水发泡剂对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构与性能的影响

采用一步法制备了一种聚酰亚胺(PI)泡沫,研究了水含量对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构和性能的影响规律。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别表征了聚酰亚胺泡沫的分子结构和泡孔结构;采用热机械分析(TMA)和热失重分析(TGA)分别测试了聚酰亚胺泡沫的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性;采用双通道声学分析仪测试了聚酰亚胺泡沫的吸声性能。研究表明:在所研究的水含量范围内,用水含量对聚酰亚胺泡沫的分子结构、玻璃化转变温度和热失重性能几乎无影响;驻波管法测得PI泡沫的平均吸声系数最大为0.44;玻璃化转变温度为294.7～295.6℃,热失重5%时的温度大于377.5℃,800℃时的残余质量大于49.6%。     

一种新型聚酰亚胺泡沫的制备与表征

采用自制聚酰亚胺泡沫先驱体,高温直接发泡制备聚酰亚胺泡沫.结果表明:红外光谱分析表征特征吸收峰与文献值吻合很好;泡沫的Tg为260℃、热分解温度(Td5)高达510℃;通过泡沫微观结构表征,其内部结构均匀;泡沫阻燃性良好,离火自熄,仅炭化不产生熔滴,不产生烟雾,氧指数为43.5%;力学性能测试表明泡沫具有优良的拉伸和压缩强度.     

二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的结构及隔热性能研究

以超轻质开孔柔性聚酰亚胺泡沫为基体,采用溶胶凝胶工艺制备了一系列二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充的聚酰亚胺复合泡沫。复合泡沫密度10~100 kg/m³可调,厚度1~ 400 mm可调,最大宏观尺寸可达1 m×1 m。对其泡孔结构、隔热性能、热性能进行了系统表征,分析了二氧化硅气凝胶原位填充聚酰亚胺泡沫的隔热机理。结果表明：二氧化硅气凝胶的引入,可有效降低复合泡沫室温热导率,提高其隔热性能;随着二氧化硅气凝胶含量的增加,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫的热导率由38.8 mW/（m·K）降低至19.6 mW/（m·K）;热端温度300 ℃时,复合泡沫热导率仅为61.1 mW/（m·K）;填充二氧化硅气凝胶后,聚酰亚胺复合泡沫热稳定性大大提高,在900 ℃下热失重残留量约为80%。     

碳纳米管/碳复合材料的研究

以多壁碳纳米管和中间相沥青为原料制备了碳纳米管／碳复合材料，主要研究了碳管用量及热处理温度对材料制备的影响，考察了材料的弯曲强度、硬度和热、电传导性能。结果表明：随着热处理温度的增加，材料表现出较大的收缩和失重，碳管用量较少的样品失重、收缩更大，碳管用量15％(质量分数)的样品经2500℃处理后密度可达1．90g／cm^3；复合材料表现了远高于基体碳的弯曲强度和硬度；然而热、电传导性能远远低于基体碳。     

功能性聚酰亚胺薄膜的研制

通过原位聚合法，将纳米粒子Al2O3引入聚酰亚胺基体中，制备了具有不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3／PI杂化薄膜。研究结果表明：当Al2O3的质量分数小于10％时，杂化薄膜的拉伸强度和电击穿强度与纯薄膜相当；当Al2O3的质量分数为10％时，杂化薄膜的电老化寿命是纯薄膜的3．4倍，失重5％的温度比纯薄膜提高了42％；随着Al2O3质量分数的增加,杂化薄膜的线膨胀系数呈下降趋势。     

纳米SiO2改性环氧复合泡沫塑料研究

为了提高环氧复合泡沫塑料（ESF）的性能，扩大应用范围，采用超声波和高剪切分散工艺制备了纳米SiO2改性ESF。结果表明：纳米SiO2的添加量质量分数为3%时，改性效果最好，其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和不加纳米粒子的ESF相比，分别提高了41%、19%；采用扫描电镜（SEM）对材料的断口形貌进行了观察，从微观结构上研究了纳米SiO2的加入对ESF性能的影响；对材料的介电性能测试表明，纳米SiO2粒子的加入对ESF的高频介电性能影响不显著；动态力学分析（DMA）研究表明纳米SiO2粒子质量分数为1%时，ESF的Tg提高了4℃。     

基体厚向梯度化聚酰亚胺复合材料制备与表征

研制树脂传递模塑成型（RTM）用聚酰亚胺树脂基体RTM-PI,采用RTM工艺制备基体厚向梯度化聚酰亚胺复合材料,提升复合材料热稳定性能。基体梯度化复合材料包括RTM-PI树脂基芯层和高热稳定树脂基表层,RTM成型工艺参数基于树脂升温热失重、流变和固化反应数据确定。结果表明：RTM-PI树脂兼具低黏度、超长工艺适用期和耐高温性能,最低黏度在0.1 Pa·s以下,工艺期在300 min以上,玻璃化转变温度达到445℃;基体厚度梯度化复合材料内部质量优异,350℃热老化100 h的失重相对纯RTM-PI复合材料可降低48%以上。     

HNIW热分解残余物的红外光谱和动力学

在3MPa，216℃下六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）热失重分别为90．1％和91．8％的残余物分别通过差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、差示扫描量热与热重联用仪（TG／DSC）及傅立叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）进行研究。结果分析表明：HNIW失重90．1％的残余物含有少量硝基，而对该残余物再次进行热分解时，在220℃左右残留硝基被脱除。脱除残留硝基后的样品与失重91．8％的残余物均含有六员环酰胺结构，在280～400℃的温度范围内六员环酰胺大部分发生了裂解；产生DSC的吸热峰。热分解动力学分析给出了失重90．1％残余物中脱除残存硝基的反应与六员环酰胺裂解反应的反应动力学表达式。     

适用于RTM成型的新型耐烧蚀苯并噁嗪树脂的研究

在低黏度的双环苯并噁嗪中间体（B-BOZ）中加入一种新型的多官能基单环苯并噁嗪（AS-BOZ）或一种交联剂（TPA）,复配制得了一种适用于BTM成型的新型耐烧蚀苯并噁嗪树脂,对树脂体系的黏度及固化物的热稳定性、力学性能、残碳率及碳的形貌进行了研究。结果表明，无论是AS-BOZ还是TPA的引入都使得双环苯并噁嗪体系黏度降低,同时提高体系的交联密度,使固化物的Tg和残碳率都大幅度提高.其中BA2-1固化物的Tg为250℃,800℃下氮气中残碳率为68%,质量烧蚀率为23.3 mg/s;BT2-1固化物的Tg为240℃,800℃下氮气中残碳率为70%，质量烧蚀率为20.1 mg/s,两体系高温下均能得到致密的碳层结构。     

N,N,N'',N''-四炔丙基-4,4''-二氨基-二苯甲烷的热固化反应及其固化产物的热稳定性研究

初步研究了N，N，N’，N’-四炔丙基-4，4’-二氨基-二苯甲烷（TPDDM）的热固化反应。通过DSC分析其固化行为特征。FT-IR观察了它固化过程中特征官能团变化，对比了其在空气中和氮气中固化行为的差异，发现在空气中固化产物出现1733cm^-1的峰，推断是被氧化所致，并通过DSC和FT-IR确定了固化条件。利用TGA技术考察了该固化产物在空气中和氮气中的热稳定性。结果表明：在空气中固化产物起始失重率为5％的分解温度为414．4℃，高于在氮气中的392．8℃。TPDDM的固化产物在氮气中700℃残碳率为53．9％，在空气中全部分解。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.