface method(RSM) is employed for the first time to optimize the cooperative feed strategy for radial–axial ring rolling process by combining it with an improved and verified 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model.The feed trajectory is put forward to describe cooperative relationship of the radial–axial feed and three variables are designed based on the feed trajectory.In order to achieve multiobjective optimization,four responses including thermo mechanical parameters distribution and rolling force are proposed.Based on the FEM results,RSM is used to establish a response model to depict the function relationship between the objective response and design variables.Through this approximate model,effects of different variables on ring rolling process are analyzed connectedly and optimal feed strategy is obtained by resorting to the optimal chart specific to a constraint condition.     

一种高效的基于可靠性的多学科设计优化方法(英文)

Design for modem engineering system is becoming multidisciplinary and incorporates practical uncertainties; therefore, it is necessary to synthesize reliability analysis and the multidisciplinary design optimization （MDO） techniques for the design of complex engineering system. An advanced first order second moment method-based concurrent subspace optimization approach is proposed based on the comparison and analysis of the existing multidisciplinary optimization techniques and the reliability analysis methods. It is seen through a canard configuration optimization for a three-surface transport that the proposed method is computationally efficient and practical with the least modification to the current deterministic optimization process.     

Research on the intelligent design system for investment casting die of aero-engine turbine blade based on knowledge

To solve the problems in turbine blade investment casting die design process such as long design time,lacking of expert experience and low level of intelligence,knowledge-based engineering (KBE) was introduced in the turbine blade investment casting die design field. The key technologies of the intelligent design method were researched and a prototype system was developed. A hybrid reasoning model was prompted in which case-based reasoning (CBR) was applied to conceptual design and rule-based reasoning (RBR) was applied to parts design after research the design process and domain knowledge of casting die. In the conceptual design stage,a retrieval model which integrated nearest neighbor approach and knowledge-based retrieval approach was prompted to improve the retrieval efficiency. Meanwhile,RBR was used to modify the retrieval result. The practical application results indicate that this system can reuse the expert experience efficiently and heighten the die design efficiency and quality.      

Design and optimization of solid rocket motor Finocyl grain using simulated annealing

The research effort outlined the application of a computer aided design(CAD)-centric technique to the design and optimization of solid rocket motor Finocyl(fin in cylinder) grain using simulated annealing.The proper method for constructing the grain configuration model,ballistic performance and optimizer integration for analysis was presented.Finocyl is a complex grain configuration,requiring thirteen variables to define the geometry.The large number of variables not only complicates the geometrical construction but also optimization process.CAD representation encapsulates all of the geometric entities pertinent to the grain design in a parametric way,allowing manipulation of grain entity(web),performing regression and automating geometrical data calculations.Robustness to avoid local minima and efficient capacity to explore design space makes simulated annealing an attractive choice as optimizer.It is demonstrated with a constrained optimization of Finocyl grain geometry for homogeneous,isotropic propellant,uniform regression,and a quasi-steady,bulk mode internal ballistics model that maximizes average thrust for required deviations from neutrality.     

Robust design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle with inverse-design idea

This paper examines robust optimization design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle of flying wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) with the inverse-design idea.In view of flow features and stealth constraints, the inverse-design idea is described and the uncertainty-based robust design model is presented.A robust design system employs this model to combine deterministic optimization and robust optimization and is applied into design of a conformal expansion nozzle.The results indicate that design optimization can conform to the anticipation of the inversedesign idea and significantly improve the aerodynamic performance that meet the requirement of 6σ.The present method is a feasible nozzle design strategy that integrates robust optimization and inverse-design.     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

多学科设计优化在非常规布局飞机总体设计中的应用

以飞翼布局飞机总体设计为例,展示如何将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法有效地应用于非常规布局飞机总体设计.基于二级优化方法,提出一种飞机总体MDO实施流程.该流程包括系统级优化、子系统级优化(或评估)和多学科模型生成器3个部分.系统级优化的任务是优化全局设计变量,使系统目标最优.子系统级优化涉及的学科包括气动、隐身、结构、...     

Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Multistage Ground-launched Boost Phase Interceptor Using Hybrid Search Algorithm

This article proposes a multidisciplinary design and optimization (MDO) strategy for the conceptual design of a multistage ground-based interceptor (GBI) using hybrid optimization algorithm, which associates genetic algorithm (GA) as a global optimizer with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) as a local optimizer. The interceptor is comprised of a three-stage solid propulsion system for an exoatmospheric boost phase intercept (BPI). The interceptor's duty is to deliver a kinetic kill vehicle (KKV) to the optimal position in space to accomplish the mission of intercept. The modules for propulsion, aerodynamics, mass properties and flight dynamics are integrated to produce a high fidelity model of the entire vehicle. The propulsion module comprises of solid rocket motor (SRM) grain design, nozzle geometry design and performance prediction analysis. Internal ballistics and performance prediction parameters are calculated by using lumped parameter method. The design objective is to minimize the gross lift off mass (GLOM) of the interceptor under the mission constraints and performance objectives. The proposed design and optimization methodology provide designers with an efficient and powerful approach in computation during designing interceptor systems.     

考虑性能及成本的固体火箭发动机多学科设计优化

为综合考虑固体火箭发动机的燃烧室、药柱、内弹道、喷管及成本等学科影响,梳理学科间耦合关系,并建立了以总冲最大、成本最小为优化目标的固体火箭发动机多学科设计优化（MDO）模型。为降低MDO问题的计算成本,提出一种基于Kriging代理模型的多目标自适应优化方法（KRG-MAOM）。优化过程中,分别对目标与约束构建Kriging模型,并采用多目标优化算法求解,在伪Pareto解中综合考虑支配关系与分布特性选取新增样本点,引导优化快速收敛。算例结果表明,KRG-MAOM算法在全局收敛性与优化效率方面具有显著优势。最后,采用KRG-MAOM算法求解该MDO问题,得到可行的Pareto解集方案,与初始方案相比,同性能情况下成本节省约3.36%;同成本情况下性能提升约10.93%,从而验证MDO模型合理性与KRG-MAOM算法有效性。     

基于近似技术的高亚声速运输机机翼气动/结构优化设计

探索基于近似技术的高亚声速运输机机翼气动/结构多学科设计优化方法,建立了基于近似技术的多学科设计优化框架。气动学科采用全速势方程加黏性修正进行翼身组合体跨声速流动的气动计算,结构学科采用有限元分析方法进行应力与变形计算。采用均匀设计法给出若干样本点,分别采用二次响应面、Kriging模型和径向基神经网络等多种近似技术,构造气动学科和结构学科的近似分析模型,并对几种近似模型精度进行了分析和比较。研究发现,Kriging模型和二次响应面具有几乎等同的较高的近似精度,神经网络的近似精度则较差,由于二次响应面计算量更小,故最终选定为机翼设计优化的近似方法。以升阻比和结构重量为目标,考虑升力、机翼面积以及应力和应变约束条件,对运输机机翼4个外形参数和4个结构参数进行多目标、多约束优化设计。优化后的机翼具有较好的气动/结构综合性能,表明本文方法是可行的。     

带子星航天器总体参数多学科设计优化

针对带子星航天器总体参数多学科设计优化(MDO)问题,进行系统任务分析和学科耦合关系分析.考虑有效载荷、轨道和结构等学科设计变量和约束条件,以航天器有效接近区和整星质量的综合指标为目标,建立MDO模型和相应分析模犁.利用iSIGHT软件搭建求解平台,采用基于罚函数的协同优化(CO)算法对所建立的MDO模型进行仿真计算,...     

吸气式空空导弹外形多学科一体化优化设计

针对采用整体式固冲发动机的吸气式空空导弹外形气动与推进耦合的推阻匹配设计难题,引入多学科优化设计方法提出了一种综合考虑气动/推进/质量/弹道的导弹外形多学科一体化优化设计技术。其中,气动性能预测采用代理模型技术,主要基于外形参数化建模、非结构网格技术和流场精细数值计算来自动构建气动数据库,据此建立了包含外形几何信息的气动预测代理模型,并对其预测精度进行了验证;推进性能预测采用推进求解模型,该模型根据固冲发动机理论建立,精度满足工程要求。对所建立的学科预测模型完成一体化集成后,以质点弹道仿真评估的战技指标为优化目标,对一款吸气式空空导弹进气道和翼面外形进行了优化设计,取得了推阻匹配的优化外形,优化后导弹动力射程提高10%。所提出的一体化优化设计技术,有助于吸气式空空导弹外形气动与推进耦合推阻匹配设计和提高导弹动力射程。     

Aerodynamic/Stealthy/Structural Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle

An optimization strategy is proposed to deal with the aerodynamic/stealthy/structural multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) issue of unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV). In applying the strategy, the MDO process is divided into two levels, i.e. system level optimization and subsystem level optimization. The system level optimization is to achieve optimized system objective (or multi-objective) through the adjustment of global external configuration design variables. The subsystem level optimization consists of the aerodynamic/stealthy integrated design and the structural optimization. The aerodynamic/stealthy integrated design aims at achieving the minimum aerodynamic drag coefficient under the constraint of stealthy requirement through the adjustment of local external configuration design variables. The structural optimization is to minimize the structural weight by adjusting the dimensions of structural components. A flowchart to implement this strategy is presented. The MDO for a flying-wing configuration of UCAV is employed to illustrate the detailed process of the optimization. The results indicate that the overall process of the surrogate-based two-level optimization strategy can be implemented automatically, and quite reasonable results are obtained.     

分布式协同进化MDO算法及其在导弹设计中应用

 针对现有基于梯度的多学科设计优化 (MDO)算法不适用于具有离散和整数设计变量、设计空间非凸或不连通的多学科设计优化问题,以及倾向于收敛到接近初始点的局部最优点的缺点,为充分发挥进化算法的优越性,根据协同进化与 MDO在本质上的相似性,采用分布式协同进化机制进行 MDO算法研究。提出了分布式协同进化 MDO算法,并将该算法应用于导弹的气动 /发动机 /控制一体化优化设计。     

Hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization and its application to hybrid rocket motors for manned lunar landing

Design reliability and robustness are getting increasingly important for the general design of aerospace systems with many inherently uncertain design parameters. This paper presents a hybrid uncertainty-based design optimization (UDO) method developed from probability theory and interval theory. Most of the uncertain design parameters which have sufficient information or experimental data are classified as random variables using probability theory, while the others are defined as interval variables with interval theory. Then a hybrid uncertainty analysis method based on Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series interval analysis is developed to obtain the uncer-tainty propagation from the design parameters to system responses. Three design optimization strategies, including deterministic design optimization (DDO), probabilistic UDO and hybrid UDO, are applied to the conceptual design of a hybrid rocket motor (HRM) used as the ascent propulsion system in Apollo lunar module. By comparison, the hybrid UDO is a feasible method and can be effectively applied to the general design of aerospace systems.     

基于双循环的涡轮叶冠多学科设计优化

针对经典的多学科设计可行方法(MDF)的低效率问题,开展了利用可变复杂度建模方法改进MDF策略的研究.以涡轮叶冠为对象,综合考虑优化精度和优化效率,利用响应面方法近似高精度分析,简化计算难度,提高优化效率;合理引入可变复杂度建模方法,通过双循环结构优化策略周期性地调用高精度分析更新响应面方程来保证优化精度.基于双循环的涡轮叶冠多学科优化设计(MDO)表明,优化设计目标降低了1.4%,明显好于经典MDF策略(0.97%),整个优化策略共耗时2h39min,仅是经典MDF的优化时间的1/3.