Zener Diodes as Vehicular and Aircraft Transient Suppressors

The prime purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics and application of high powered Zener diodes as transient suppressors for transients emanating in ground vehicle and aircraft power supplies. Information is presented on voltage transients as specified in MIL-STD-704 for aircraft and MIL-STD-1275(AT) for military ground vehicles and the ability of advanced high power Zener diodes in suppressing the levels of voltages specified therein. A complete transient suppressor capable of operating externally to the equipment intended for protection is also described.     

Effect of Electrical Generator Parameters on Transient Suppressors

In vehicular and aircraft generating systems, the voltage transient suppressor requirements for protection of utilization loads are generally based on measured values of valtage transients and the generating system impedance. This paper presents an approximate method for determining the suppressor requirements that disregards the generating system impedance. When a voltage surge due to removal of load is suppressed, the greater portion of the removed load current is transferred to the shunt-type suppressor. The influence of generating system voltage regulator design on severity of voltage transients is discussed.     

供电系统的干扰模式及抑制措施

供电系统的电磁干扰主要由发电机噪声、整流谐波、开关频率和它的谐波,以及在开关转换中高速电流和电压的瞬变所引起,这些干扰可通过传导和辐射的方式直接影响交流电网和用电设备。所以,本文所要讨论的主要问题就是电磁干扰的解决方法。     

电源端口电磁脉冲防护方法研究

为了解决电源端口在不同电磁脉冲条件下的防护问题,提出了一种适用于多种电磁脉冲防护设计方法。该方法能依据不同电磁脉冲波形精准指导防护电路设计;该方法使用CST对电源端口电源线及电路建模进行仿真分析;利用其电磁仿真结果,设计防护电路;并采用数值计算方法对防护电路中的防护器件瞬态电压抑制器进行精准设计,可保证瞬态电压抑制器本身及后级电路不发生损坏,可为电源端口防护不同电磁脉冲提供理论依据。     

Computer Simulation of Satellite Electric Power Systems

A computer program concept is described for performing an electrical analysis and a transient thermal analysis of a satellite electric power subsystem consisting of a solar array, battery, and power controls. The program "flies" the power subsystem and certain thermally sensitive portions of the spacecraft through one or more complete orbits, and plots curves of voltages, currents, temperatures, and energy balance in critical parts of the power and thermal subsystems.     

The High Power Metal-Oxide Varistor as a Vehicular and Aircrcraft Transient Suppessor

The shunt-type transient suppressor currently being used by the U.S. Army for suppression of voltage transients in tactical and combat vehicles is applicable to military aircraft as well. Advances in metal-oxide varistor technology have led to the development of a low-cost, low-voltage device having a breakdown voltage designed for use in 28-V dc electrical systems. This paper discusses the avalanche diode and the metal-oxide varistor as high-power transient suppressors. lt shows that the metal-oxide varistor has a less effective voltage clamp at the required breakdown level of 33 to 36 volts.     

边界扫描技术在 C919交换机项目中的应用

介绍了边界扫描技术在 C919交换机项目中的设计与实现。详细阐述了边界扫描技术原理、交换机JTAG 链的硬件设计、Corelis 公司的 JTAG 开发工具、测试向量的生成及调试、Flash 的在线编程等。最终实现了边界扫描技术在 C919交换机项目中的初步应用。     

电流控制脉宽调制技术

阐述了应用于功率变换器中的一种新颖控制技术——电流控制脉宽调制(PWM)技术的基本构成及电路原理,分析了电流控制技术的基本特性。     

Detection of hidden Markov model transient signals

Addressed here is the quickest detection of transient signals which can be represented as hidden Markov models (HMMs), with the application of detection of transient signals. Relying on the fact that Page's test is equivalent to a repeated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), we are able to devise a procedure analogous to Page's test for dependent observations. By using the so-called forward variable of an HMM, such a procedure is applied to the detection of a change in hidden Markov modeled observations, i.e., a switch from one HMM to another. Performance indices of Page's test, the average run length (ARL) under both hypotheses, are approximated and confirmed via simulation. Several important examples are investigated in depth to illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.     

基于TVS管的机载电子设备数据接口雷电防护设计

针对机载电子设备数据接口的雷电防护要求,本文介绍了机载电子设备雷电防护器件的选择依据,分析了基于TVS管的数据接口雷电防护方法和电路拓扑结构,给出了计算公式并指出了TVS管用于数据接口雷电防护设计中需要注意的问题。     

Advances in high voltage power switching with GTOs

A high-voltage opening switch that uses gate-turnoff thyristors (GTOs) in series and successfully operates at voltages higher than the rated voltage of the individual devices has been demonstrated. The switch design and construction are described, and experimental results are given. The demonstration system is rated at 5 kV and uses 1-kV devices. A larger 24-kV system is under design and will use 4.5-kV devices. In order to design the 24-kV switch, the safe operating area of the large devices must be thoroughly known     

Experiments in Adaptive Estimation of Unknown Binary Waveforms

A special-purpose adaptive machine is described which carries out estimation in real time of an unknown binary waveform which is perturbed with additive Gaussian noise. Unknown waveforms of over 103 samples in duration can be recovered. The unknown waveforms are of unknown epoch and can reappear at either random or periodic time intervals. The observed signal is received at moderate or low signal-to-noise ratios so that a single observation of the received data (even if one knew the precise signal arrival time) is not sufficient to provide a good estimate of the signal waveshape. Experimental results are described which show transient behavior waveform estimate. The transient behavior is expressed as the number of errors in the current estimate of the signal plotted vs. time. In a noisy environment, each ``learning' transient is a random time function. These learning transients are shown for several different signal-to-noise ratios and indicate the threshold noise levels for various types of initial states of the machine memory.     

离心泵的瞬变过程性能研究

本文介绍了离心泵在纯液相流瞬变工况的性能研究的一些进展.特别注意了泵在气-液两相流瞬变工况的机理分析.介绍了航天部31所对于冲压发动机供油系统涡轮泵流体瞬变过程的研究成果.研究表明,离心泵的瞬变性能是其重要的特性之一;不能离开泵所在系统来讨论其瞬变性能;在非定常流中,区分“瞬变过程”与“缓变过程”,有十分重要的理论与实践意义.     

Electronically Tracking Antenna System for Satellite Reception

This correspondence describes a novel electronically tracking antenna system for satellite reception in the VHF range. The "hedgehog" antenna consists of several antennas directed in different directions to cover the whole sky. An electronic switch, controlled by the satellite receiver, connects the receiver to the antenna from which the desired satellite signal is obtained. This system is especially suitable for unmanned reliable receiving stations if an antenna gain of the order of 10 dB is enough.     

涡喷发动机过渡态工作线显示仪及其应用

本文提出了一种测量涡喷发动机过渡过程的专用仪器——涡喷发动机过渡工作线显示仪。它可以根据发动机进气的总压和静压以及出口的总压信号实时计算出发动机的瞬时换算空气流量及压气机增压比,因而将发动机的瞬时工作线自动显示出来。文章给出了仪器的原理,线路和性能。利用此仪器对发动机的各种过渡过程进行了分析研究。测定了发动机在加速、减速过程和失速喘振过程中工作点移动的轨迹,分析了其工作特征。      

Improved ZCS-PWM commutation cell for IGBTs application

An improved zero-current-switching pulsewidth-modulated (ZCS-PWM) commutation cell is presented, which is suitable for high-power applications using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the power switches. It provides ZCS operation for active switches and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation for passive switches. Besides operating at constant frequency and reducing commutation losses, the proposed ZCS-PWM switch cell has no additional current stress and conduction loss in the main switch. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ZCS-PWM commutation cell, it was applied to a boost converter. Operating principle, theoretical analysis, design guidelines, and a design example are described and verified by experiment results obtained from a prototype rated 1 kW and operating at 40 kHz. The PWM switch model and state-space averaging approach is also used to estimate and examine the steady-state and dynamic character of ZCS-PWM boost converter system. Finally, the application of the proposed soft-switching technique in the dc-dc nonisolated converters is presented.     

涡扇发动机滑模参数限制调节器设计与仿真

以涡扇发动机参数限制保护为目标设计了一种滑模(SM)调节器.采用区域极点配置的混合范数综合法设计了滑模调节器的反馈增益系数;根据全局渐近稳定性判据验证了本滑模控制仿真的稳定性;基于滑模调节器在仿真环境中进行了控制系统的建模,对不同的滑模可调参数切换增益进行了比对分析,并选取了某一组切换增益值作为后续仿真的基准参数;仿真对比分析了滑模调节器和线性调节器的调节效果.结果表明:基于滑模控制方法所设计滑模参数限制调节器在发动机过渡态过程中对发动机进行主控,克服了线性参数限制调节器在过渡态过程几乎无法实施控制的缺点; 该设计的滑模参数限制调节器能在7s内实现发动机过渡态的参数限制保护功能.      

8"×8" full color cockpit display

The operation of active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs), the preferred flat-panel displays for avionic and aerospace applications, is explained. An 8-in.×8-in. full-color AMLCD designed for a military aircraft is described, as well as the principles of the p-i-n diode switch on which its design is based. The performance characteristics of the display are examined     

Novel AC-DC and DC-DC converters with a diode-capacitor multiplier

This paper presents a transformerless ac-dc and or dc-dc converter with a high output voltage multiplicity, which contains only one switch. The converter consists of an inverter and a diode-capacitor multiplier (DCM) and provides a voltage gain equal to double the number of multiplier steps. In the case of ac-dc conversion the proposed converter offers a practically unit power factor and provides a sine wave input current. The analysis of the steady state as well as the transient behavior of the DCM is given and simplified equivalent circuits are proposed. The prototype of the DCM has been built and tested to show the validity of the proposed converter. The theoretical analysis, the computer simulation results, and the experimental testing results are in good agreement.     

Efficient technique for suppression of motor transient voltage

This paper presents a design consideration for the effects of long feeding cables in pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage-fed drive. The focus is mainly the overvoltage transient presented in the motor. Theoretical analysis has been achieved based on the transmission line traveling wave theory. Factors contributing to the motor transient overvoltage including typically < 2 pu (per unit) bus voltage or especially the > 2 pu case are described both in theory and by experiment. An improved simple filter structure with low power loss has been proposed. Case study for an adjustable speed ac motor drive is demonstrated by means of prototype experiment to prove its performance and effectiveness.