一种前后缘连续变弯度翼型气动特性分析

提出了一种基于厚度不变的翼型前后缘连续偏转变形规律,并以NACA0015翼型为例,实现了翼型变弯度的参数化。以柔性伸缩蒙皮支撑结构和机械结构实现了可连续光滑偏转后缘的变弯度翼型,验证了变形规律。以前后缘偏转角度为参数,计算并分析了各个变形状态下翼型扰流流场和气动特性,讨论了变形参数对气动特性的影响,研究了气动特性的产生机理。研究结果表明:在大迎角下,前缘偏转角对翼型失速有一定的抑制作用;在中小迎角范围内,翼型升阻比随着后缘偏转角的增大而增大,且不论迎角如何变化,总可以通过前后缘偏转来获得较高的升阻比。     

等离子体激励用于两段翼型增升的试验研究

在NACA23018两段翼型上安装等离子体激励器,通过风洞测力和丝线流态试验,研究了等离子体对翼型最大升力和失速迎角的影响。研究表明,等离子体激励可以显著地增加NACA23018两段翼型的最大升力系数和失速迎角,来流风速20m/s时,最大升力系数增加52%,失速迎角增加12.4°。等离子体激励和前缘缝翼的作用类似,并且可以和后缘增升装置配合使用,在运输类飞机设计中有潜在的应用前景。     

除冰气囊以及简化模型对气动特性影响研究

除冰气囊作为涡桨类飞机常用的除冰系统,评估其对全机气动特性的影响对飞行性能与安全有重要意义。基于某飞机上安装的气囊除冰系统,采用CFD 方法模拟其工作时的全机气动特性,研究气囊简化模型对计算结果的影响。结果表明：随气囊膨胀高度增加,对全机气动特性影响显著,失速迎角提前约10°,最大升力系数损失近60%,最大升阻比降低约2.9;受膨胀气囊外形影响,机翼前缘呈展向流动特征,后缘流动分离区域长度与除冰气囊的安装长度相当;机翼前缘压力分布受膨胀气囊外形的影响出现震荡,从而影响整个翼面的压力分布;随简化气囊膨胀高度增加,失速迎角最大提前约1°,最大升力系数损失约21%,最大升阻比降低约2.2。     

大型客机柔性后缘增升装置气动机构一体化优化设计

增升装置的设计对于大型客机来说是十分重要的,柔性可变弯的增升装置是未来大型客机的发展趋势,也是当前的研究热点。以某大型宽体客机内段翼型为研究对象,在襟翼内部的柔性变弯机构的带动下,可以使襟翼的后50%部分实现柔性变弯。在原始刚性襟翼的基础上,柔性变弯后的襟翼可使襟翼后缘增加8°的偏角。之后在三维后缘铰链襟翼机构的带动下,同时襟翼内部使用柔性变弯机构,采用"前缘下垂+后缘襟翼柔性变弯+后缘简单铰链襟翼联合扰流板下偏",进行起飞和着陆构型的二维气动/机构一体化优化设计,优化出来的结果与原始不柔性变弯的翼型相比,起飞构型的最大升力系数的增加量为0.119,着陆构型的最大升力系数的增加量为0.162,且着陆最优构型推迟1°迎角失速。     

前缘参数对翼型气动-隐身特性敏感性分析

针对翼面部件对隐身飞机气动和隐身性能影响更为突出的问题,提出了一种翼型前缘参数化修形方法,采用高精度气动和电磁数值计算方法,进行了前缘形状对翼型气动-隐身特性的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:翼型前缘半径增加,其最大升力系数、失速迎角、最大升阻比显著增加,但其前向RCS均值也增加明显,设计时需进行综合权衡;在不影响结构和装载的情况下,下表面偏角尽量小,修形长度取0.15c,对翼型的低、高速气动和隐身特性都有利。     

等离子体合成射流改善翼型气动性能实验研究

等离子体合成射流(PSJ)是一种新型主动流动控制激励器,目前研究大多集中于激励特性,对于流动控制的应用研究还明显不足。为了深入探究PSJ翼型流动分离的控制能力与规律,以高升力翼型为载体,在翼型前缘施加等离子体合成射流激励(PSJA),研究激励器对升力特性的影响。结果表明:在翼型前缘施加PSJA,可以有效抑制流动分离;近失速迎角状态下,各个激励频率下都能产生良好的控制效果;过失速迎角状态下,低频效果最好,随激励电压增加,有效频率范围变宽;激励效果随来流速度增加而减弱,当来流速度20m/s时,翼型的失速迎角提高5°,最大升力系数提高8.1%;当来流速度为40m/s时,失速迎角提高3°,最大升力系数提高4.5%。     

平面形状对MAV气动特性的影响

通过风洞测力实验研究了平面形状(后掠角)对展长/根弦长之比为1.0的机翼的气动特性的影响,实验结果表明,模型后掠角在很大程度上影响小展弦比机翼的气动特性,当模型后掠角Λ≤35°时,能增大模型的最大升力系数和失速迎角,推迟失速;当模型后掠角Λ=56°~64°时,能得到较好的升力曲线,改善机翼的失速特性。此外,实验结果表明模型前缘背风面倒角与迎风面倒角相比,有效地提高了模型的最大升阻比和失速后的升力系数。     

扇翼飞行器翼型附面层控制数值模拟

基于扇翼飞行器翼型特殊的几何形状及流场特性,在原有翼型的弧形槽下方和后缘加装控制阀门,通过调节阀门开启及开启尺寸的大小,利用弧形槽低压涡所产生的吸力对翼型后缘的附面层进行一定的控制,达到增升减阻的效果。通过采用计算流体力学的方法对其机理及阀门开启尺寸的影响进行了详细计算和分析,研究表明当阀门开启的尺寸为10 mm时,修改翼型的最大升力系数、失速迎角及相同迎角下的升力系数和推力系数均大于基本翼型;随着阀门开启尺寸的增大,修改翼型的最大升力系数和失速迎角均减小,但是在失速前,修改翼型在相同迎角下的升力系数大于基本翼型。此方法可以改变先前通过增大横流风扇的转速来提高其气动性能的做法,减小了能量的消耗,增大了整个飞行器的航程,为扇翼飞行器能够早日投入实际运用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

后缘连续变弯度对跨声速翼型气动特性的影响

针对后缘连续变弯度对跨声速翼型气动特性的影响进行了研究。首先不考虑翼型后缘连续变弯度,基于搭建的优化设计系统对跨声速翼型进行气动减阻优化设计,通过添加不同的约束优化得到两种跨声速翼型:无激波翼型和超临界翼型。然后在这两种翼型的基础上,以后缘偏转角度为设计变量、以阻力系数最小为目标,针对不同的升力系数分别进行优化设计,并根据优化结果深入分析后缘连续变弯度对这两种翼型极曲线特性的影响机理。优化结果表明:无激波翼型与超临界翼型相比,其设计点处的气动特性较好,但鲁棒性较差;升力系数小于设计升力系数时,应用后缘连续变弯度后,无激波翼型的极曲线特性明显提高,减阻最高达到3.9%,而超临界翼型的极曲线特性提高不明显;升力系数大于设计升力系数时,应用后缘连续变弯度后,无激波翼型和超临界翼型的极曲线特性都明显提高,减阻分别达到2.4%~18.1%和1.7%~13.2%。     

飞机着陆过程中提高气动性能的一种新方法

为了提高飞机在着陆过程中的气动性能,提出了一种新方法:将翼型上翼面的一段表面设计为活动部分。当飞机进入着陆阶段的较大迎角时,通过活动部分在上翼面形成一个台阶产生稳定的驻涡,再联合Gurney襟翼,达到同时提高翼型的升力、失速迎角及增加翼型阻力的目的。在NACA2415翼型上对上述方法进行了验证。结果表明,翼型最大升力系数从原始翼型的1.548 232提高到2.160 687,最大升力系数所对应的迎角可以从原始翼型的17°提高到20°。可见,所提出的新方法对提高飞机的着陆性能是有效的。     

Aerodynamic optimization and mechanism design of flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap

Trailing-edge flap is traditionally used to improve the takeoff and landing aerodynamic performance of aircraft.In order to improve flight efficiency during takeoff,cruise and landing states,the flexible variable camber trailing-edge flap is introduced,capable of changing its shape smoothly from 50% flap chord to the rear of the flap.Using a numerical simulation method for the case of the GA(W)-2 airfoil,the multi-objective optimization of the overlap,gap,deflection angle,and bending angle of the flap under takeoff and landing configurations is studied.The optimization results show that under takeoff configuration,the variable camber trailing-edge flap can increase lift coefficient by about 8% and lift-to-drag ratio by about 7% compared with the traditional flap at a takeoff angle of 8°.Under landing configuration,the flap can improve the lift coefficient at a stall angle of attack about 1.3%.Under cruise state,the flap helps to improve the lift-todrag ratio over a wide range of lift coefficients,and the maximum increment is about 30%.Finally,a corrugated structure–eccentric beam combination bending mechanism is introduced in this paper to bend the flap by rotating the eccentric beam.     

仿生正弦前缘对翼面动态失速的影响

动态失速导致叶片气动载荷急剧变化，造成振动载荷激增，桨叶寿命大幅衰减。针对动态失速问题，从座头鲸胸鳍在动态倾转下取得良好的流动特性获得启示，据此模化出仿生正弦前缘翼面（包含3种波峰和2种波长），旨在实现动态失速控制。借助三维非定常数值模拟方法，采用运动网格技术，基于SC1095旋翼翼型，研究了仿生前缘动态失速流动控制机理及运动参数和来流速度的影响。结果表明：正弦前缘大幅度降低俯仰力矩系数峰值和阻力系数峰值；前缘波峰越大、波长越小，阻力系数峰值与俯仰力矩系数峰值的抑制效果越明显，虽然升力系数峰值减小，但其减小量远小于前两者，例如其中一种仿生翼使俯仰力矩系数峰值减小了47.7%，阻力系数峰值减小了36.4%，升力系数峰值减小14.1%；在最大迎角附近，正弦前缘能够缓和失速特性，使载荷变化更为平缓；在高平均迎角、低俯仰频率、低马赫数下，仿生翼动态失速控制效果更强，相比较而言迎角振幅的影响较小。     

应用协同射流原理的旋翼翼型增升减阻试验研究

协同射流技术作为一种新型主动流动控制技术,是突破旋翼翼型高增升减阻设计的最有潜力的发展方向之一。以 OA312 旋翼翼型作为基准翼型,研制微型涵道风扇组为驱动的旋翼翼型 CFJ 风洞测力模型,开展基于前缘高负压零质量内循环协同射流原理的旋翼翼型高增升减阻低速风洞试验,研究吹气口大小、吸气口大小和上翼面下沉量等基础参数对增升减阻的影响规律,探讨 CFJ 旋翼翼型关键参数最佳取值。结果表明：与OA312 基准翼型相比,小攻角状态时,CFJ 旋翼翼型可显著降低阻力系数,甚至出现“负阻力”现象,实现了零升俯仰力矩基本不变;大攻角状态时,CFJ 旋翼翼型可显著提升最大升力系数和失速迎角,其中,最大升力系数可提升约 67.5%,失速迎角推迟了近 14.8°。     

Experimental study of ice accretion effects on aerodynamic performance of an NACA 23012 airfoil

In this paper,the effects of icing on an NACA 23012 airfoil have been studied.Experiments were applied on the clean airfoil,runback ice,horn ice,and spanwise ridge ice at a Reynolds number of 0.6 106 over angles of attack from 8° to 20°,and then results are compared.Generally,it is found that ice accretion on the airfoil can contribute to formation of a flow separation bubble on the upper surface downstream from the leading edge.In addition,it is made clear that spanwise ridge ice provides the greatest negative effect on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil.In this case,the stall angle drops about 10° and the maximum lift coefficient reduces about50% which is hazardous for an airplane.While horn ice leads to a stall angle drop of about 4° and a maximum lift coefficient reduction to 21%,runback ice has the least effect on the flow pattern around the airfoil and the aerodynamic coefficients so as the stall angle decreases 2° and the maximum lift reduces about 8%.     

钝前缘三角翼无人机气动特性研究

三角翼布局因其优良的气动特性在军用飞机和无人机上获得了广泛应用.为了研究钝前缘三角翼无人机的气动特性,首先采用求解雷诺平均N-S方程的方法对NASA钝前缘三角翼标模进行对比计算,以验证计算方法的可靠度;然后对无人机四个升降舵偏角的气动力和流场特性进行分析研究.结果表明:三角翼无人机在升力系数较小时具有较高的升阻比,当迎角小于1 5°时,钝前缘三角翼前缘气流附体、吸力较高,翼面的横向流动不明显,使飞机的升阻比提高;当迎角大于15°后,涡流特征起主导作用,使得飞机在直到40°迎角范围内没有出现大面积气流分离,具有良好的俯仰稳定性,升降舵效率较高.钝前缘三角翼气动布局在翼展受限、翼载较小的条件下具有一定的气动特性优势.     

Aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wing with flexible leading-edge

The morphing wing can improve the flight performance during different phases. However, research has been subject to limitations in aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible leading-edge. The computational fluid dynamic method and dynamic mesh were used to simulate the continuous morphing of the flexible leading-edge. After comparing the steady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing and conventional wings, this study examined the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wings with upward and downward deflections of the leading-edge at different frequencies. The numerical results show that for the steady aerodynamic, the leading-edge deflection mainly affects the stall characteristic. The downward deflection of the leading-edge increases the stall angle of attack and nose-down pitching moment. The results are opposite for the upward deflection. For the unsteady aerodynamic, at a small angle of attack, the transient lift coefficient of the upward deflection, growing with the increase of deflection frequency, is larger than that of the static case. The transient lift coefficient of the downward deflection, decreasing with the increase of deflection frequency, is smaller than that of the static case. However, at a large angle of attack, an opposite effect of deflection frequency on the transient lift coefficient was demonstrated. The transient lift coefficient is larger than that of the static case when the leading edge is in the nose-up stage, and lower than that of the static one in the nose-down stage.     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of co-flow jet airfoil with simple high-lift device

The present study performed a numerical investigation to explore the performance enhancement of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil with simple high-lift device configuration, with a specific goal to examine the feasibility and capability of the proposed configuration for low-speed take-off and landing. Computations have been accomplished by an in-house-programmed Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver enclosed by k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model. Three crucial geometric parameters, viz., injection slot location, suction slot location and its angle were selected for the sake of revealing their effects on aerodynamic lift, drag, power consumption and equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Results show that using simple high-lift devices on CFJ airfoil can significantly augment the aerodynamic associated lift and efficiency which evidences the feasibility of CFJ for short take-off and landing with small angle of attack. The injection and suction slot locations are more influential with respect to the aerodynamic performance of CFJ airfoil compared with the suction slot angle. The injection location is preferable to be located in the downstream of the pressure suction peak on leading edge to reduce the power expenditure of the pumping system for a relative higher equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Another concluded criterion is that the suction slot should be oriented on the trailing edge flap for achieving more aerodynamic gain, meanwhile, carefully selecting this location is crucial in determining the aerodynamic enhancement of CFJ airfoil with deflected flaps.