Autonomous mission reconstruction during the ascending flight of launch vehicles under typical propulsion system failures

In recent years, Chinese Long March(LM) launchers have experienced several launch failures, most of which occurred in their propulsion systems, and this paper studies Autonomous Mission Reconstruction(AMRC) technology to alleviate losses due to these failures. The status of the techniques related to AMRC, including trajectory and mission planning, guidance methods,and fault tolerant technologies, are reviewed, and their features are compared, which reflect the challenges faced by AMRC technology...     

基于软件的无人机故障注入技术研究

故障注入是一种用于容错计算机系统验证的有效技术,其应用效果直接取决于所采用的故障注入方法的正确性。文中采用硬件覆盖和故障模型的方法,模拟无人机系统的硬件故障,并着重讨论了在总线上注入故障的试验策略。然后用软件的方法构造了一个用于测评无人机飞行控制系统容错控制机制的故障注入工具UAVFI_01。在无人机动态测试过程中,故障注入试验结果表明了这种方案的正确性和可行性。     

Evaluation of built-in test

Built-in test (BIT) provides fault finding as a means to aid in system assembly, test, and maintenance. An investigation to evaluate BIT of a particular electronics board used in the in-flight entertainment system for Boeing 777s is described. We found BIT proved useful when failure occurrences were uniquely associated with the operating environment, situations which can result in no-fault found, or could-not duplicate (CND) failures upon test. We also observed cases where the BIT failed to observe failures, and in some cases pointed to the wrong cause of failure. These and other advantages and disadvantages of BIT implementation are discussed     

先进重构飞行控制技术和方法研究

重构飞行控制技术本质上是一种容错飞行控制技术，它使飞控系统具有适应未知故障和损伤的能力，从而可以有效地提高安全性和任务效能。先进重构飞行控制技术在原有的基础上更加强调自适应的能力，而不再依赖故障诊断和隔离（FDI）系统，因而促进了鲁棒控制、智能控制和逢适应控制技术在该领域的交叉和融合。首先回顾了重构飞行控制技术的发展现状，然后给出了几种先进重构控制方法，并总结了先进重构飞行控制技术的主要技术优势，最后展望了它的发展趋势和应用前景。     

航空电子的故障预测与健康管理技术

分析了引发航空电子设备故障的各种因素;详细讨论了航空电子设备全寿命周期内的故障预测与健康管理（PHM）技术,包括故障检测与健康监测、健康信息处理、故障预测和余寿评估;还介绍了基于健康信息综合管理的航空电子PHM系统的设计。     

复杂可修系统可信度建模中任务维修度计算的统计推断方法

在设定每一部件的致命性故障率为常数并在确定出各部件任务修复时间置信上限的基础上,通过对可能发生的多次致命性故障事件的概率状态描述,得到了部件故障率与系统可信度的定量关系,进而依据这一可信度的建模原理归纳出不考虑任务修复时间的具体分布类型时复杂可修串联系统可信度的计算方法,同时也给出了任务维修度的统计推断表达式;最后,以典型的 ４ 部件串联可修系统为例,探讨了致命性故障次数、允许任务修复时间、部件任务修复时间的不同置信上限等的变化对系统可信度的影响,并论证了系统可靠性、维修性和保障性与可信度的关系。     

Digital Computation Makes AFCS More Reliable

In airline service the reliability of a system is more than the confirmed failures for the system; it is the total removal experience of the system. Thus, the reliability of a system lies not only in the piece part failure rates, but also in the capability to verify and isolate failures. The application of digital technology brings several significant reliability improvements to automatic flight control systems (AFCS) when compared to contemporary analog systems. These advantages are demonstrated by the experience of the digital air data computer (DADC) of the DC-10 and the digital AFCS of the JA-37 Viggen. Experience with this equipment is reviewed, and the results are interpreted in terms of projections for airline DAFCS reliability. The digital system built-in test implemented by a stored program and the central processor gives a system integrity and dispatch reliability unequaled by analog systems. This high-integrity self-test reduces removal rates by giving line personnel a trustworthy tool and more complete automatic test processes for verifying maintenance actions. Digital circuit technology is directly suitable to largescale integrated circuits (LSIC) which reduce piece part counts and improve LRU reliability. Digital circuits are less subject to drift and the attendant difficulty to detect failures. These factors, coupled with the inherent high-integrity self-test, provide the basis for a significant improvement in reliability by the use of a digital automatic flight control system.     

Progressive prediction method for failure data with small sample size

The small sample prediction problem which commonly exists in reliability analysis was discussed with the progressive prediction method in this paper.The modeling and estimation procedure,as well as the...     

基于专家系统的导弹发射车液压系统故障诊断

 液压系统为导弹发射车提供动力源,该系统运行的可靠性在不同程度上影响着导弹发射车的工作性能。针对导弹发射车液压系统故障知识的特点,提出了将领域专家经验分解成故障现象、故障原因和故障规则的知识表达方式,设计了由故障现象、故障原因分别构成故障规则前件和后件的知识获取方法,实现了故障知识的有效管理和维护。针对故障诊断流程图的结构特点,提出了故障诊断二叉树的概念,给出了将诊断流程图转化成故障诊断二叉树的方法,并在此基础上设计了基于故障诊断二叉树的故障推理机和基于二叉树前序遍历的故障解释机制。实践表明该专家系统的设计方法及原理具有一定实用性和通用性,对同类系统的设计具有很好的借鉴作用。     

第三类瞬时故障

 瞬时故障广泛存在于各种系统并导致功能失效。按照其导致系统故障的机理不同,瞬时故障可被划分为若干类。第一类瞬时故障具有这样的性质,其持续时间一旦超过某一界限即引起系统故障。第二类瞬时故障导致系统故障的概率与其出现时刻有关而与其持续时间无关。 本文讨论第三类瞬时故障并计算其在（0,t）时间内不导致系统故障的概率。第三类瞬时故障具有这样的性质,其导致系统故障的概率与其持续对间的关系服从某一分布。本文所建立的用于描述第三类瞬时故障的模型考虑了瞬时故障不出现状态FNP,以及瞬时故障不作用状态FN和瞬时故障作用状态FA向FNP的转移,但并没有假定状态之间的转移具有Markov性质。因而可被广泛接受。     

Using PoF models to predict system reliability considering failure collaboration

Existing Physics-of-Failure-based (PoF-based) system reliability prediction methods are grounded on the independence assumption, which overlooks the dependency among the compo-nents. In this paper, a new type of dependency, referred to as failure collaboration, is introduced and considered in reliability predictions. A PoF-based model is developed to describe the failure behavior of systems subject to failure collaboration. Based on the developed model, the Bisection-based Reliability Analysis Method (BRAM) is exploited to calculate the system reliabil-ity. The developed methods are applied to predicting the reliability of a Hydraulic Servo Actuator (HSA). The results demonstrate that the developed methods outperform the traditional PoF-based reliability prediction methods when applied to systems subject to failure collaboration.     

振动特性敏感区上的结构故障诊断与监测

本文提出了通过敏感的振动特性来进行结构故障早期诊断的图象识别诊断法和参数变化诊断法。前者可以判断故障是否发生并作简单分类,后者能同时确定故障的部位和严重程度。两方法都用到了悬臂梁的故障诊断中,结果表明是有效的。     

弹载电子设备寿命预测方法研究

介绍了寿命预测的基本概念及目前较常用的几种预测方法,分析了这几种方法的优缺点。着重描述了具有"少数据建模"特点的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型的建模方法及后验差精度检验方法,最后应用此模型解决了某型号弹载电子设备寿命预测的问题。     

Assessment of safety in space power wiring systems

Wiring system failures have resulted from arc propagation in the wiring harnesses of many aircraft and space vehicles. These failures occur when the insulation becomes conductive upon the initiation of an arc. In some cases, the conductive path of the carbon arc track displays a high enough resistance such that the current is limited, and therefore may be difficult to detect using conventional circuit protection. Often, such wiring failures are not simply the result of insulation failure but are due to a combination of wiring system factors. Inadequate circuit protection, unreliable system designs, and careless maintenance procedures can contribute to a wiring system failure. This paper approaches the problem with respect to the overall wiring system, in order to determine what steps can be taken to improve the reliability, maintainability, and safety of space power systems. Power system technologies, system designs, and maintenance procedures which have contributed to past wiring system failures are discussed. New technologies, design processes, and management techniques which may lead to improved wiring system safety are introduced     

航空发电机传动轴扭转振动测试实验研究

航空发电机是飞机任务系统电能的主要来源,也是任务系统甚至载机正常工作的保证。考虑到任务系统工作时具有脉冲电流的特性,利用地面实验设备,模拟发电机的实际运行状态和载荷情况,进行发电机的动态测试实验,得到了脉冲电流作用下发电机弹性传动轴冲击扭转振动曲线。通过对实验结果的对比分析,证实了任务系统工作时的脉冲电流是发电机传动机构扭转振动的主要激励源,同时也是弹性传动轴出现断轴故障的主要原因;适当增大弹性轴的轴径,可以改善系统的固有特性,从而有效缓解弹性轴扭转力矩的振动峰值。     

Electronics for a Low-Cost Orbiting Vehicle

Efficient use of booster development programs by accommodation of secondary payloads, together with maximum utilization of off-theshelf equipment, developed and space proven on other programs, makes it possible to place scientific experiments into earth orbit at comparatively low cost. A low-cost vehicle designated the OV2-1, developed for the Office of Aerospace Research, is described in some detail, starting with mission requirements, and covering each electronic subsystem, the electronic checkout equipment, and testing.     

ENGINE SENSOR FAULT DIAGNOSIS USING MAIN AND DECENTRALIZED NEURAL NET WORKS

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Linux下无人机软件故障注入系统研究与设计

基于linux系统的软件故障注入方法,设计了一个软件故障注入系统UAVFI_L,采用硬件覆盖和故障模型的方法,模拟无人机系统的硬件故障,并着重讨论了在总线上注入故障的试验策略。最后用一台工控机和飞控计算机通讯,注入故障。故障注入试验结果表明了这种方案的正确性和可行性。     

故障注入技术在飞行器非电系统中的应用进展

故障注入是一种基于试验的测评方法，是飞行器综合健康管理的重要组成部分，在提高飞行器的安全性方面具有重要作用。本文介绍了故障注入技术的基本原理，详细阐述了故障注入的各种实现方法在飞行器中的应用现状，重点分析了故障注入技术在飞行器结构、防热、液压、机械等非电系统应用中的关键技术以及存在的技术难点，并展望了该领域的发展。     

舰载飞机拦阻钩载荷实测方法研究

为完成某舰载飞机飞行试验任务,采用应变法实测了其拦阻着舰时的拦阻钩载荷。在分析着舰拦阻过程中拦阻钩受载状态的基础上,建立了拦阻钩纵向、侧向和垂向这3个方向上的载荷模型;对拦阻钩钩臂进行内力分析,设计了载荷测量应变电桥,并进行了载荷校准,建立了载荷方程。给出并详细分析了典型拦阻过程中的拦阻钩载荷,计算了拦阻功量及拦阻系统的效率。最后,通过与常规单向载荷模型的对比,探讨了采用三向载荷模型的意义。分析表明,建立的模型和采用的方法正确,结果合理可信,可供相关工程参考。