气球微重力试验落弹的回收

气球微重力研究是利用气球携带落弹进行模拟空间微重力的一种试验手段。     

用高空气球实现的微重力环境模拟实验系统

本文主要阐述利用高空气球落舱进行微重力环境模拟实验的可行性,工程系统的构成,系统控制时序以及试验结果。     

微重力落塔电磁悬吊、释放技术研究

电磁悬吊、释放、提升机构是微重力落塔的一个主要分系统。文章论述了微重力落塔电磁悬吊、释放、提升机构研制的关键技术及难点、电磁释放过程的特性分析以及微重力落塔实际试验的情况。采用万向架悬吊结构和电磁释放过程可调技术解决了落塔微重力试验落舱释放的技术难题,实现了释放过程可调和控制,减少和降低了落舱释放的干扰,保证了落舱的微重力水平。实验结果表明:落舱释放平稳,下落状态无倾斜,完成了电磁释放全过程并安全回收。     

空间微重力环境地面模拟试验方法综述

由于目前的落塔法、悬吊法、水浮法和气浮法等空间微重力地面模拟试验方法中设备本身的建造周期、成本及其它缺点难以满足做复杂运动的空间飞行器微重力模拟.本文总结了目前国际上的空间微重力地面模拟试验方法的发展现状,并分析比较了各方法的优缺点,针对其问题进一步提出了一种三维微重力环境试验装置的设计思想,为做复杂运动的空间飞行器微...     

萤火一号火星探测器防晃型贮箱技术

针对萤火一号(YH-1)火星探测器贮箱需具有防晃和蓄液排气等工作特点,对防晃型贮箱设计进行了研究.根据表面张力和微重力流体力学原理,设计了实现该功能的系列推进剂管理装置(PMD).对层流式和叶片式两种PMD进行了微重力流体仿真和试验.经计算机仿真和落塔试验验证,优选出最佳PMD方案,设计的防晃贮箱满足探测器要求.     

大型机载相控阵天线的设计与制造

介绍一种安装在E-9A飞机上的大型遥测相控阵天线系统的技术要求、设计与制造方法以及外场试验结果,并对天线系统的组成和其中的关键部件作了较详细的说明.生产的两套天线已成功地用于海湾靶场上的空空导弹试验,它具有独立捕获、跟踪5发遥测弹的能力.     

航天器再入与着陆降落伞系统分析

文章主要对航天器再入与着陆落伞系统作了综述,并介绍了各种航天器回收降落伞系统的特点。     

一种以垂直弹轴方向出伞的回收系统

文中介绍了一种新型的回收系统及其试验结果，这种回收系统的减速伞（系统）的弹出方向是沿着垂直弹轴方向的。     

西德的微重力试验回收舱

西德的微重力试验回收舱——信使(SPACE COURIER)是一种低成本再入飞行器,它能携带若干个航天试验性载荷,可用长征2号、阿里安和其它运载系统发射,具有很大的潜在商业市场,计划于1992年底进行首次飞行。本文介绍了信使回收舱的任务,系统和分系统设计及其有效载荷。     

一种以垂直弹轴方向出伞的回收系统

文中介绍一种新型的回收系统及其试验结果,这种回收系统的减速伞(系统)的弹出方向是沿着垂直弹轴方向的。     

Investigation of Thermal Convection and Low-Frequency Microgravity by the DACON Sensor aboard the MirOrbital Complex

The DACON instrument for studying the convection caused by low frequency microaccelerations aboard spacecraft is described. The convection sensor serves as a measuring element of this instrument. This is a cylindrical cavity filled with air, where two crossed differential thermocouples are located. The thermocouple junctions lay on two mutually perpendicular lines parallel to the bases of the cylinder and crossing at its axis. The distances from the junctions to this axis are equal. The lateral surface of the cylinder is thermally insulated, the difference of temperatures on its bases being kept constant. One of the tasks for the sensor is to prepare the data for checking the adequacy of mathematical models of fluid convection under weightlessness conditions and for obtaining quantitative characteristics of the microgravitational medium. The results of ground-based tests of the DACON instrument and the results of experiments with it aboard the Mirstation are presented.     

Non-axisymmetric effects on long liquid bridges

The stability of long liquid bridges under non-axisymmetric disturbances like a microgravitational force acting perpendicular to the liquid bridge axis or a non-coaxiality of the disks is analyzed through an asymptotic method based on bifurcation techniques. Results obtained indicate that such non-axisymmetric effects are of higher order than those produced by axisymmetric perturbations.     

Some Features of Vibrational Perturbations onboard the MirOrbital Station

A number of scientific and technical experiments were carried out and are still being carried out onboard the Mirorbital station in various fields: physics of fluids, space materials study, astrophysics, biotechnology, and so on. The quality and reliability of space experiments are essentially dependent on a knowledge of real microgravitational situation onboard a satellite, which essentially depends on vibrational perturbations. A lot of vibration processes studies have been done up to now on the Mirstation in the following lines of research: control of dynamic and exploitation regimes when carrying out biotechnological and technological experiments; determination of the contribution of different onboard systems and mechanisms to the total vibration perturbations power; and investigation of distributions of microacceleration levels and dynamics of vibration processes in different modules and segments of the orbital station. This paper presents the results of the analysis of vibration perturbations produced by some standard onboard Mirstation systems in a configuration when the KVANT-2 and KRISTALL modules were arranged along the yaw axis of the mainframe. It is shown that due to strong requirements for tolerable levels of the microaccelerations onboard the International Space Station (ISS), the investigations of microgravitational situation, as an integral part of the technological environment, now have a high priority.     

Water and salt disturbances under condition of microgravity

Under conditions of microgravity severe alterations in body fluid composition and volume take place largely as a result of "cardiothoracic pooling" or headward shift of blood. Inappropriate endocrine, renal and cardiovascular responses result from the "misreading" of homeostatic signals by physiological receptors to produce an as yet incompletely defined syndrome under microgravitational conditions.     

美国X—38计划与翼伞返回系统

文章介绍了美国X—38计划及其翼伞返回系统的概况,分析了历次空投试验翼伞返回系统的状况、工作过程、出现的反翘现象等。     

Estimation of residual microaccelerations on board an artificial earth satellite in the monoaxial solar orientation mode

The mode of monoaxial solar orientation of a designed artificial Earth satellite (AES), intended for microgravitational investigations, is studied. In this mode the normal line to the plane of satellite’s solar batteries is permanently directed at the Sun, the absolute angular velocity of a satellite is virtually equal to zero. The mode is implemented by means of an electromechanical system of powered flywheels or gyrodynes. The calculation of the level of microaccelerations arising on board in such a mode, was carried out by mathematical modeling of satellite motion with respect to the center of masses under an effect of gravitational and restoring aerodynamic moments, as well as of the moment produced by the gyrosystem. Two versions of a law for controlling the characteristic angular momentum of a gyrosystem are considered. The first version provides only attenuation of satellite’s perturbed motion in the vicinity of the position of rest with the required velocity. The second version restricts, in addition, the increase in the accumulated angular momentum of a gyrosystem by controlling the angle of rotation of the satellite around the normal to the light-sensitive side of the solar batteries. Both control law versions are shown to maintain the monoaxial orientation mode to a required accuracy and provide a very low level of quasistatic microaccelerations on board the satellite.     

“神舟号”载人飞船开伞控制方案设计

载人飞船的开伞控制方案是回收着陆系统设计中的一个关键环节,它直接关系到飞船回收着陆系统工作的成败。文章根据载人飞船特点的分析,制订了飞船开伞控制方案,即采用静压高度控制法来控制开伞,然后根据静压高度控制的工作原理,详细介绍了开伞控制方案的设计方法和流程。仿真试验和飞行试验结果表明:"神舟号"载人飞船开伞控制方案的设计是合理的、正确的。     

载人飞船回收着陆分系统可靠性、 安全性设计与验证

文章主要介绍了载人飞船回收着陆分系统可靠性、安全性设计准则、设计分析方法、设计措施以及试验验证等。地面试验以及飞行试验的验证表明:回收着陆分系统的可靠性、安全性设计措施有效,试验验证充分,分系统的工作可靠,可靠性和安全性均满足其指标要求。     

月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统研究

月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统是通过模拟返回器取压孔附近压力环境,将回收程控装置硬件实物接入仿真系统并构成实时仿真回路的半实物仿真平台。文章介绍了月球取样返回器回收半实物仿真系统的研制意义,对系统总体结构和设计方案、网络环境、运行流程和新的设计特点进行概括,在面向对象的基础上建立了分阶段的月球取样返回器降落伞回收系统整个工作过程的动力学模型,利用空投试验测量数据对模型的仿真精度进行验证分析,并对半实物仿真系统的实时性和压力模拟精度进行了分析。结果表明,半实物仿真系统的各项技术参数均达到设计指标,可为中国探月工程三期中月球取样返回器回收分系统的可靠性评估提供重要的技术支持。     

The navigational experiments on microgravitational space platform “FOTON-M2”

This paper presents the review of results of the navigating experiments which have been carried out during flight of microgravitational space platform (MSP) Foton-M2 in May–June 2005. The brief characteristic of the created MIRAGE–M equipment consisting from magnitometric system and satellite radionavigation receiver is given. The measurements have allowed to restore unguided MSP movement and to estimate a level of microaccelerations (microgravitations) onboard during flight, and have provided precision time-position binding of the research experiments. The data from the equipments transmitted on the telemetering channel have allowed testing the information technologies of virtual support of experiments in space. Flight testing of the equipment has allowed make a conclusion on usefulness of accommodation onboard the small-sized auxiliary navigating system focused for work with users of research experiments. The experiments on MSP Foton-M2 are the development of experiments with MIRAGE equipment carried out in 1999 during flight time of MSP Foton-12 [N.D. Semkin, V.V. Ivanov, V.I. Abrushkin, V.L. Balakin, I.V. Belokonov, K.E. Voronov, The experiments with magnetic fields formed by technical equipment inside Foton-12 spacecraft: the results of the MIRAGE experiments, in: Proceedings of International Conference “Scientific and Technological Experiments on Russian Foton/Bion Recoverable Satellites: Results, Problems and Outlooks”, 25–30 June 2000, pp. 116–122; V.L. Balakin, I.V. Belokonov, V.V. Ivanov, “Determination of motion of spacecraft Foton-12 as a result of magnetic fields measurement in MIRAGE experiment”, pp. 231–238 (published in the same place)].Paper is executed within the framework of the grant of the Russian Fund of Fundamental Researches 06-08-00244.