大转角涡轮叶栅复合弯曲定性分析与应用验证

通过定性推导分析了复合弯曲对叶栅吸力面静压分布与端部周向迁移流体折转过程的影响,明确了复合弯曲对大转角高负荷平面涡轮叶栅流场的影响机制,并结合已有仿真结果进行了初步验证。复合弯曲是在反弯叶片吸力面端部进行局部正弯,令叶片压力面反弯、吸力面端部正弯结合叶身反弯的造型方式。研究表明,复合弯曲设计通过改变吸力面低能流体的展向迁移趋势与周向迁移流体的折转趋势抑制了叶栅二次流的发展。一方面,复合弯曲设计调节了叶展中部与叶栅端部附近吸力面逆压梯度与展向静压梯度分布,抑制了吸力面低能流体向脱落涡与壁角涡高损失区的迁移与堆积;另一方面,复合弯曲设计影响了周向迁移流体折转过程,抑制了周向迁移流体向叶栅端部的折转及其折转过程中与吸力面附近流体的掺混。因此,复合弯曲设计能够在常规反弯基础上进一步改善叶栅流场。      

大转角正弯扩压叶栅流场性能实验与数值研究

实验对不同冲角下三种叶型折转角环形压气机直、弯叶栅进、出口流场进行了详细的测量,并利用实验结果对数值模拟结果进行了校核,得到了详细的直、弯叶栅流道内的计算结果。结果表明,大折转角叶栅流道内旋涡由多涡结构向单一涡结构转变的趋势明显,叶片正弯使得流道内近吸力面的涡系径向掺混作用加强;叶展中部流动分离的加重导致集中涡系破裂,从而引起流道内气流的严重堵塞,这是损失激增的主要原因,因此,要在高负荷压气机叶栅中应用正弯叶片,必须有效抑制中部流动的恶化。     

叶尖泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离相互作用实验研究

为了进一步揭示叶顶泄漏与压气机叶栅三维角区分离流动的相互作用机制,采用五孔气动探针测量了叶栅出口截面气动参数,并对机匣端壁静压进行了测量,详细分析了不同间隙尺寸及来流角度时压气机叶栅间隙流对角区三维分离流动的影响机理.研究结果表明,适当大小叶顶间隙引入的泄漏流阻止了端壁二次流动与叶片吸力面附面层之间的相互作用,移除了三维角区分离,改善了叶栅性能.随着叶顶间隙尺寸及叶栅内气流折转程度的增加,叶顶泄漏涡与上通道涡间的相互作用程度逐渐增强.     

高负荷叶片弯曲对壁面流动的影响

测量了低展弦比高负荷涡轮直叶片和正、反弯叶片叶栅端壁和叶片表面静压及流道内损失沿流向的发展, 并对端壁和叶片吸力面上的流动进行了墨迹显示。实验结果表明:叶片正弯增大了叶栅进口段逆压梯度, 并在叶片吸力面前部形成反“C”型静压等值线, 加剧了叶片前缘的鞍点分离和吸力面分离线向叶栅中部的收敛。叶片反弯减小了叶栅进口段逆压梯度, 在吸力面进口形成垂直于端壁的静压等值线, 不仅削弱了鞍点分离, 而且造成吸力面上的自由涡层型分离, 避免了吸力面上、下分离线相交, 因此二次旋涡损失大为降低。      

端壁抽吸位置对大转角扩压叶栅流场及负荷的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁近吸力面处进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.对叶栅出口截面参数和叶片型面静压进行了测量,并在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示.结果表明,端壁抽吸主要影响了吸力面/端壁角区,重新分配叶片根部负荷.在角区未发生分离的位置开始抽吸可有效推迟叶栅内的角区分离,降低损失,改善叶栅端区流动;而在角区已经发生分离的弦向位置开槽吸气则引起了局部回流,恶化了流场,增加了低能流体的掺混和气动损失.     

直孔射流对压气机叶栅流场影响的实验研究

为了探究直孔射流对压气机叶栅的影响,通过实验方法,结合流场显示技术和流场测试技术,对无控叶栅和直孔射流方案下的压气机平面叶栅在正攻角下的流场结构和气动性能进行了分析。结果表明:无控叶栅中吸力面存在三个螺旋点,而不同射流方案下螺旋点的数量和位置变化明显;无控叶栅端壁存在一个从吸力面起始的分离区,布置射流孔后,在射流孔前发展出马蹄涡,马蹄涡的两个分支的发展情况及其对流场影响随着不同射流方案呈现出不同的特点;射流孔的位置对控制效果有明显的影响,最佳方案减小了3.2%的总压损失,增大了1.86%的通流流量;在最佳方案下,吸力面螺旋点数量减少到了1个,端壁没有明显的尾迹出现,出口处高损失区的欠偏转和端区的过偏转均有所减弱。     

低速条件下稠度对扩压静叶栅弯叶片流场性能的影响

为研究弯叶片在扩压叶栅中改善流场性能的适用条件，对一直列叶栅三种稠度条件下的弯叶片流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明，稠度大小对弯叶片的作用影响较大，在一定范围内稠度越大弯叶片改善叶栅性能的作用越明显。大稠度下弯叶片明显提高了叶栅吸力面角区的通流能力及减小了端区的能量损失。分析表明，大稠度叶栅近端壁低能流体区较大而导致的端壁及吸力面角区性能恶化，是弯叶片能够发挥作用的重要原因。     

涡轮叶栅端壁区流动的实验研究

本文在大尺寸低速开式叶栅传热风洞中对一种高压涡轮导向叶栅中的流场进行了实验研究。采用五孔针对5个雷诺数下的叶栅端壁区三维流场进行了测量,并用线簇和小球浮动法对5个工况的流动进行了流场显示。实验结果表明:马蹄涡压力面分支在向吸力面运动的过程中,破坏了来流附面层的结构,在马蹄涡压力面分支之后,叶栅通道中产生了一个新的从压力面到吸力面的新附面层,新附面层的厚度小于来流附面层厚度;三维流动区约占叶栅通道的40%;雷诺数的增大将增强端壁区的三维流动。从流场显示图片可以观测叶片吸力面靠近端壁的角涡形成与发展,以及吸力面上的三角形区域;流场显示的通道涡大小与流场测量结果吻合。本文的实验结果有助于分析端壁表面和叶片表面换热特性的形成机理。      

压气机叶栅二次流实验与理论分析

 本文给出了压气机叶栅出口截面的损失分布和气流角沿叶高的变化。叶栅二次涡和端壁吸力面角区分离引起流面翘曲和扭转,角区分离形成损失核心。二次流理论计算叶栅出气角沿叶高变化与实验相近。     

端壁吸/吹气对超声速压气机叶栅流场影响机理的对比研究

附面层吸/吹气是抑制流动分离、提高压气机叶片负荷的有效技术途径。针对超声速压气机叶栅内激波诱导的角区分离,分别采用多种不同的端壁吸/吹气方案对其进行流动控制,旨在探索端壁吸/吹气对激波干涉下角区分离的控制机理,并对比分析端壁吸/吹气对超声速压气机叶栅角区分离的控制效果。结果表明:在激波/端壁附面层干涉下,该超声速压气机叶栅内存在大范围的激波诱导角区分离,角区分离使得该超声速叶栅存在强三维效应,二维叶栅中的单正激波变为"斜激波+正激波"结构,叶中吸力面尾缘开式分离变为闭式分离;端壁吸气可有效抑制该超声速叶栅的角区分离,吸气后近端壁区损失系数大幅降低,最优端壁吸气缝方案的起始点与亚声速压气机叶栅相同,但端壁吸气后叶中的双激波结构变为单正激波结构,叶中流动分离增大;端壁吹气也可有效抑制角区分离,其控制效果略优于端壁吸气,其原因是吹气缝处的静压高于吸气缝,对激波的增强作用弱于端壁吸气;与端壁吸气方案不同的是,最优端壁吹气缝方案的起始点位于叶片前缘。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.