C波段单孔定向耦合式中功率计的研制

基于研制能用于现场校准测试的微波中功率计,介绍一种C波段通过式波导接口形式的中功率计,包括分段式波导单孔定向耦合器和半导体热电偶式功率计的设计原理和组成,还分析了测试数据和其合成测量不确定度。测试数据结果表明,该功率计具有较高的测量准确度。     

一种新型双层介质结构Butler矩阵研究

提出并实现一种基于双层微带结构的新型8×8 Butler矩阵。利用双层微波电路结构将器件分置于上下层以省略跨接器;采用两段近似λ_g/8阶梯耦合微带线Schiffman结构实现宽频带移相;采用三分支线定向耦合器作为宽带电桥。采用该方法设计并实现工作于C波段的8×8 Butler矩阵样品;实测结果表明,其可在(4.2~5.3)GHz范围内实现各端口回波损耗不大于10dB、端口隔离不小于17dB、功分比误差不超过±1.5dB、相位误差不大于±12°等指标,实测平均插入损耗约2.5dB。新型Butler矩阵较之采用跨接器的经典结构损耗小,更加适用于较大规模多波束成型网络。     

大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量

介绍了反射计测量原理,提出了一种构造非对称性双定向耦合器、实现大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量的解决方案,指出了此方法的优点,并分析与评定了反射系数测量结果的不确定度。     

波导缝隙在模拟阵列环境中的有源导纳值计算方法

通过分析、综合关于波导缝隙天线阵的两种常用的综合设计方法（实验测量设计和理论计算设计法）的优缺点，提出了用理论分析计算的方法求解模拟阵列环境中波导缝隙的有源导纳和谐振长度值的设想和具体实现方法。这样既省去了实验测量设计法中测试部件的加工和测量过程，又充分地发挥了理论计算设计法适合于对小型波导缝隙阵进行分析与设计的特点，将会大大地减少波导缝隙天线阵综合设计的工作量。     

8mm波段E面七端口结的设计

本文叙述了用5只E面3dB定向耦合器构成的一种工作在8mm波段的七端口结,E面3dB桥的设计采用了CAD技术,所需等效电路参数由实验确定。系统的实验结果表明,本七端口结的工作是令人满意的。     

用匹配膜片改善横电磁波传输室的驻波

主要介绍在横电磁波传输室中加入匹配膜片降低驻波的原理和方法,并以长宽高为3m×1.5m×1.5m的传输室为例,给出加入匹配膜片前后测量结果的比较。在180MHz工作频率范围内,最大驻波由1.198降低到1.088。由低驻波的横电磁波传输室组成的测试系统只用一个单定向耦合器和一台功率计即可精确计算出高频场强值。     

弹性欧拉梁大变形分析的椭圆积分统一形式

一端固支、一端受集中载荷的欧拉梁受载问题是一种基础的力学模型,具有重要的理论研究意义。针对传统的线性求解方法在大变形分析中不适用及无法计算中心定向受压杆在载荷系数超过临界值后屈曲变形的问题,提出一种非线性精确解来进行受集中载荷梁的大变形计算方法。通过椭圆积分形式来推导受集中载荷梁的变形表达,考虑在固支梁自由端加载任意角度下的定向载荷及随动载荷,给出形式统一的梁大变形方程,求解一定载荷因子系数及载荷方位角组合下的变形结果;同时利用此形式对定向受压杆的平衡分支解问题进行了分析。所提方法计算结果准确,可以应用于弹性欧拉梁受定向及随动载荷的大变形分析。      

由定向耦合器级联组成的宽带六端口电路

本文分析了一种由定向耦合器组成的六端口反射计电路,导出了它的数学模型,设计了频率范围在100MHz—1000MHz的集成六端口电路,并将幅度检测器与其制作在一块基片上面。这种六端口电路频带宽,容易实现,成本低。实验结果表明,其测量准确度能满足一般工程测量需要。     

一种基于单定向耦合器比较法的8 mm小功率校准系统

介绍了一种基于单定向耦合器比较法组建的8mm小功率校准系统,讨论了校准原理、系统组成、校准不确定度,通过分析和实验证明系统作为8mm小功率座的校准是可行的.     

扇面波导斜缝特性的矩量法分析

根据缝隙口面切向场的连续条件,采用解析数值法--矩量法,对扇面波导宽壁上窄的斜缝进行了计算,解得了磁流系数及其分布,并得到散射场、等效散射参量及等效阻抗等重要参数.假定波导中仅有TE-11主模传输,在X波段计算了散射参量和归一化等效串联阻抗,给出计算结果,为缝隙天线和缝隙阵列设计提供了依据.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。