MQL切削的现状和发展

简介了MQL切削的现状及发展趋势。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

Minimum quantity lubrication machining of aeronautical materials using carbon group nanolubricant: From mechanisms to application

It is an inevitable trend of sustainable manufacturing to replace flood and dry machining with minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) technology. Nevertheless, for aeronautical difficult-tomachine materials, MQL couldn’t meet the high demand of cooling and lubrication due to high heat generation during machining. Nano-biolubricants, especially non-toxic carbon group nano-enhancers(CGNs) are used, can solve this technical bottleneck. However, the machining mechanisms under lubrication of CGNs are uncl...     

MQL最小油量润滑加工用弹性套筒刀柄

在具体使用MQL时,国内外许多人在继续研究用什么润滑液和何种状态的压缩空气。用作切削的MQL润滑液要具有良好的切削性能和生态性能。所谓切削性能是指润滑性好,摩擦系数低,加工表面质量好,切削效率高,而生态性能则是指生物降解性、氧化安定性和存储稳定性好。一般选择植物油和合成酯。其中,合成酯中多元醇酯较好。压缩空气除用一般空气外,还有冷风。另外,氮气的效果会更好,但成本会提高,在必要条件下可选用。     

基于微量润滑的钛合金高速切削涂层刀具磨损机理

使用TiAlN-F、AlTiN-ML和(nc-AlTiN)/(a-Si_3N_4)3种硬质合金涂层刀具,分别在干切削和微量润滑(MQL)条件下高速切削TC4钛合金,对比刀具寿命,分析刀具磨损形态和失效形式,研究刀具磨损机理。试验结果表明,在干切削条件下,不同涂层对刀具寿命影响不大。在微量润滑(MQL)条件下,涂层材料显著减缓刀具磨损,提高刀具寿命,其中(nc-AlTiN)/(a-Si_3N_4)涂层性能最优。在高速切削TC4钛合金时,粘结磨损、氧化磨损、扩散磨损、磨料磨损相互作用,磨损机理较为复杂,刀具失效形式主要为崩刃、涂层剥落和磨钝。     

冷却润滑方式对CFRP/钛合金叠层制孔刀具磨损的影响

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP）和钛合金组成的叠层结构由于其优良的机械性能在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用。为了延长刀具寿命,本文在CFRP/钛合金叠层低频振动钻削试验中采用中心吹气、微量润滑技术（Minimum quantity lubrication,MQL）、水基冷却液和液氮冷却方法,研究冷却润滑方式对钻削温度、轴向力与刀具磨损的影响。试验结果表明,使用中心吹气时加工温度最高,使用液氮时加工温度最低,液氮冷却时轴向力最大,而使用水基冷却液时轴向力最小。水基冷却液对延长刀具寿命的效果最好,达到了66个孔,而液氮冷却时最差,只有12个孔。刀具主要的磨损形式为粘结磨损和磨粒磨损。     

Effect of cooling strategies on performance and mechanism of helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks

Hole-making for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics(CFRP)/Ti-6Al-4V stacks is crucial for the assembling strength of aircraft structure parts. This work carried out experimental work for helical milling(HM) of the stacks with sustainable cooling/lubrication(dry, MQL and cryogenic)conditions. Cutting forces and temperatures at the CFRP layer, Ti-6Al-4V layer and the interface of stacks were obtained by a developed measuring system. The temperatures in CFRP machining at cryogenic condition varied fro...     

微纳复合织构自润滑陶瓷刀具的制备及切削性能

金属干切削过程中,由于前后刀面与切屑和工件之间存在的剧烈的摩擦,切削温度极高,刀具的磨损十分严重,导致刀具寿命降低[1],为解决这一问题国内外学者不断寻求幕发新型刀具材料,优化刀具结构,研究新型刀具[2-4]. 近年来,摩擦学与仿生学研究领域提出表面织构能够有效地减小摩擦,降低摩擦系数[5-8],将这种技术应用于切削加工刀具将是一种富有前景的研究领域.目前国内外学者将表面织构应用于刀具研究尚处在起步阶段.日本学者Kawasegi[9]等利用飞秒激光在WC-Co硬质合金刀具前刀面加工了微纳米沟槽织构,在干切削和最小微量润滑(MQL)条件下切削铝合金试验,结果表明微纳织构能有效地降低切削力.     

基于Copula函数的铣削力、振动与表面粗糙度的相关性分析

探求切削力、振动和表面粗糙度之间的相互关系,对实现表面粗糙度的预测预报具有重要意义。以MQL铣削45钢为试验对象,进行了切削速度v、每齿进给量f_z、切削深度a_p的三因素四水平的64组切削试验,在线测量主切削力、轴向力和径向力及振动,对切削分力数据处理得到相应的平均值、标准差和均方根值,同时离线测量出二维粗糙度R_a、三维粗糙度平均值S_a和均方根值S_q。采用正态分布、指数分布、Gamma分布、Weibull分布和Cauchy分布等函数拟合,根据AIC准则确定出最优分布函数,采用极大似然法估计出未知参数。使用Gaussian Copula、t-Copula、Frank Copula、Gumbel Copula、Clayton Copula等Copula函数拟合铣削力、振动和粗糙度之间相关结构形式,采用AIC准则优选出最优Copula函数,并确定出参量。利用最优Copula函数导出的Kendall秩相关系数τ作为评价指标,分析比较了铣削力、振动与表面粗糙度的整体相关性。采用混合Copula函数对铣削力、振动与表面粗糙度的尾部相关性进行了分析。     

基于灰色关联分析的微量润滑系统工艺参数优化

为解决钛合金铣削加工中微量润滑系统工艺参数优化问题,采用正交试验法以空气流量、切削液用量、切削液浓度为变量,表面粗糙度Ra和切削力为评价指标开展钛合金微量润滑铣削试验。基于灰色关联和主成分分析法对微量润滑系统工艺参数进行多目标优化,通过分析各因素对灰色关联度的影响规律,确定了最佳系统参数组合为空气流量90L/min、切削液用量15mL/h、切削液浓度70%。经验证优化后的工艺参数可有效提高工件表面质量,减小切削力,为合理选择微量润滑系统工艺参数提供了参考依据。     

预浸料厚坯超声切割工艺研究

 预浸料厚坯超声切割技术,具有无刀具磨损、加工速度快、加工精度高、无粉尘污染等优势,切割质量优异,在国外已得到了广泛应用,而国内目前仍处于初期研究阶段。本文以航空航天应用为主的碳纤维预浸料厚坯为实验材料,研究了切割温度、切割速度以及切割能量等切割工艺参数对切割质量的影响。研究结果表明,对于一定厚度的预浸料厚坯,最优的切割工艺参数组合:切割温度为5℃,切割速度为1.0 m/min,切割能量为8级。该研究方法与研究成果为超声切割技术在预浸料切割中的应用奠定了基础。     

高速走丝电火花线切割工作介质性能要求研究

系统分析了高速走丝电火花线切割工作介质的主要性能要求,通过使用典型工作介质的切割对比,分析了线切割加工的工艺规律,指出工作介质洗涤能力是影响线切割工艺的最关键因素,对评价工作介质的优劣提出了参考意见。     

激光加工技术在工业生产中的应用

激光加工技术在工业生产中的应用愈来愈广泛，激光切割和激光表面淬火的研究和应用也很广泛，根据这两项较成熟的技术提出激光加热切削，进而改变材料的切削加工性。     

太阳能硅片精密切割技术及其特性研究

本文在对当前太阳能硅片常见切割技术及其特性进行分析和比较的基础上,提出数控超声振动切割太阳能硅片技术,为太阳能硅片的精密切割提供一种新的实用的加工方法.     

孔加工切削参数优化系统的研究与开发

针对孔加工过程中切削参数的合理选择,开发了切削参数优化系统,介绍了系统的结构、功能及系统开发的关键技术,最终在保证加工要求的前提下提高加工效率、降低成本。