高速飞行器热防护技术概述

热防护系统是保护高速飞行器不受气动加热影响的主要手段，是高速飞行器不可或缺的重要组成部分。概括介绍了高速飞行器热防护系统的类型，主要包括五种类型的热防护结构和五种类型的热防护材料。对作用于高速飞行器热防护系统的多种因素进行了分析，阐明了高速飞行器热防护技术的发展方向。     

载人航天器热控应用材料

载人航天要求绝对保证航天员的身体健康和生命安全,并使其能舒适地生活和高效地工作。本文从安全性和可靠性两方面论述了载人航天飞行对所用热控材料的基本要求,并简要介绍了载人航天器应用的热控材料(包括涂层、隔热材料、导热填充料、相变材料、毛细多孔材料、热管、电热材料以及热双金属材料、热电致冷材料等)。     

Internet与材料热物理性能研究

我们利用Internet网，查阅了与材料热物理性能研究有关的资料，获得了如下一些信息，与从事材料热物理性能研究的同行们共享。1热物理性能国际组织和协会·欧洲热科学和热传递发展联合会（EurompC（CommittefortheAdvancementofThermalSciencesandHeatTransfer）网址：http：wwwerg．casaccia．enea.it/eurotherm／·英国热物理性能研究协会TPAC（Thenno．physicalPropertiesAwarenessClub）网址：http：／／www．npl．co．uk／npl／collaboration／clubs／tpac／tpachome．html·意大利热物理性能协会AIPT（ItalianheietyforTher…     

金属热防护系统边缘热短路研究

研究了金属热防护系统(TPS)的缝隙辐射及支架两大热短路问题。通过数值计算分析了缝隙宽度和缝隙辐射率对热短路的影响,完成了整体样件以及阵列组合件的稳态传热实验测试,定量地研究了热短路的影响情况。实验结果显示:支架处热短路现象明显,实验中支架引发的热短路温差高达50K;在773K以下,缝隙传热引发的温升随着缝隙宽度的增加而线性增加;在773K以上,辐射热传导在缝隙宽度超过3mm时即成为内部传热的主导机制,这时缝隙传热引发的温升不再随宽度增加而线性递增。所提供的数值分析和实验方法可为金属热防护系统的分析与设计提供重要的参考价值。     

飞行器用热防护材料发展趋势

综述了飞行器热防护材料的发展历史,重点介绍了典型非烧蚀热防护材料体系,并根据新型飞行器对于热防护材料的需求,对未来热防护材料发展趋势进行了分析。     

航天器热控材料的应用和发展

介绍了航天器热控系统对材料的要求以及应用的情况，并根据航天器总体和热控技术的需求，对热控材料的发展提出初步的建议。     

可重复使用热防护材料研究进展

具有轻量化、耐高温、高抗损伤、重复使用、易于维护等性能的热防护材料是空天往返飞行器的关键材料,影响飞行器的先进性、可靠性、维护性和经济性。本文针对可重复使用飞行器机身大面积、头锥、翼前缘以及控制面等部位所需的热防护材料,综述了刚性隔热瓦、柔性隔热毡、抗氧化C/C、C/SiC、TUFROC等可重复使用热防护材料的发展历史、研究现状及在飞行器上的应用情况。总结了高温服役过程中典型热防护材料的损伤及性能衰减行为,并提出以材料损伤为基础,研究材料的可重复使用性能及寿命预测方法。最后,提出研制高性能可重复使用热防护材料、发展热防护材料可重复使用理论方法与标准、建立可重复使用热防护材料数据库是该领域今后需要重点关注的方向。     

吸波材料的热重-差热同步测试与分析

用日本PTC－10A型差热分析仪，对吸波材料做热量－差热同步分析，进一步研究了吸波材料（聚氨酯泡沫塑料）的热解性及燃烧性。研究发现，国内主要生产厂家提供的吸波材料（聚氨酯泡沫塑料）初始分解温度均在200℃以上，完全可以满足无回波室的正常使用要求。它为航标的制定和无回波室选材提供了可靠依据。     

隔热-相变复合热防护构件热防护能力研究

以隔热瓦、氯化锂相变复合材料、硝酸锂定形相变复合材料和季戊四醇定形相变复合材料为原料制备了隔热-相变复合热防护构件及其纯隔热对比样,采用快速升温单侧加热装置测试了其在1 200℃下的长时热防护性能.结果表明,相同加热时间7 650 s,复合热防护构件及纯隔热对比样的背温分别为222.3、644.0℃,复合热防护构件的隔...     

金属热防护系统的研究进展

简述国外几代金属热防护系统的发展概况，并论述金属热防护结构的组成特点，对金属热防护系统与其他传统热防护系统的优缺点进行比较，指出金属热防护系统必将是各种类型可重复使用航天飞行器大面积防热的最佳选择。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.