飞行模拟器电动操纵负荷系统多余力抑制研究

飞行模拟器操纵负荷系统是一种被动式力伺服系统,其多余力的抑制是提高操纵负荷系统力跟踪精度的关键。以研制的飞行模拟器电动操纵负荷系统原理样机为平台,对系统的工作原理和结构进行介绍,通过系统建模,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中仿真,对经典的前馈补偿和PID复合控制方法的多余力抑制效果进行仿真分析,并在原理样机上进行试验测试。试验结果验证了复合控制策略有效地抑制了多余力,提高了系统的跟踪精度。     

数控机床切削力负载模拟器的显式力控制算法设计

为了对数控机床进行可靠性试验,设计了一种基于3P-(4S)并联机构的负载模拟器。基于PI反馈控制的显式力控制算法,并引入了模糊控制器,提高系统对不同加载误差的适应性。在控制系统中引入了力前馈控制器,提高控制系统的动态性能,减少实际加载力的滞后。同时,由于加载目标即机床主轴的进给运动轨迹未知,因此引入了主轴位置预测前馈以进行运动补偿,减少主轴运动所带来的干扰。最后设计并实施了静态与动态负载模拟试验,验证了所提控制算法的有效性。     

电液伺服加载的神经网络内部反馈控制

 针对电液伺服加载系统多余力问题,提出了一种反馈加载系统内部力差信号减少多余力的控制方法。为了消除液压非线性及参数变化等影响,进一步提出基于神经网络内部参考模型调节方法。该参考模型为无舵机扰动时的液压油缸负载压力方程,在加载过程中,将油缸的负载压力与参考模型输出比较,利用神经网络自适应调节能力,消除加载中舵机运动的速度和加速度干扰,同时也克服液压系统非线性,时变参数和扰动的影响,该方法有较好的适用性。     

基于改进的速度同步控制的电液负载模拟器

对地面半实物加载仿真实验中存在的"多余力"问题进行分析和研究。首先建立了电液加载系统的数学模型,提出"多余力干扰系数"的概念,并给出定义方法。利用多余力干扰系数对多余力"成分"进行定量分析,理论分析传统"速度同步控制"抑制多余力的机理以及存在的问题,并提出了改进方法。在传统"速度同步控制"的基础上,提出利用舵机和加载系统的速度差对"多余力"进行二次抑制。实验结果验证了改进方案的有效性。基于改进方法,电液负载模拟器取得了理想的动态加载效果,"多余力"抑制能力较传统的"速度同步控制"方法提高了25%以上。     

差动缸液压伺服系统的研究

 差动缸液压伺服系统往复运动是非对称的。本文为了补偿非对称提出了压力非线性补偿方案,不仅消除了活塞面积不对称的影响,而且消除了负载力变化的影响以及流量与输入信号的非线性影响。本文第二部分内容讨论了差动缸液压伺服系统的传递函数及简化方法,并分析了面积比等参数对系统特性的影响。     

基于速度同步控制的电液负载模拟器

通过理论与试验相结合的方法建立了电液力伺服控制系统的精确非线性数学模型 ,从理论上对采用传统的结构不变性原理来消除多余力的方案进行了分析 ,找出了其效果有一定局限性的机理 ,说明电液力伺服系统的非线性和频率特性对电液负载模拟器的性能有较大的影响 ,进而提出了利用舵机伺服阀的控制信号进行速度同步控制、抑制多余力矩的新方案 ,消除了系统滞后的影响 ,另外 ,由于舵机与加载马达数学模型的相似性 ,对非线性起到了一定的补偿作用。仿真和试验结果证明该方案在系统的动态品质、鲁棒性和消扰能力等方面具有相当好的效果。     

基于双回路控制的电动负载模拟器研究

电动舵机负载模拟器可在实验条件下模拟飞行器飞行过程中舵机受到的空气动力铰链力矩,是半实物仿真的重要设备。在介绍电动负载模拟器研究进展并指出目前伺服系统研究所面临的难题的基础上,以改善系统动态频响为目标,设计基于双回路电机的加载方案并建立双回路系统的数学模型;通过系统仿真,分析系统输出力矩对指令力矩的跟踪能力,验证数学模型的准确性。结果表明:双回路方案有效地抑制了系统多余力,其工作频带在舵机扰动的情况下仍可达35 Hz,为电动负载模拟器提供了一种频带更高、匹配性更好的实现方案。     

电液负载模拟器多余力抑制技术研究

针对电液负载模拟器上多余力的问题,通过建立数学模型,分析影响多余力的因素,从而提出了抑制多余力的措施,并完成了仿真和实验。结果表明该方法在一定条件下可以对多余力进行抑制。     

基于神经网络的电动加载系统

 针对电动加载系统中多余力矩的干扰 ,提出了基于RBF(径向基函数 )神经网络的新型复合控制策略 ,与传统的BP神经网络相比 ,没有局部最小问题。由于系统非线性和时变性 ,特别在多余力干扰下传统控制方法如PID很难得到满意的控制效果。提出的复合控制方法主要由神经网络PID和前馈补偿器组成 ,通过仿真与试验 ,控制器有效的减少了多余力矩对系统的影响 ,改善了加载系统的动态性能。     

航空机电作动器神经网络快速终端滑模控制

目前机电作动器由于具有干净、维护方便等优点,越来越受到航空业的青睐。航空机电作动器的特点是控制精度、稳定性和响应速度要求高,针对以上特点,提出了一种基于多层神经网络的快速终端滑模控制策略。为了提高航空作动器响应速度和跟踪精度,设计了快速终端滑模控制策略,不仅可以加快系统响应而且可以在无扰动情况下实现系统的有限时间稳定。针对系统参数不确定性和外部扰动,设计多层神经网络进行估计并通过前馈方法加以补偿。针对神经网络的重构误差,设计了非线性鲁棒项加以克服。利用李亚普洛夫稳定性定理证明了控制系统在有扰动情况下可以实现有界稳定。实验结果表明：所设计的控制器具有良好的参数自适应和抗干扰能力,同时具有更高的跟踪精度和更快的响应速度。     

Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Compound Control for Hydraulic Flight Motion Simulator

The design of a compound control is presented for the servo system of hydraulic flight motion simulator, which suffers from highly nonlinear dynamics, large parameter time-variation and severe load coupling among channels. The compound control is composed of a robust feedback controller and a feedforward compensator. The design aim is to achieve high tracking performance even in the presence of considerable uncertainty, external disturbance and load coupling among channels. Toward this aim the feedback controller for rejecting perturbation and disturbance is designed by using μ synthesis optimization technique and the feedforward compensator for compensating time lag of dynamic system is established based on the basic idea of zero phase error tracking. To validate the proposed control strategy, simulations and experiments are implemented, and show that the resulting system is highly robust against model perturbation and possesses excellent capability of suppressing the load coupling and improving the tracking performance.     

空间对接动力学试验台控制与精度考核简

空间对接动力学试验台,采用半物理仿真方法模拟两个航天器对接的动力学过程,但试验台仿真周期和模拟器响应滞后会造成试验台仿真精度失真和不稳定,为此提出了基于对接撞击力辨识补偿的控制算法.建立从油缸伸长量到撞击力之间的映射关系,并通过实时辨识来拟合撞击力偏差进行补偿.依据空间对接动力学原理设计试验台精度考核试验,精度考核仿真及试验结果表明,该控制算法有效提高试验台仿真精度和对接过程稳定性.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

Adaptive Sliding Control of Six-DOF Flight Simulator Motion Platform

本文使用Newton-Euler法推导了六自由度飞行模拟器运动平台完整的线性化形式的动力学方程,并以此为基础,提出了一种在任务空间中的非线性自适应滑模控制方法。这种控制方法将系统中的不确定性分为定常不确定参数和时变不确定参数,利用非线性自适应控制对定常不确定参数进行辨识,同时结合滑模控制对时变不确定参数和外部扰动进行补偿。通过数值仿真分析表明,该控制策略能准确识别运动平台的载荷、惯量、重心等参数,同时又能有效地提高系统的鲁棒性能。     

高精度液压仿真转台鲁棒控制

 针对液压仿真转台具有时变不确定性、复杂外干扰等特点和高精度控制性能要求,提出了一种鲁棒复合控制结构,该结构由鲁棒内回路补偿器、外回路反馈控制器和输入信号前馈补偿器三部分组成。其中,鲁棒内回路补偿器用来抑制外干扰和时变不确定性的影响,外回路反馈控制器的作用是保证闭环系统的整体性能,输入信号前馈补偿器实现对系统动态时滞的补偿,以保证对参考信号的精确跟踪。以某型液压仿真转台内环为例,首先根据所提出控制策略的基本思想,给出了控制系统的具体设计过程,然后,进行了阶跃响应、低速跟踪和正弦响应试验。试验结果表明,所提出的鲁棒控制策略是有效的和可行的。