高轨卫星远程抵近轨道优化研究

针对高轨远程转移抵近的机动策略优化问题,使用Pork-chop速度增量等高线图对时间约束内单脉冲Lambert转移进行分析.而后建立多脉冲转移抵近的数学模型,以燃料最省为优化目标,使用差分进化算法(DE)搜寻全局最优解.通过仿真验证在不同脉冲次数、不同时间约束情形下的轨道抵近计算,得出三脉冲转移抵近相对较优的结论.     

Sources and Losses of Energetic Electrons at Low Altitudes from Satellite Data

Fluxes and differential spectra of 0.04–2.0 MeV electrons at low altitudes in the Earth's magnetosphere are considered in comparison with the model spectra AE-8 MAX and AE-8 MIN. Possible causes of the discrepancy between the observational and model spectra are discussed. The coefficients of radial diffusion at various L-shells are estimated for the maximum of solar activity (using the Interkosmos-19 data) and for the minimum of solar activity (using the Kosmos-1686 data) and are derived from the model AE-8. A quantitative evaluation of the electron yield from radial diffusion at low L shells is derived. Ionization losses, Coulomb angle scattering, and resonant wave–particle interaction are considered as the loss mechanisms. A calculation of these losses at the low L-shells is given. The electron distribution at low L-shells is best fitted by a combination of dissipative terms from different models: Coulomb scattering dominates at the lower L-shells (L = 1.2–1.4) and the resonant wave–particle interaction controls the radiation belt maximum and the gap (L = 1.4–2.0).     

三轴稳定地球同步卫星动量轮转速变化研究

对三轴稳定地球同步卫星中用于姿态控制的偏置动量轮转速变化问题进行研究。通过分析动量轮转速实际测量数据,得出太阳辐射压力影响转速变化的规律,并利用理论分析进行验证。在分析转速变化规律的基础上提出动量轮转速控制指导方案,并将其应用在实际三轴稳定地球同步卫星长期管理中,取得良好的控制效果。     

Features of the Artificial Injection of Energetic Electrons from the Earth’s Radiation Belt into the Midlatitude Ionosphere and Their Dependence on Geophysical Conditions

Cosmic Research - This paper presents the results of studies of the features of the injection of energetic electrons from the Earth’s radiation belt into the midlatitude ionosphere when the...     

Localized Enhancements of Energetic Proton Fluxes at Low Altitudes in the Subauroral Region and Their Relation to the Pc1 Pulsations

A special kind of variation of energetic proton fluxes inside the anisotropic precipitation zone is considered using the data from the low-altitude satellites NOAA/TIROS. The variation is characterized by a localized (within 1° of latitude) enhancement of >30 keV protons, both trapped at the spacecraft altitude and precipitating. A close correlation is shown between the morphological characteristics of the proton precipitation and the Pc1 pulsations observed by the ground-based geophysical observatory Sodankylä. The probability of observation of the Pc1 pulsation by a ground-based station decreases with increasing MLT distance between this station and the projection of the satellite detecting the precipitating protons. The Pc1 pulsation frequency decreases as the proton burst latitude increases. These findings support the ion-cyclotron mechanism of the Pc1 production suggesting that both wave generation and particle scattering occur in the source region.     

地球静止轨道凝视型相机热分析与热设计

空间光学遥感器在轨运行过程中要承受太阳辐射和空间冷热沉、黑热沉等恶劣温度环境的影响。为确保相机在轨正常运行并拥有较高的成像品质,需要对相机进行精确的热控设计。根据地球静止轨道太阳辐射外热流特点,详细分析了静止轨道凝视相机热设计的重点和难点,并针对热设计中可能遇到的问题提出相应解决方案。     

升交点赤经与轨道倾角对地球同步卫星地影的影响

为精确预报地球同步卫星地影，根据其发生原理用仿真分析法研究了升交点赤经和轨道倾角两个因素对地影的影响，给出了地影延续时间和最长日期变化等天数曲线。在实际的同步卫星长期管理中运用这些规律，取得了良好的效果。     

利用校准卫星进行USB外场试验的方法

探讨一种USB外场试验的方法,即利用在轨卫星对USB进行外场试验,检验设备的跟踪性能,并对测量精度进行评估。阐述在USB设备研制过程中,利用卫星对USB进行外场试验的必要性和可行性。     

Empirical Modeling of the Statistical Structure of Radio Signals from Satellites Moving over Mid- and High-Latitude Trajectories in the Southern Hemisphere

The results of developing the empirical model of parameters of radio signals propagating in the inhomogeneous ionosphere at middle and high latitudes are presented. As the initial data we took the homogeneous data obtained as a result of observations carried out at the Antarctic Molodezhnaya station by the method of continuous transmission probing of the ionosphere by signals of the satellite radionavigation Transit system at coherent frequencies of 150 and 400 MHz. The data relate to the summer season period in the Southern hemisphere of the Earth in 1988–1989 during high (F > 160) activity of the Sun. The behavior of the following statistical characteristics of radio signal parameters was analyzed: (a) the interval of correlation of fluctuations of amplitudes at a frequency of 150 MHz ( _kA ); (b) the interval of correlation of fluctuations of the difference phase ( _k); and (c) the parameter characterizing frequency spectra of amplitude (P _A) and phase (P ) fluctuations. A third-degree polynomial was used for modeling of propagation parameters. For all above indicated propagation parameters, the coefficients of the third-degree polynomial were calculated as a function of local time and magnetic activity. The results of calculations are tabulated.     

双星定向方法及试验研究

基于北斗双星定位系统对双星定向技术进行了深入研究.建立了详细的观测误差模型,该模型考虑了接收机钟差对整周模糊度求解和定向结果的影响,并用旋转基线法实现了整周模糊度求解.完成了双星定向试验,试验结果表明,当基线长度为0.827 m时,采用100秒的观测数据,双星定向精度优于0.03°.从而证明北斗双星定位系统具有快速、高精度定向的能力.     

Fluxes of Quasi-trapped Electrons with Energies >0.08 MeV in the Near-Earth Space on Drift Shells <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis> < 2

We study the characteristics of fluxes of electrons with energy >80 keV in the near-Earth space regions corresponding to the drift shells L = 1.7, 1.4, and 1.1 observed during the entire period of the GRIF experiment onboard the Spectr module of the Mir orbital station from October 1995 to June 1997. The obtained geographic maps of the distribution of electron fluxes at the height of the station flight (400 km) and, also, the estimates of the spectra indicate that the South-Atlantic Anomaly provides for a mechanism of stable replenishment for shells with L < 1.5. The mechanism of stable replenishment of shells with L < 1.5 may be due to the scattering, in the residual atmosphere, of electrons from the inner radiation belt precipitating into the region of the South-Atlantic Anomaly.     

船载遥测设备海上跟踪同步星标校的方法

结合船载遥测设备和测量船的特点,提出船载遥测设备海上跟踪同步星标校的方法,并通过试验数据进行验证。该方法克服了传统近场标校方法中存在的不足,实现了船载遥测设备海上精确标校。     

面向地震应用的SAR卫星及星座总体研究

根据我国地震灾害的特点,地震相关领域对SAR卫星的图像监测、科学数据采集条件和灾害应急等有着特殊的要求,反映在SAR卫星系统设计中,需要对图像指标、工作模式、重访周期、卫星编队或组网等方面进行特殊设计。文章从单颗卫星系统、卫星编队系统及卫星星座系统三个方面进行了地震应用的SAR卫星总体研究。     

编队卫星短弧段相对轨道确定方法研究

针对2颗星编队飞行的情况,描述了相对运动的3种动力学模型,利用GPS测量得到的相对位置矢量,选择了非线性最小二乘估计方法来实现相对轨道确定.结合空间圆编队构形进行了分析和仿真,结果表明该方法能得到高精度的相对状态信息,相对动力学模型越精确,相对状态信息精度越高.     

INR系统用于静止轨道高姿态精度卫星的分析

图像导航与配准(INR)系统是气象卫星的一项核心技术,INR采用系统分析的方法保证了卫星成像设备的指向精度和稳定性。文章介绍了INR的概念和主要处理过程,对INR系统的扰动源分析和技术方法进行了简要描述。结合天基红外高轨卫星、高分辨率成像卫星和激光通信卫星等高姿态精度卫星的系统组成和载荷技术特点,分析了INR技术方法在这些卫星上应用的可行性,并根据这三类卫星的载荷特点提出了INR具体应用的适应性修改,可以为卫星任务分析、系统设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Precipitating Protons and Their Role in Ionization of the Polar Ionosphere

Spatial distributions of the electron density in the latitude range 60°–90° N were calculated on the basis of a physical model of the E and lower Fregions of the high-latitude ionosphere using statistical models of auroral proton and electron precipitation. It is shown that precipitating protons can play the key role in the ionization of the Eregion in the dusk and midnight sectors of the auroral oval. However, quantitative estimates of the contribution of protons to the ionization depend on the used statistical models of electron precipitation. Comparison of the electron density profiles calculated for two incoherent scatter radars, EISCAT (Tromsö) and ESR (Svalbard), for simultaneous precipitation of electrons and protons and for electron precipitation only show that the influence of protons is the most significant in the dusk sector over the EISCAT radar and in the midnight sector over the ESR radar. The results presented indicate the need to take protons into account when radar data are used to derive precipitating electron spectra.     

地球空间双星探测计划的进展

扼要介绍了地球空间双星探测计划的提出和目标、地球空间双星探测工程系统的组成和特点、双星轨道飞行试验的情况