Advanced lithium ion battery charger

A lithium ion battery charger has been developed for four and eight cell batteries or multiples thereof. This charger has the advantage over those using commercial lithium ion charging chips in that the individual cells are allowed to be taper charged at their upper charging voltage rather than be cutoff when all cells of the string have reached the upper charging voltage limit. Since 30-60% of the capacity of lithium ion cells may be restored during the taper charge, this charger has a distinct benefit of fully charging lithium ion batteries by restoring all of the available capacity to all of its cells     

热障涂层在线/离线磷光温度测量技术研究进展

精确测量涡轮叶片表面热障涂层温度对航空发动机和地面燃气轮机设计和研制具有极其重要的意义。近年来,基于热像磷光材料磷光特性的热障传感涂层在线测温技术与热历史磷光涂层离线测温技术得到了迅猛发展。前者通过在线测量高温下磷光信号来获取实时温度信息,后者通过离线测量经高温服役后的磷光材料不可逆磷光信号变化来获取服役温度信息。这两项技术都适用于高温、高腐蚀环境下热障涂层非干涉、非接触式和高精度温度测量,具有广阔的应用前景。从热障涂层在线/离线测温原理与方法、磷光材料与制备及应用3个方面详细介绍了热障涂层在线/离线测温技术的研究现状与技术特点,并对这两种技术的发展进行了展望。     

一种获得高温声疲劳S──N曲线的新方法

高温声疲劳试验应在行波管上加加温装置来完成,但这种方法费时、耗资大。基于疲劳等效原理,提出在振动台上加加温装置来得到高温声疲劳S-N曲线的一种新方法,其中涉及如下几个方面的问题：试件设计;声学环境模拟;温度场模拟;反射板设计;温度控制及应力、温度测量等等。用上述方法给出了GH140材料的S-N曲线,证明了本方法是简单可行的。     

Lightweight structure of a phase-change thermal controller based on lattice cells manufactured by SLM

Thermal controllers equipped with phase-change materials are widely used for maintaining the moderate temperatures of various electric devices used in spacecraft. Yet, the structures of amounts of thermal controllers add up to such a large value that restricts the employment of scientific devices due to the limit of rocket capacity. A lightweight structure of phase-change thermal controllers has been one of the main focuses of spacecraft design engineering. In this work, we design a lightweight phase-change thermal controller structure based on lattice cells. The structure is manufactured entirely with AlSi10 Mg by direct metal laser melting. The dimensions of the structure are 230 mm × 170 mm × 15 mm, and the mass is 190 g, which is 60% lighter than most traditional structures(500–600 g) with the same dimensions. The 3 D-printed structure can reduce the risk of leakage at soldering manufacture by a welding process. Whether the strength of the designed structure is sufficient is determined through mechanical analysis and experiments. Thermal test results show that the thermal capacity of the lattice-based thermal controller is increased by50% compared to that of traditional controllers with the same volume.     

永磁驱动重构型车载充电机三相DC/DC变流器的研究

提出了一种新型永磁驱动重构型车载充电机三相DC/DC变流器集成系统。该集成系统将永磁驱动的电机绕组和DC/AC逆变器重构成车载充电机实现电动汽车驱动-充电的集成,具有空间利用率高、充电快速和可靠性高等特点。分析了集成系统的结构和工作原理,推导了充电系统的三相DC/DC变换器数学模型。在此基础上,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建了驱动-充电集成系统仿真模型,对同步脉宽调制(PWM)控制和交错PWM控制策略进行仿真研究,分析对比了交流侧电压电流、直流侧电机绕组电感电流和直流侧电压波形。仿真结果表明,与交错PWM控制策略相比,同步PWM控制策略下该新型结构充电系统具有更好的运行性能。     

民用飞机个人通风送风温度对人体舒适性的影响

通过对某真实客机座舱进行建模，使用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法计算出不同个人通风送风温度下座舱内的温度场和流场分布。然后提取乘客头部区域温度与试验结果进行对比，验证模拟的可信度。最后结合基于人体平均皮肤温度的热舒适评价方法，对不同个人通风送风温度情况下的乘客舒适性进行研究。结果表明：不同个人通风送风温度对乘客头部区域温度影响较小，随着个人通风送风温度从7℃上升到14℃，乘客头部区域温度变化不超过0.8℃。不同个人通风送风温度对乘客平均皮肤温度以及热舒适性的影响较小，随着个人通风送风温度从7℃上升到14℃，目标乘客平均皮肤温度上升0.33℃。     

非车载充电机仿真建模

在阐述电动汽车非车载充电机的基本结构的基础上,根据非车载充电机的基本原理,针对不可控整流型非车载充电机,分析高频隔离式DC/DC变换器和充电机的控制电路,在Matlab-Simulink的平台上进行建模,对相关参数进行仿真,并对其注入电网和输出充电的电能进行评估。     

Deployment dynamic analysis of deployable antennas considering thermal effect

Dynamic analysis of flexible multibody systems is complex. Several successful methods have been demonstrated. However, few works discussed the dynamic performance of the flexible multibody under different temperatures. This paper uses the absolute nodal coordinate formulation to analyze the flexible body dynamics of deployment structures under different temperatures to simulate space environments. The dynamic equations of finite element in temperature field are developed. Then a computer-aided simulation of flexible multibody systems in temperature field is implemented. A general four-bar mechanism under different temperatures as a simulation example is demonstrated, and the deployment characteristics of a special four-bar mechanism as a basic module of the hoop truss deployable antenna is analyzed under different temperatures in order to evaluate the dynamic performance of the deployable antenna in space environments. The simulation results indicate the influence factors of deployment dynamic characteristics include the structural form, material properties, geometric parameters and deployment planning in ambient and thermal/vacuum environments.     

Monitoring the thermal condition of permanent-magnet synchronousmotors

This paper describes a novel approach to monitoring the condition of small permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) operating under thermal stress. The approach begins with the estimation of temperature-dependent motor parameters from measurements of line voltages and currents. The parameters are then used to derive estimates of motor temperatures. Next, the electrically estimated temperatures are combined with a surface measurement of motor temperature and a dynamic thermal model of the motor to yield an observer that is a Kalman filter. The temperatures estimated by the observer are used for failure prevention. Finally, by modifying the observer, it is tuned to use the geometric properties of its innovation for failure detection. The innovation, that is, the difference between the thermally and electrically estimated temperatures, is monitored and compared against appropriate thresholds to detect failures. Failure detection is demonstrated experimentally, and shown to be capable of distinguishing the conditions of normal operation, and operation with obstructed cooling     

步进式加热炉数模优化控制

本文针对步进式加热炉,提出对温度设定值采用数模优化控制,建立了钢坯加热过程在线控制数学模型,以便精确控制钢坯出炉温度和温度均匀性,达到提高产量和节约能源的目的。     

A Future Solar Orbital Transfer Vehicle Concept

The limiting performance of any orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) is fixed by its mass characteristics and the energy content of its propellant. The direct heating of hydrogen to high temperatures can produce practical specific impulses of 790 s which is to be compared with the liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen limit of about 480 s in practical systems. A solar orbital transfer vehicle (SOTV) has been designed which utilizes a 100 m diameter concentrator system to provide the approximate 10 MW of thermal power needed to provide a nominal thrust level of 2780 N. The SOTV offers a compromise between typical chemical OTVs and electric propulsion OTVs. The SOTV can deliver 16 000 kg to geosynchronous orbit and 5000-10 000 kg to the inner planets. A four-week period for the assembly and payload integration for the SOTV has been found necessary. Several techniques for controlling the thrust level and thermal soak of the heat exchanger have been examined. Two of these, an expandable pupil stop reflector and concentrator surface deformation, are highly competitive. Considerable mission injection opportunity flexibility is possible with more than a 10 h launch window centered about each of local dusk and dawn.     

卫星推进系统温度均衡性控制方法研究

卫星推进系统在轨需要进行温度控制,尤其需要对推进系统的贮箱、管路温度进行合理的控制。针对小卫星、微小卫星热控资源紧张的情况,以及当前的热控设计方法在不同温度环境分布的推进系统应用中存在的温度分布不均的情况,提出了一种优化的推进系统热控设计方法。在常规热控设计方法中考虑测温点最小值的同时,考虑了测温点的最大值因素,并根据最小值、最大值与控温区间的关系确定加热回路的开/关关系。采用本方法在整星热平衡试验中对推进系统进行了温度控制验证。试验结果验证了同时考虑控温区间上限和下限的热控设计方法的可行性和合理性。卫星在轨飞行阶段的推进系统参数验证了该温度控制方法能获得更好的推进系统温度分布均匀性,并保证了工作温度区间上限的裕度。     

Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety. Even though lots of methods for anti-icing have been in use or studied for quite a long time, new methods are still in great demand for both civil and military aircraft. The current study in this paper uses widely used Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuation to anti-ice on a NACA0012 airfoil model with a chord length of 53.5 cm in a closed-circuit icing wind tunnel. An actuator was installed at the leading edge of the airfoil model, and actuated by a pulsed low-temperature plasma power source. The actuator has two types of layout, a striped electrode layout and a meshy electrode layout.The ice accretion process or anti-icing process was recorded by a CCD camera and an infrared camera. Instantaneous pictures and infrared contours show that both types of DBD plasma actuators have the ability for anti-ice under a freestream velocity of 90 m/s, a static temperature of -7℃,an Median Volume droplet Diameter(MVD) of 20 lm, and an Liquid Water Content(LWC) of 0.5 g/m~3. The detected variations of temperatures with time at specific locations reveal that the temperatures oscillate for some time after spraying at first, and then tend to be nearly constant values.This shows that the key point of the anti-icing mechanism with DBD plasma actuation is to achieve a thermal equilibrium on the model surface. Besides, the power consumption in the anti-icing process was estimated in this paper by Lissajous figures measured by an oscilloscope, and it is lower than those of existing anti-icing methods. The experimental results presented in this paper indicate that the DBD plasma anti-icing method is a promising technique in the future.     

The Effects of Gaussian Interference on Communication Systemswith Adaptive Arrays

The performance of a bandlimited binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) communication system is examined when the received BPSK signal is corrupted by both thermal noise and a directional Gaussian noise interfering signal. The system uses an LMS adaptive array to suppress this interference. The effects of signal power levels, arrival angles, bandwidths, and the array bandwidth are examined. The performance of a system that uses tapped delay lines for the array weights is also examined. It is shown that the performance of a system with tapped delay lines is not affected by the interference bandwidth for a single interferer.     

转子速度大小及方向的四象限光电测量技术及应用

介绍了利用四象限光电探测器作为检测元件，对转子的旋转速度大小及方向进行在线测量的技术及其应用。对转速大小的测量采用测量频率和测量周期相结合的方法，测量精度，测量范围可以从每分钟几转到几十万转。测量中采用象限相减的差动信号处理方式，可以有效克服噪声及外部干扰信号的影响；采用过零检测处理方法，有助于克服光斑强度的变化对测量结果的影响。     

Modeling on mechanical behavior and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

This paper reports the modeling method and outcomes of mechanical performance and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under extreme temperatures. The anisotropic continuum damage model involving thermal effects is established on continuum damage mechanics which integrates the shear nonlinearity constitutive relations characterized by Romberg-Osgood equation. The temperature-induced modification of thermal strains and material properties is incorporated in stress-strain analysis, extended 3D failure criteria and exponential damage evolution rules. The proposed model is calibrated and employed to simulate behavior of composite joints in interference fitting, bolt preloading, thermal and bearing loading processes, during which the influence of interference-fit sizes, preload levels, laminate layups and service temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The predicated interfacial behavior, bearing response and failure modes are in good agreement with experimental tests. The numerical model is even capable of reflecting some non-intuitive experimental findings such as residual stress relaxation and matrix softening at elevated temperatures.     

Markov随机跳变系统的传感器系统误差估计

 针对Markov随机跳变系统的系统误差估计问题,提出一种基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)和最大似然估计相结合的在线系统误差估计方法。利用最大似然估计给出系统误差等效后验概率分布函数,采用Metropolis-Hastings抽样方法从该概率分布函数中进行抽样;利用系统误差估计和状态估计互为因果的关系,采用期望极大化(EM)方法迭代估计出最优的系统误差;分别对时变和时不变系统误差场景进行仿真分析,结果表明,在考虑系统误差统计特性的同时,所提方法对解决目标运动模型难以建立情况下的系统误差估计问题具有可行性和有效性。     

3D-Cf / Mg 复合材料的热残余应力研究

采用随动硬化有限元模型,研究了三维碳纤维增强镁基复合材料(3D-Cf/Mg)基体热残余应力的大小、分布以及不同工艺处理对热残余应力的影响。同时,对复合材料进行了高、低温处理,利用XRD定性分析了处理前后复合材料基体热残余应力的变化。计算结果表明:经过-196℃低温处理后,复合材料基体的平均Mises热残余应力由169.06 MPa减小至55.29 MPa;高温处理后,基体平均热残余应力几乎不变。该结果与实验结果吻合,证明了低温处理能明显降低复合材料基体的热残余应力。     

动态测试系统在生产实际中的应用

介绍了一种检测工作形状或尺寸大小的光电式传感器。它由电荷耦合器件CCD作传感器元件，由微型计算机完成信号采样、参数分析和数据处理，可实现工件的在线非接触式测量。     

γ-Al_2O_3对纳米SiO_2多孔绝热材料烧结行为的影响

针对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料高温收缩问题,采用纳米γ-Al2O3作为添加剂,研究了煅烧温度和γ-Al2O3添加量对绝热材料体积收缩率的影响,以及γ-Al2O3的引入对材料绝热性能的影响。结果表明:煅烧温度越高,纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料体积收缩越严重。γ-Al2O3的引入能明显降低绝热材料的高温体积收缩率,当添加量为5%(质量分数)时,1 000℃体积收缩率从10.49%下降至3.47%,随着添加量的增加,抑制体积收缩效果越明显。在高温环境下,γ-Al2O3的引入对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料绝热性能影响较小。此外,通过固体烧结动力学理论以及XRD、FESEM等表征方法阐释了γ-Al2O3抑制高温收缩机理。