航空金属滤网的特种加工技术(英文)

Thanks to recent advances in manufacturing technology, aerospace system designers have many more options to fabricate high-quality, low-weight, high-capacity, cost-effective filters. Aside from traditional methods such as stamping, drilling and milling, many new approaches have been widely used in filter-manufacturing practices on account of their increased processing abilities. How- ever, the restrictions on costs, the need for studying under stricter conditions such as in aggressive fluids, the complicity in design, the workability of materials, and others have made it difficult to choose a satisfactory method from the newly developed processes, such as, photochemical machining （PCM）, photo electroforming （PEF） and laser beam machining （LBM） to produce small, inexpensive, lightweight aerospace filters. This article appraises the technical and economical viability of PCM, PEF, and LBM to help engineers choose the fittest approach to turn out aerospace filters.     

状态预测神经网络控制应用于小型可回收火箭

随着商业航天的到来，可重复使用运载器的研究受到广泛关注，以SpaceX为代表的商业航天公司研发的部分可回收火箭表现出了前所未有的竞争力。为了研发可回收火箭技术，翎客航天利用民间工业力量研制了RLV-T3小型可回收火箭验证机，并在该验证机上通过数百次试验逐渐掌握了垂直起降（VTVL）技术。主要介绍了翎客航天在VTVL技术中的一项动力控制技术，提出了状态预测神经网络控制（SPNNC）算法。该算法具有鲁棒性强、适用范围广、控制参数易调整等优点。详细地描述了该算法的原理，并通过Simulink对SISO和MIMO 2种系统进行了仿真。同时详细地论述了将状态预测神经网络控制算法应用于RLV-T3小型可回收火箭的飞行及回收的试验，包括RLV-T3小型可回收火箭的基本特点、控制难点、存在的问题，飞行过程中各物理量的曲线和试验结论。经试验验证，状态预测神经网络控制算法具有良好的控制性能，基于该控制技术，即状态预测神经网络控制算法的RLV-T3小型可回收火箭验证机可以安全地实现垂直起飞、弹道飞行、空中悬停、软着陆回收全流程。     

以空间作战为目标的航天测控发展对策研究

未来空间作战对航天测控提出了更高的要求。介绍了航天测控与空间作战的关系,分析了未来空间作战对航天测控的需求,并通过对我国航天测控网现状和不足的分析,提出了相应的航天测控发展对策,以使航天测控的发展能够适应未来空间作战的要求。     

激光选区熔化技术在航空航天领域的发展现状及典型应用

增材制造技术(AM)是一种基于离散-堆积原理,以计算机模型数据来加工组件的新型制造技术。激光选区熔化(SLM)作为增材制造领域的一项重要技术,以其一体化制造特点和在复杂结构零部件制造领域的显著优势,成为航空航天制造领域的重点发展技术和前沿方向。本文综述了SLM技术的材料体系和应用领域,主要对SLM技术的最新工艺研究和航空航天领域的典型应用进行细致分析。重点阐述SLM铁基合金、镍基合金、钛合金和铝合金等材料体系的研究进展及成果。SLM技术在各领域广泛应用的同时,也存在成形材料内部缺陷多、高性能材料的裂纹及变形、标准体系的欠缺和粉末材料兼容性低等诸多问题和不足之处,使其发展受到一定制约,需要在这些方面做更深入的工作。     

A Bayesian approach for integrating multilevel priors and data for aerospace system reliability assessment

This paper investigates Bayesian methods for aerospace system reliability analysis using various sources of test data and expert knowledge at both subsystem and system levels. Four scenarios based on available information for the priors and test data of a system and/or subsystems are studied using specific Bayesian inference techniques. This paper proposes the Bayesian melding method for integrating subsystem-level priors with system-level priors for both system- and subsystem-level reliability analysis. System and subsystem reliability outcomes are compared under different scenarios. Computational challenges for posterior inferences using the sophisticated Bayesian melding method are addressed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and adaptive Sampling Importance Re-sampling (SIR) methods. A case study with simulation results illustrates the applications of the proposed methods and provides insights for aerospace system reliability analysis using available multilevel information.     

Accessing NASA technology with the World Wide Web

NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) began using the World Wide Web (WWW) in the summer of 1993, becoming the first NASA installation to provide a center-wide home page. This coincided with a reorganization of LaRC to provide a more concentrated focus on technology transfer to both aerospace and non-aerospace industry. Use of WWW and NCSA Mosaic not only provides automated information dissemination, but also allows for the implementation, evolution and integration of many technology transfer and technology awareness applications. This paper describes several of these innovative applications, including the on-line presentation of the entire Technology Opportunities Showcase (TOPS), an industrial partnering showcase that exists on the Web long after the actual 3-day event ended. The NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS) provides uniform access to many logically similar, yet physically distributed NASA report servers. WWW is also the foundation of the Langley Software Server (LSS), an experimental software distribution system which will distribute LaRC-developed software. In addition to the more formal technology distribution projects, WWW has been successful in connecting people with technologies and people with other people     

增材制造技术在航空发动机中的应用及发展

随着增材制造技术的不断发展,在航空航天领域的研究与应用越来越广泛。本文主要介绍了增材制造技术在航空发动机中的发展现状以及应用前景,分析了目前增材制造技术的不足。     

NASA Automation and Robotics Technology Program

This paper presents an overview of NASA's Automation and Robotics (A&R) technology development program, covering its history, objectives, organization and content. This program is being carried out by the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) which has the responsibility to provide long range, high risk aerospace technology.     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

航天材料工程学内涵及其体系构建

为应对空间特殊服役环境,航天材料研制、保证和使用单位已在材料设计、材料加工、材料评价和材料使用方面开展了大量工作。在此基础上,本文首先对我国航天材料的选型要求进行了分析,接着对航天材料、航天材料飞行试验、空间材料科学、航天材料空间环境适应性等概念进行了辨析,并提出了航天材料工程学的概念,进而对航天材料工程的各个组成部分的关联性进行了阐述。最后,为满足未来空间技术发展需求,在总结和借鉴国内外航天材料工程发展经验的基础上,从规划、研发、试(实)验、评价、选用、数据服务等角度,设计构建了具有航天领域特色的航天材料工程体系。     

WSN在航天器参量监测和多导弹作战中应用

与日益成熟的无线通信技术相比,传统的有线线缆监测与通信逐渐显现出其缺点与不足.无线传感器网络(WSN)技术的出现为航空航天设备间的通信、各种参量的监测、多武器信息共享与协同作战等开辟了一种新的无线思路.讨论了无线技术应用于航空航天的发展趋势,结合WSN理论,分析了WSN技术在未来航空航天领域应用的可行性,并以航天器内环境参量监测及数据传输、多导弹信息共享与协同作战为例,给出WSN技术在未来航空航天上的应用模型.WSN技术在未来航空航天上的成功应用将进一步推进其智能化发展.     

半球谐振陀螺技术

半球谐振陀螺是一种基于哥式效应的固体波动陀螺,具有高精度、长寿命、高可靠性的优势,是未来陀螺的重要方向,国内外均开展了半球谐振陀螺的相关研究。本文对美国、俄罗斯、法国以及国内的半球谐振陀螺研究历程、技术及应用现状进行了介绍,在半球谐振陀螺技术发展过程中存在着加工制造难度大、动态范围小以及全角模式下存在角速度测量阈值等技术瓶颈,亟需突破高Q值材料、两件套陀螺加工制造以及全角模式控制等关键技术研究。半球谐振陀螺的未来发展方向包括高精度、大动态、低成本以及轻质小型化等,在航天、航海、战略战术武器等诸多领域上,半球谐振陀螺都将有着良好的应用前景。     

变推力液体火箭发动机推力调节技术研究综述及发展趋势

系统梳理了国内外变推力液体火箭发动机调节控制技术的研究历程及研究现状，并结合我国航天动力研究基础，指出通过在主系统或副系统管路上设置液体或燃气流量调节装置、通过可调结构的针栓式喷注器同步对流量与压力进行匹配调节仍然是实现大范围变推力调节的两种主要手段；分析了变推力液体火箭发动机推力调节的关键技术及其解决途径，预测了未来一段时期内变推力液体火箭发动机及其调节技术发展趋势，提出了若干适合我国国情的研究建议，为我国低成本、可重复使用天地往返运输技术的发展和有关研究者开展研究工作提供一定的参考。     

复合材料层合板开口补强技术试验研究

国内外学者对复合材料开口非对称补强做了很多研究,但主要集中在小开口的插层补强及共固化补强上。对用机械连接补强技术和插层补强技术补强后的层合板,进行拉伸和剪切试验;并采用有限元方法对补强后的复合材料层合板进行数值仿真,仿真结果与试验结果吻合得较好。经试验研究和数值仿真,得到各补强方案在各工况下的最大应变位置,并将不同补强方案进行对比。结果表明:插层补强方案优于机械补强方案。     

Aerospace High Voltage Development

High voltage has been used for electrical power system generation, transmission, and distribution for over 75 years and manufacturers have been designing x-rays, radios/television transmitters and receivers for many years with excellent success. High voltage usage in aerospace equipment initiated during World War II with the advent of high power communications and radar for airplanes. About 20 years ago the first high voltage components were built for spacecraft systems. This article is to provide some insight into the status of high voltage for aerospace equipment and the differences between terrestial and aerospace system functions and the attendant problems. What are the basic differences between terrestial/commercial and aerospace equipment? The aerospace environment is defined as that significantly above the Earth's surface: From 5000 feet altitude to deep space. The basic differences are the constraints placed on the user vehicle (airplane, missile, or spacecraft). Constraints include: Atmospheric pressure, temperature, lifting capability, electronic requirements, and volume. Early airplanes needed only radios and mechanical pressurization instruments. Today's sophisticted airplanes require transmitters, receivers, controls, displays, and in the military case, special electronics. The addition of electronic devices has increased the electrical power demand from a few watts (for early aircraft) to well over one megawatt for special applications. There is the need for compact packaging to reduce weight and volume. Spacecraft with booster limitations are ever more restrictive of weight and volume then airplanes while they must maintain complete electrical system integrity for mission durations of several months to years.     

脉冲超宽带通信与测距技术初步研究

相对于连续波窄带技术,脉冲超宽带技术在短距离通信及高精度测距方面具有一定优势.为了向未来航天应用提供新的技术支持,对脉冲超宽带通信及测距技术进行了初步研究.描述了系统的收发单元及天线单元,同时给出了各单元的测试结果.脉冲超宽带通信、测距实验表明,系统成功实现了短距离高速通信和高精度测距.在10 m范围内通信码速率为100 Mbit/s,定位精度为厘米量级.     

Advances in non-linear apodization

Selected new methods and applications of non-linear apodization for irregularly-shaped and parse coherent apertures and arrays are presented. The benefits include unproved impulse response performance, i.e., reduced peak sidelobes and integrated sidelobe power, along with improved mainlobe resolution, compared to classic windowing techniques. Nonlinear apodization (NLA) techniques can also serve as powerful engines for effective superresolution and bandwidth extrapolation of coherent data for filling sparse apertures. The sparse aperture filling property of superresolution algorithms for radar data forms the basis for a new concept which is introduced here: synthetic multiple aperture radar technology (SMART). Increased swath and/or reduced antenna size are some of the benefits postulated for SMART applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The benefits of these new methods and applications for nonlinear apodization are then demonstrated for two specific applications: 1) sidelobe control for Y-type synthetic aperture radiometers, such as the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) system (Kerr et al.) and JPL's proposed GeoSTAR (Lambrigsten) concept; and, 2) filling of sparse synthetic aperture radar data by exploiting the bandwidth extrapolation properties of nonlinear apodization based superresolution techniques. The methods that have been developed and demonstrated herein have potential application to a wide range of passive and active microwave remote sensing and radar systems.     

Shared knowledge in computational fluid dynamics,electromagnetics, and magneto-aerodynamics

The rich heritage of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has provided an in-depth knowledge for computational electromagnetics, computational magneto-aerodynamics, and multidisciplinary technology development in aerospace science. Current progress in these developing disciplines and their roots in CFD are detailed. Highlights of the frontier expanding potential for CFD by combining aerodynamics, electromagnetics, and chemical kinetics for aerospace science are also presented.     

基于冷备份多模冗余结构的BRAM自修复方法

随着现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）在空天电子系统中的广泛应用,受空间辐射恶劣环境影响,FPGA中重要的存储器电路BRAM,因采用SRAM技术极易发生位翻转故障,虽绝大部分情况表现为瞬时故障,但永久故障依然存在。针对BRAM自修复方法仅修复瞬时故障的现状,对能同时修复瞬时故障和永久故障的自修复方法进行研究,提出了一种冷备份多模冗余结构,用3个热备份模块和1个冷备份模块来构造BRAM,该结构可通过三模冗余刷新方法修复瞬时故障和冷备份替换方法修复永久故障。给出了整个BRAM自修复系统中各模块的电路结构和实现方法,实验验证了系统的自修复能力,并在可靠性、硬件资源和时间消耗3个方面,通过对比分析论证了自修复方法的有效性。     

GE90-115B发动机结构设计特点分析

GE90-115B发动机是目前世界上推力最大的发动机,由GE90-94B发动机衍生发展而来.与传统的衍生发展不同,GE90-115B发动机的高压压气机减少1级,风扇转子支承作了重大改变,将1号滚珠轴承改为直径特大的滚棒轴承,滚珠轴承则置于风扇轴后端处.对风扇转子支承方式的变化作了深入分析,同时对风扇、高压压气机、低压涡轮、轴承等的结构设计改进进行了分析,可供航空发动机结构设计人员参考.