单片机控制无刷直流电动机速度伺服系统

介绍了一种稀土永磁无刷直流方波电动机速度伺服系统，该系统以８０９８单片机为核心，外加ＧＡＬ芯片构成控制器，主回路开关器件采用ＩＧＢＴ，用ＥＸＢ８４０驱动，组成功率变换电路，实现了ＰＷＭ波单极半调制方式的电机伺服控制。     

一种高性能控制力矩陀螺框架控制方法的仿真研究

由控制力矩陀螺群构成的姿态控制系统是目前敏捷卫星实现姿态快速机动和精确控制的最佳选择,而低速框架的控制精度、响应速度与稳定性直接决定了控制力矩陀螺的工作性能.针对敏捷卫星对控制力矩陀螺工作性能的高要求,本文提出了一种框架的高性能控制方案——基于永磁同步电机及磁场定向控制算法,并结合框架角速度观测器的直接驱动控制方案.在框架角速度极低时,为解决角度传感器的分辨率无法满足控制精度要求的问题,引入Luenberger状态观测器获得框架角速度的观测值,并将该观测值引入框架角速度闭环控制系统.理论分析、仿真实验的结果证明了该方案的有效性.随后,针对电机参数漂移对观测值的影响进行了仿真分析,仿真结果证明了基于观测器的角速度闭环控制系统的鲁棒性.     

基于FPGA的柔性机械臂多路无刷直流电机控制系统设计

针对柔性机械臂一般为超冗余机械臂,需要多个无刷直流电机驱动各个关节的运动,传统的数字信号处理（DSP）芯片、单片机用户接口有限,无法同时驱动十几个无刷直流电机运动,并且采用传统的PID算法控制精度较低,不适应于高精度柔性负载的控制。本文提出采用现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）芯片实现柔性机械臂多路无刷直流电机的控制,设计出改进型神经元自适应PID控制器,有效提高各关节电机的位置跟踪精度和抗柔性负载扰动能力,同时完成了规划位置的直线插补、多路电机母线电流采集、多路电机旋变位置信号采集处理。并在柔性机械臂原理样机中进行了验证,设计的驱动控制器能使得每个关节电机定位精度优于0.2°,各关节的无刷直流电机同步性、协调性良好。     

基于电压空间矢量控制的卫星天线伺服系统

系统采用电压空间矢量控制的永磁同步电机作为伺服驱动电机,永磁无刷直流电机作为动量平衡电机构成卫星天线伺服驱动系统。伺服电机采用电流、速度和位置三环控制,实现了伺服电机的超稳速和超高精度的运行。平衡电机采用电流、速度和加速度三环控制,保证了平衡电机能够快速、精确地跟踪。由于采用电压空间矢量作图法与瞬时零矢量插入法相结合的控制策略,避免了空间矢量控制中的计算过程,实现了速度调节和转矩调节(电流调节)的解耦控制。     

基于PWM_ON_PWM调制方式的控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动控制

控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动电路采用的脉宽调制方式不同,所产生的电机转矩脉动也会不同.针对无刷直流电机驱动的控制力矩陀螺框架系统,从换相期间转矩脉动、非换相期间转矩脉动及脉宽调制方式的应用改进3个方面对不同脉宽调制方式进行分析,得出采用PWM_ON_PWM方式的转矩脉动最小,适用于控制力矩陀螺框架系统的高精度控制要求.通过仿真验证了分析的正确性.     

液浮陀螺的现状和未来

在四十年代初,液浮单自由度陀螺是用于火力控制系统角速率测量的简单器件。从四十年代后期开始,由于自主惯性制导的需要,加速了液浮单自由度陀螺的发展。这使得陀螺在元件工艺和结构材料方面有了长足的进步,性能改善了,重量和体积减少了,耐环境的能力增强了。早期陀螺主要用铝合金构成。为得到良好的性能,用铍代替了不大稳定的铝合金。     

闭环光纤陀螺数字检测电路的集成化

集成化、数字化是光纤陀螺的发展趋势,也是光纤陀螺进入实用化、批生产化的关键.鉴于国内光纤陀螺的发展状况及半导体工艺水平的限制,以高速数字信号处理芯片(DSP)及大规模可编程逻辑器件为基础,对闭环光纤陀螺的数字检测电路的集成和优化进行了研究.测试结果表明:采用集成化设计的光纤陀螺检测电路在性能及可靠性上比分立元件构成的检测电路均有提高和改善.      

永磁同步电机转速滑模和电流预测组合式控制器运行性能分析

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)矢量控制系统的速度环采用PI调节器不能很好地适应电机参数变化而导致控制效果不理想的问题,在电流预测控制(CPC)增强抗干扰能力、提高鲁棒性的基础上,提出了一种滑模控制方法.该滑模与电流预测相结合的控制方法改善了永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的动态性能,实现了负载扰动时调速响应快且无超调控制,提高了...     

六相永磁同步电机驱动控制方式

多相永磁同步电机（PMSM）的驱动控制方式主要包括余度和容错两种形式,为明晰多相永磁同步电机采用两种不同驱动控制方式所带来的性能差异,基于一个六相永磁同步电机,分别建立了余度和容错两种永磁同步电机驱动控制系统。在此基础上,分析研究了余度和容错两种驱动控制方式对六相永磁同步电机系统调速范围和动态性能的影响机理及影响规律。仿真和实验结果表明:相比于余度驱动控制,六相永磁同步电机采用容错驱动控制方式时具有更宽的调速范围及更好的动态性能。      

卫星姿控用无铁心永磁无刷飞轮电机综述

取消了定子铁心的外转子永磁无刷直流飞轮电机,以其高效性、轻量化、转矩密度大、寿命长和无污染等优点被广泛应用于微小卫星姿态控制系统。依据磁场的形成原理对定子无铁心永磁无刷直流飞轮电机进行了分类,主要包括径向磁场型和轴向磁场型。阐述了不同结构拓扑下定子无铁心永磁无刷直流电机的特征和关键技术,包括定子绕组、转子和永磁体、磁悬浮轴承技术、损耗与振动等。报告了定子无铁心永磁无刷直流飞轮电机的研究进展,总结了定子无铁心永磁无刷直流飞轮电机的效率、转矩等特性,讨论了该类无铁心永磁无刷直流飞轮电机的研究方向和发展趋势。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.