双储箱液体自衰减晃动分析

航天器在轨运行过程中,液体燃料晃动是破坏航天器稳定性、威胁航天任务安全性的主要因素之一.为此,有必要对液体燃料晃动进行研究.自衰减晃动是一种常见的液体晃动.本文主要针对双并联圆柱形储箱内液体自衰减晃动动态特性进行研究,以有限体积法为计算方法,采用两相层流模型,分析了不同重力环境下,液体燃料晃动对储箱侧壁面及底面作用的晃动力、力矩和波高随时间变化的特性,进而计算出液体晃动等效力学模型的相关参数.采用解析法推导了等效力学模型参数的计算公式,将有限体积法所得仿真解与解析解进行对比分析,证明了双储箱液体晃动仿真计算的可行性,为携带多储箱充液航天器的动力学分析提供了一定的理论基础.      

带多个充液储箱航天器的耦合动力学建模方法

研究了充液航天器储箱内液体晃动与全星姿态运动的耦合动力学建模方法．分别基于单摆等效力学模型和质心面等效力学模型建立了全星姿态耦合动力学方程,并分别针对2个储箱串联布局、3个储箱并联布局的充液航天器在不同工况下的液体晃动问题进行了数值仿真研究;同时比较分析了两种储箱布局方案下液体晃动对航天器姿态运动的影响,为工程应用提供参考．     

微重状态下带有隔板的球形贮箱内液体晃功特性的研究

本文研究了微重环境下带有隔板的球形腔体内液体晃动动力学利用特征函数展开法,得到了自由振动和受迫振动解进而求出了液体振动的频率及液体晃动的等效力学模型,并给出了液体对腔壁的反力和反力矩.将数值结果和无隔板的球形贮箱内液体晃动参数作了比较,表明加隔板后有明显的防晃效果.      

挠性充液航天器超近程逼近段动力学建模与控制

超近程逼近过程中,服务航天器为刚柔液耦合的复杂系统,单摆等液体晃动模型不再适用,对这种工况下的航天器进行了动力学建模与控制的研究。采用虚功率原理推导了一种新的适用于三轴推力作用下的液体晃动等效模型,通过引入相对位置导引矢量与相对位置误差矢量,建立了相对轨道误差动力学模型,结合相对姿态动力学模型,得到超近程逼近段的刚柔液耦合的相对轨道姿态动力学模型。针对模型存在的不确定性和未知干扰,设计了基于滑模估计器的相对姿轨耦合控制律。通过数学仿真验证了控制律的有效性,仿真中的晃动结果与Flow-3D结果能够吻合,验证了晃动模型的合理性。     

液体非线性晃动试验与等效力学模型仿真

航天器的在轨机动可能导致液体燃料出现包括非线性晃动在内的复杂动力学行为。采用运动脉动球模型（MPBM）对液体非线性旋转晃动问题进行了研究,并通过开展地面试验验证了MPBM仿真结果的准确性。首先,在MPBM的建模过程中以晃动回复力的形式考虑重力的影响,具体是通过虚功原理将重力作用引入到脉动球的能量变化过程。然后,搭建地面晃动试验平台,实现了对球型贮箱晃动现象的准确观测以及对晃动力和晃动力矩的实时测量。最后,以试验实测的加速度激励和晃动力为参照,采用MPBM进行了仿真与对比,仿真结果较好地匹配了试验结果。文中对液体晃动的合理抽象进一步地提升了等效力学模型对复杂晃动行为的仿真能力,为实现航天器更为高效、准确的在轨控制提供基础。     

带有网孔隔板的球形贮箱内液体的晃动问题

本文研究了复杂结构贮箱内液体的晃动问题.采用有限元-外推方法对一些复杂结构贮箱, 特别对带有网孔隔板的球形贮箱内液体晃动特性作了详细的分析、计算和比较;在此基础上建立了充液系统的等效力学模型, 并揭示了多个自由液面晃动特性与单一的自由液面晃动的不同之处.      

航空发动机转子系统建模方法和振动特性分析

针对现代航空涡扇发动机转子系统的结构和力学特征,运用有限元法对其低压转子进行了有限元建模方法和动力特性研究.分别采用二维梁单元和三维实体单元建立转子系统的有限元模型,对其动力特性计算结果进行比较分析,在此基础上,提出了等效圆盘法进行有限元建模的等效原则.等效圆盘法将转子系统的叶片等效为刚性圆环,既能保留转子系统的结构和力学特征,又能有效地控制模型规模,将周期问题转化为轴对称问题,便于有限元程序的求解计算.计算结果表明,该方法是一种适用工程实际的有限元建模方法.     

充液挠性航天器的建模与动力学分析

借助于Kane方法建立了充液中心刚体上带有挠性附件的航天器的开链多体动力学模型.采用了混合坐标法和弹簧-质量块液体晃动等效力学模型,所得方程形式简洁.由于引入了2级附件,该模型具有更强的通用性.以跟踪与数据中继卫星为例,给出了数值仿真结果.      

大容量推进剂贮箱液体晃动性能试验

对某种内带推进剂管理装置（PMD）的大容量推进剂贮箱内液体晃动性能进行试验.开展不同充液比工况下空壳贮箱液体晃动试验,分析比较晃动试验结果与采用等效动力学模型的液体晃动理论计算结果,两者结果一致吻合,试验系统可靠性和理论模型的正确性得到良好验证.然后开展了不同充液比工况下内带PMD贮箱液体晃动试验,试验结果表明贮箱内液体晃动性能受内部PMD结构影响明显.该试验研究结果为运载火箭和卫星的姿态和轨道控制系统的设计优化提供重要参考和数据支撑.     

失重时球腔内液体晃动特性的研究

本文研究了在失重状态下球形腔体内液体的晃动问题.首先分析了静液面的形状, 并用多项式构造了一类特征函数, 进而求解了球腔内液体晃动的力学特性, 并通过数字计算得到了一些晃动参数:如晃动频率、动力系数、阻尼比等.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。