水发泡剂对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构与性能的影响

采用一步法制备了一种聚酰亚胺(PI)泡沫,研究了水含量对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构和性能的影响规律。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别表征了聚酰亚胺泡沫的分子结构和泡孔结构;采用热机械分析(TMA)和热失重分析(TGA)分别测试了聚酰亚胺泡沫的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性;采用双通道声学分析仪测试了聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声性能。研究表明:在所研究的水含量范围内,用水含量对聚酰亚胺泡沫的分子结构、玻璃化转变温度和热失重性能几乎无影响;驻波管法测得PI泡沫的平均吸声系数最大为0.44;玻璃化转变温度为294.7～295.6℃,热失重5%时的温度大于377.5℃,800℃时的残余质量大于49.6%。     

一种新型聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备与表征

采用自制聚酰亚胺泡沫先驱体,高温直接发泡制备聚酰亚胺泡沫.结果表明:红外光谱分析表征特征吸收峰与文献值吻合很好;泡沫的Tg为260℃、热分解温度(Td5)高达510℃;通过泡沫微观结构表征,其内部结构均匀;泡沫阻燃性良好,离火自熄,仅炭化不产生熔滴,不产生烟雾,氧指数为43.5%;力学性能测试表明泡沫具有优良的拉伸和压缩强度.     

二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的结构及隔热性能研究

以超轻质开孔柔性聚酰亚胺泡沫为基体,采用溶胶凝胶工艺制备了一系列二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充的聚酰亚胺复合泡沫。复合泡沫密度10~100 kg/m³可调,厚度1~ 400 mm可调,最大宏观尺寸可达1 m×1 m。对其泡孔结构、隔热性能、热性能进行了系统表征,分析了二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的隔热机理。结果表明：二氧化硅气凝胶的引入,可有效降低复合泡沫室温热导率,提高其隔热性能;随着二氧化硅气凝胶含量的增加,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫的热导率由38.8 mW/（m·K）降低至19.6 mW/（m·K）;热端温度300 ℃时,复合泡沫热导率仅为61.1 mW/（m·K）;填充二氧化硅气凝胶后,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫热稳定性大大提高,在900 ℃下热失重残留量约为80%。     

碳纳米管/碳复合材料的研究

以多壁碳纳米管和中间相沥青为原料制备了碳纳米管／碳复合材料，主要研究了碳管用量及热处理温度对材料制备的影响，考察了材料的弯曲强度、硬度和热、电传导性能。结果表明：随着热处理温度的增加，材料表现出较大的收缩和失重，碳管用量较少的样品失重、收缩更大，碳管用量15％(质量分数)的样品经2500℃处理后密度可达1．90g／cm^3；复合材料表现了远高于基体碳的弯曲强度和硬度；然而热、电传导性能远远低于基体碳。     

功能性聚酰亚胺薄膜的研制

通过原位聚合法，将纳米粒子Al2O3引入聚酰亚胺基体中，制备了具有不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3／PI杂化薄膜。研究结果表明：当Al2O3的质量分数小于10％时，杂化薄膜的拉伸强度和电击穿强度与纯薄膜相当；当Al2O3的质量分数为10％时，杂化薄膜的电老化寿命是纯薄膜的3．4倍，失重5％的温度比纯薄膜提高了42％；随着Al2O3质量分数的增加,杂化薄膜的线膨胀系数呈下降趋势。     

纳米SiO2改性环氧复合泡沫塑料研究

为了提高环氧复合泡沫塑料（ESF）的性能，扩大应用范围，采用超声波和高剪切分散工艺制备了纳米SiO2改性ESF。结果表明：纳米SiO2的添加量质量分数为3%时，改性效果最好，其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和不加纳米粒子的ESF相比，分别提高了41%、19%；采用扫描电镜（SEM）对材料的断口形貌进行了观察，从微观结构上研究了纳米SiO2的加入对ESF性能的影响；对材料的介电性能测试表明，纳米SiO2粒子的加入对ESF的高频介电性能影响不显著；动态力学分析（DMA）研究表明纳米SiO2粒子质量分数为1%时，ESF的Tg提高了4℃。     

基体厚向梯度化聚酰亚胺复合材料制备与表征

研制树脂传递模塑成型（RTM）用聚酰亚胺树脂基体RTM-PI,采用RTM工艺制备基体厚向梯度化聚酰亚胺复合材料,提升复合材料热稳定性能。基体梯度化复合材料包括RTM-PI树脂基芯层和高热稳定树脂基表层,RTM成型工艺参数基于树脂升温热失重、流变和固化反应数据确定。结果表明：RTM-PI树脂兼具低黏度、超长工艺适用期和耐高温性能,最低黏度在0.1 Pa·s以下,工艺期在300 min以上,玻璃化转变温度达到445℃;基体厚度梯度化复合材料内部质量优异,350℃热老化100 h的失重相对纯RTM-PI复合材料可降低48%以上。     

HNIW热分解残余物的红外光谱和动力学

在3MPa，216℃下六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）热失重分别为90．1％和91．8％的残余物分别通过差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、差示扫描量热与热重联用仪（TG／DSC）及傅立叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）进行研究。结果分析表明：HNIW失重90．1％的残余物含有少量硝基，而对该残余物再次进行热分解时，在220℃左右残留硝基被脱除。脱除残留硝基后的样品与失重91．8％的残余物均含有六员环酰胺结构，在280～400℃的温度范围内六员环酰胺大部分发生了裂解；产生DSC的吸热峰。热分解动力学分析给出了失重90．1％残余物中脱除残存硝基的反应与六员环酰胺裂解反应的反应动力学表达式。     

适用于RTM成型的新型耐烧蚀苯并噁嗪树脂的研究

在低黏度的双环苯并噁嗪中间体（B-BOZ）中加入一种新型的多官能基单环苯并噁嗪（AS-BOZ）或一种交联剂（TPA）,复配制得了一种适用于BTM成型的新型耐烧蚀苯并噁嗪树脂,对树脂体系的黏度及固化物的热稳定性、力学性能、残碳率及碳的形貌进行了研究。结果表明，无论是AS-BOZ还是TPA的引入都使得双环苯并噁嗪体系黏度降低,同时提高体系的交联密度,使固化物的Tg和残碳率都大幅度提高.其中BA2-1固化物的Tg为250℃,800℃下氮气中残碳率为68%,质量烧蚀率为23.3 mg/s;BT2-1固化物的Tg为240℃,800℃下氮气中残碳率为70%，质量烧蚀率为20.1 mg/s,两体系高温下均能得到致密的碳层结构。     

N,N,N'',N''-四炔丙基-4,4''-二氨基-二苯甲烷的热固化反应及其固化产物的热稳定性研究

初步研究了N，N，N’，N’-四炔丙基-4，4’-二氨基-二苯甲烷（TPDDM）的热固化反应。通过DSC分析其固化行为特征。FT-IR观察了它固化过程中特征官能团变化，对比了其在空气中和氮气中固化行为的差异，发现在空气中固化产物出现1733cm^-1的峰，推断是被氧化所致，并通过DSC和FT-IR确定了固化条件。利用TGA技术考察了该固化产物在空气中和氮气中的热稳定性。结果表明：在空气中固化产物起始失重率为5％的分解温度为414．4℃，高于在氮气中的392．8℃。TPDDM的固化产物在氮气中700℃残碳率为53．9％，在空气中全部分解。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.