The Engineer as a Radical?

Outdated and rigorous curricula are not only producing engineers unsuited to the challenges of the 1970's, but they are scaring off many of the most creative and intelligent students. Engineering education has become an endurance test; the excitement has been lost. Most students strive only to get out. Engineering schools have not yet realized the importance of the involvement of engineers in current environmental problems. They continue to present only the dry technical courses and seem unconcerned about the student's sense of social perspective or his motivation. This paper proposes a freshman awareness seminar plus project oriented learning in the following years as a remedy for this sad situation.     

企业人力资产贡献及其利用效果评价研究

企业人力资产管理是人力资产贡献和利用效果管理.针对企业人力资产管理的实际需要,文章提出了企业人力资产贡献增加值的测算方法和企业人力资产利用效果评价方法,并概括了衡量企业人力资产规模和构成的合理程度的标准.     

A maintenance-free lead acid battery for inertial navigationsystems aircraft

Historically, aircraft inertial navigation system (INS) batteries have utilized vented nickel-cadmium batteries for emergency DC power. The United States Navy and Air Force developed separate systems during their respective INS developments. The Navy contracted with Litton industries to produce the LTN-72 and Air Force contracted with Delco to produce the Carousel IV INS for the large cargo and specialty aircraft applications, over the years, a total of eight different battery national stock numbers (NSNs) have entered the stock system along with 75 battery spare part NSNs. The standard hardware acquisition and reliability program is working with the Aircraft Battery Group at Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 536), Wright Laboratory, Battelle Memorial Institute, and Concorde Battery Corporation to produce a standard INS battery. This paper discusses the approach taken to determine whether the battery should be replaced and to select the replacement chemistry. The paper also discusses the battery requirements, aircraft that the battery is compatible with, and status of Navy flight evaluation. Projected savings in avoided maintenance in Navy and Air Force INS systems is projected to be $14.7 million per year with a manpower reduction of 153 maintenance personnel. The new INS battery is compatible with commercially sold INS systems which represents 66% of the systems sold     

某型歼击机副翼人力操纵可行性分析

为消除飞行人员对副翼人力操纵的疑虑，在建立副翼人力操纵可行性分析模型的基础上，应用飞行力学的基本原理，对某型歼击机因液压系统正常供压部分失效，副翼助力器转换为人力操纵后所需的压杆力进行了定量分析计算。结果表明，在应急情况下，只要处理得当，该型飞机副翼人力操纵是可行的。     

Energy-efficient intensifiers of laminar heat transfer

In this paper, calculations of some thermo-hydraulic parameters of different intensified channels have been carried out and a grooved channel that is optimal in mass and energy expenditure is determined. A new variant of the intensified channel is proposed and recommendations for engineers are presented.     

单机组保障人员维护能力模型初探

近几年来,随着新一代高技术装备大量进入现役,装备本身对人的要求越来越高,人的因素逐渐引起了重视。为合理地组织配置人力资源,充分发挥人力资源的效能。就某型飞机单机组人员维护能力进行评估,分析影响人力系统维护能力的主要因素,并应用层次分析法建立计算维护系统维护能力的数学模型。进一步给出了计算维护能力的方法。结果表明此方法对提高机务部队的管理效率提供了科学可行的量化手段。     

航空金属滤网的特种加工技术(英文)

Thanks to recent advances in manufacturing technology, aerospace system designers have many more options to fabricate high-quality, low-weight, high-capacity, cost-effective filters. Aside from traditional methods such as stamping, drilling and milling, many new approaches have been widely used in filter-manufacturing practices on account of their increased processing abilities. How- ever, the restrictions on costs, the need for studying under stricter conditions such as in aggressive fluids, the complicity in design, the workability of materials, and others have made it difficult to choose a satisfactory method from the newly developed processes, such as, photochemical machining （PCM）, photo electroforming （PEF） and laser beam machining （LBM） to produce small, inexpensive, lightweight aerospace filters. This article appraises the technical and economical viability of PCM, PEF, and LBM to help engineers choose the fittest approach to turn out aerospace filters.     

Personal positioning for young professionals

This paper will explore the different employment options for engineers. While the majority of engineers are employed directly by companies, the recent changes in corporations has resulted in an increase in the number of engineers pursuing contract engineering, consulting, and other forms of self-employment. In this paper the author looks at the pros and cons of each employment option, and pose several questions that engineers should consider as they plan their careers. Personal positioning is a key element of an engineer's career. In today's rapidly evolving workplace your career may take several different directions. Employment options are increasing and varying. Options include direct, contract consulting, and self-employment. This paper addresses each of these options and provides one with a series of questions that one should consider before exercising any of these options. The options of working for small companies versus large companies and the management track versus the technical track are also considered     

On management and control of turbulent shear flows

Concepts of turbulent flow control have become of growing importance during the last few years, following increased interest in the detailed structural scenario of turbulence—in particular our improved understanding of coherent structures on the one hand (the prerequisite), and a need for improvement of technological processes on the other (the goal). These considerations have mainly been followed by engineers and physicists concerned with problems in aerodynamics. It is our aim to draw the attention of a wider group of engineers to turbulent flow control in order to speed up the transfer of knowledge from aerodynamics to applications in other fields of engineering.

In this paper an attempt is made to compile a major body of the available knowledge on flow control in separated and wall bounded turbulent flows. After a brief introduction of the basics of control theory (Section 2) and of the major flow structures and their stability characteristics (Section 3) free and wall bounded turbulent shear flows are discussed (Sections 4 and 5). This discussion summarizes the main relationships between structure and flow behaviour and shows possibilities of influencing properties of these flows such as increasing mixing or avoiding separation.     

论人力资本的增值管理

物质资本的管理一直是企业与社会经济活动的焦点。随着经济活动的发展，人尤其是高素质的人成为企业与社会发展的核心动力：因此，人力资本的有效管理提上了日程。其目的在于实现人力资本的增值。本文分析了我国人力资本管理的现状与不足，并有针对性地提出了问题的解决方法。     

Gurney襟翼改善翼型动态失速特性研究

采用CFD数值方法,研究了NACA0012翼型、加装传统Gurney襟翼及改进不对称Gurney襟翼后翼型的动态失速特性。给出了传统襟翼对翼型动态失速特性的影响,并带来较大动态低头力矩的不足,基于传统襟翼的不足,提出了改进的不对称Gurney襟翼方案。研究表明,不对称Gurney襟翼可较好改善翼型的动态失速特性,在增加动态升力的同时,俯仰低头力矩明显减小,可能是直升机旋翼的较理想翼型。     

粗集理论在航空产品质量诊断中的应用研究

分析了航空产品制造的复杂性,针对目前生产方式的转变以及人工智能方法用于过程质量智能化诊断的不足,提出利用粗集理论进行航空产品生产的过程质量诊断以满足产品复杂性对质量提出的要求,通过实例讨论了该方法的优越性.     

一种无人机飞行动作质量分析方法

针对目前人工评估无人机飞行动作质量的方法难以做到客观、准确并且效率低下等问题,提出了一种基于关键参数偏差的飞行动作质量分析方法。针对无人机不同的飞行机动动作,设计关键参数提取方法,进而利用箱形图、离散系数、趋势线进一步探索了关键参数分布的集中性、离散性和稳定性分析方法,实现了对长时段内无人机飞行动作质量的综合评估。所述方法已经在实际系统中得到了应用,有效地提高了无人机的飞行训练质量评估和安全管理水平,对其他有飞行动作质量客观评估需求的领域也有借鉴意义。     

可靠性系统工程的理论与技术框架

简要回顾了可靠性系统工程的形成过程,以产品故障为核心,阐述了可靠性系统工程的概念与定义,把认识产品故障发生规律和故障表现规律作为可靠性系统工程基础理论,把故障预防技术、故障控制技术和故障修复技术作为可靠性系统工程的基础技术,把基础技术的集成作为可靠性系统工程的应用技术,从而初步建立了可靠性系统工程的理论与技术框架,细化了可靠性系统工程的学科内涵。可靠性系统工程作为初现的新学科,虽然尚未达到严格定义与清晰表达的完善状态,但是我们完全有信心期待其作为一种新的方法论,帮助工程设计人员更好地完成工程系统的设计。     

HicksHenne翼型参数化方法分析及改进

HicksHenne参数化方法是一种在翼型优化设计中广泛使用的参数化方法,详细探讨了HicksHenne参数化方法的特性,针对翼型设计的要求,分析并发现了标准HicksHenne参数化方法在翼型设计应用中存在的不足,即当采用有限设计变量进行翼型设计时,生成的翼型的后缘夹角与基准翼型相比不会发生改变。提出了改进的措施,用实际算例证明了改进后的HicksHenne参数化方法能够根据要求改变翼型的后缘夹角,并且保持了HicksHenne方法原有的优点,拓展了HicksHenne参数化方法的参数化设计空间。     

Avionics Development and Integration System Methods

This paper describes a set of life cycle methods that were developed in 1980 and 1981 and used in the later phases of the 757/767 airplane programs. They have been used as a framework to establish and guide the introduction of a wide use of similar methods for the future avionics of Boeing's next airplane, the 7J7. The methods were designed to improve communication of the system's requirements, architecture and implementation to a wide group of interested parties ? not just the development engineers but also the users, maintainers, customers and support organizations. A major aspect of these methods is that they were designed to be used for systems in general not just software systems. This paper will describe the background and goals and objectives leading to the need for systems engineering methods, describe the methods and give an example of their use. It will conclude with remarks on steps taken to introduce methods of this type on a wide scale to support the next Boeing airplane.     

计算机辅助企业人力资源管理与开发系统

人力资源是企业获得成功的重要砝码.针对企业人力资源管理中体现数据含义的需要,设计出计算机辅助企业人力资源管理与开发系统.该系统为用户提供数据、图形等统计指标显示,通过分析为用户提供解决方案,网络技术还可以实现系统的远程操作.该系统不仅为企业的人力资源管理与开发提供便利,还体现了计算机技术为企业的人力资源带来的更深层的管理决策意义.     

Engineering and Electrical Engineering?Supply and Demand

Change in employment of engineers is shown to be related to the Deutsch and Shea Index of Engineering Demand. A relationship is given that shows the changes in engineering employment on a quarterly and annual basis. Engineering employment has turned upward for the first time since the last quarter of 1969. We have displaced and stored over 90 000 qualified engineers since 1969, in addition to displacing over 40 000 not qualified by an engineering education. Estimates by some of the need for 48 000 engineers per year is shown to be highly questionable. Current demand is still insufficient to absorb the current output without displacing some currently employed. It is suggested that demand in specialties can be determined by advertising lineage devoted to specialties in the same manner that the engineering demand is determined by the Deutsch and Shea Index. The years 1970, 1971, and 1972 were characterized by a decrease in employment of 62 000 engineers, 150 000 new graduates, 25 000 immigrants, and only 55 000 normal retirements and deaths.     

Preliminary design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motor

In this paper,design and optimization technique of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors has been discussed.In doing so,the design objectives and constraints have been set,geometric parameters identified,performance prediction parameters calculated,thereafter preliminary designs completed and finally optimal design reached.Geometric model for slotted tube grain configuration has been developed.Average thrust has been taken as the objective function with constraints of burning time,mass of propellant,fixed length and diameter of chamber case.Lumped parameter method has been used for calculating the performance prediction parameters.A set of preliminary designs has been completed and an analysis of these results conducted.Although all the preliminary results fulfill the design requirements in terms of objective function and constraints,however in order to attain the optimal design,Sequential quadratic programming optimization technique has been adopted.As the slotted tube grain geometry is totally dependent upon various independent variables and each of these variables has a bearing on explicit characteristic of grain designing,hence affects of the independent variables on performance parameters have been examined,thus variation laws have been developed.Basing on the variation laws and the analysis of preliminary design results,upper and lower limits have been defined for the independent geometric variables and an initial guess provided for conducting optimization.Results attained exhibits that an optimal result has been attained and the value of objective function has been maximized.All the design constraint limits have also been met while ensuring sound values of volumetric loading fraction,web fraction and neutrality.This methodology of design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors can be used by engineers as a reference guide for actual design and engineering purposes.      

基于动态时差和粒子群算法的导弹技术保障人力资源优化配置方法

针对导弹技术保障中人力资源使用大起大落现象,将粒子群算法运用到网络计划的资源均衡优化中。研究了资源均衡优化问题的评价模型,引入了基于动态时差的优化方法,提出了基于粒子群算法的资源均衡优化方法,选取了一个算例进行了实例验算,验证了该方法在导弹技术保障人力资源优化配置中的可行性和有效性。