Attractive manifold-based adaptive solar attitude control of satellites in elliptic orbits

The paper presents a novel noncertainty-equivalent adaptive (NCEA) control system for the pitch attitude control of satellites in elliptic orbits using solar radiation pressure (SRP). The satellite is equipped with two identical solar flaps to produce control moments. The adaptive law is based on the attractive manifold design using filtered signals for synthesis, which is a modification of the immersion and invariance (I&I) method. The control system has a modular controller–estimator structure and has separate tunable gains. A special feature of this NCEA law is that the trajectories of the satellite converge to a manifold in an extended state space, and the adaptive law recovers the performance of a deterministic controller. This recovery of performance cannot be obtained with certainty-equivalent adaptive (CEA) laws. Simulation results are presented which show that the NCEA law accomplishes precise attitude control of the satellite in an elliptic orbit, despite large parameter uncertainties.     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.     

Inertially fixed pitch stabilization of satellites by solar radiation pressure

Utilization of solar radiation pressure to stabilize the pitch attitude of an unsymmetrical satellite along an inertially-fixed orientation is investigated. A controller employing two rotatable highly reflective control surfaces is proposed and a control strategy involving both nominal and feedback controls is synthesized. Accounting for the apparent annual motion of the Sun, the validity of the concept throughout the year is established through a stability analysis of the system. The influence of the Earth's shadow on the controller performance is also analyzed. The speed of response as well as the pointing accuracy capabilities of the system appear to be quite acceptable for long-life scientific missions.     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.     

大型卫星姿态机动的滑模变结构控制技术

研究了大型卫星三轴大角度姿态机动控制。建立了以控制力矩陀螺作为执行机构的大型卫星姿态动力学方程,针对快速性和鲁棒性要求,设计了一种滑模变结构控制器。控制器基于反馈四元数,避免了源自三轴大角度机动欧拉角描述的奇异性,且滑动模态能满足Lyapunov意义的渐近稳定。仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性和优良性能。     

Application of SDRE technique to orbital and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying

This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control technique for coupled orbital and attitude relative motion of formation flying. Recently, mission concepts based on the formations of spacecraft that require an increased performance level for in-space maneuvers and operations, have been proposed. In order to guarantee the required performance level, those missions will be characterized by very low inter-satellite distance and demanding relative pointing requirements. Therefore, an autonomous control with high accuracy will be required, both for the control of relative distance and relative attitude. The control system proposed in this work is based on the solution of the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE), which is one of the more promising nonlinear techniques for regulating nonlinear systems in all the major branches of engineering. The coupling of the relative orbital and attitude motion is obtained considering the same set of thrusters for the control of both orbital and attitude relative dynamics. In addition, the SDRE algorithm is implemented with a timing update strategy both for the controller and the proposed nonlinear filter. The proposed control system approach has been applied to the design of a nonlinear controller for an up-to-date formation mission, which is ESA Proba-3. Numerical simulations considering a tracking signal for both orbital and attitude relative maneuver during an operative orbit of the mission are presented.     

大挠性多体卫星的自抗扰姿态控制系统设计

研究了最近提出的非线性自抗扰控制器 (ADRC)在大挠性多体卫星姿态控制中的应用问题。提出了一种双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器 (ADRAC) ,并从鲁棒性、干扰抑制、动静态性能指标和振动抑制等方面与使用于某挠性卫星的传统PID控制器进行了比较。在考虑了反作用轮和敏感器的实际非线性和敏感器噪声的影响情况下进行了仿真 ,结果表明 ,双闭环自抗扰姿态控制器各方面性能均优于传统的PID。本文提出的自抗扰姿态控制器 ,对实现挠性多体卫星的高精度高稳定度姿态控制 ,具有实际的应用价值     

Stochastic control of pitch motion of satellites using stabilizing flaps

The modelling, analysis and synthesis of an attitude control system for low orbit artificial satellites using stabilizing flaps are presented. The function of the system is to maintain the satellite aligned with the local vertical. The aerodynamic forces on the satellite are modelled assuming free molecular flow using the kinetic theory of gases. The control system development is considered through the application of stochastic control concepts. The satellite motion is described by the equations of motion based on Newtonian formulation. Starting from the separation principle, a sequential procedure is developed in which the state estimation and control problems are handled simultaneously. State estimate is provided by Kalman filter using the information about the position of the satellite and of the flaps. The controller acts on satellite in real time, and the stabilizing flaps are the only control elements.     

整星零动量小卫星偏置飞行姿态解耦控制

研究了采用反作用飞轮为执行机构的整星零动量卫星绕Ｘ轴大角度偏置飞行模式的姿态解耦控制问题。首先给出卫星姿态运动学和动力学模型，然后在控制作用中引入非线性项对姿态动力学模型线性化，进一步对线性模型进行状态反馈解耦和极点配置。最后，给出了数学仿真算例和仿真结果。     

An attitude control approach for compensation of satellite drift in elliptic synchronous orbits

This paper explores the possibility of developing a new attitude control method for satellites in elliptic, 24-hour orbits, in order to compensate for the effect of longitudinal periodic drift relative to the ground station. A simple solar attitude control technique has been proposed for achieving the fixed apparent satellite orientation with respect to the ground segment of the space mission. The proposed control approach appears to be quite attractive for various satellite applications as it can substantially overcome the problems created by the continual periodic angular drift as well as undesirable pitching excitation in the elliptic orbits. Generalizing the analytically developed open-loop control policy results in a significant improvement of the controller performance.     

绳系太阳能发电卫星姿态机动的主动振动控制

针对绳系太阳能发电卫星大角度回转机动时太阳能板的振动抑制问题,提出了主姿态控制和基于绳中张力的主动振动控制技术相结合的复合控制方法。建立了绳系太阳能发电卫星系统的动力学方程,并基于任务函数控制算法设计了主控制器保证卫星姿态的渐近稳定和挠性结构振动的衰减性;考虑到绳的非线性特性,基于任务函数控制算法设计了绳系卫星系统的主动振动抑制辅助控制器来抑制挠性结构的振动。设计的同时证明了系统的稳定性。将该方法应用于绳系卫星的大角度单轴回转机动的仿真研究,结果表明:该方法不仅能够使绳系卫星完成姿态机动,而且能够有效地抑制太阳能板的振动。     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

帆板转动时卫星姿态的非线性控制

当帆板转动时，卫星姿态因系统质量特性的改变和帆板驱动力矩的作用而发生扰动，本文采用一种具有鲁棒性的非线性控制方法，实现了高精度的卫星姿态控制。     

基于时频域分析的轮控航天器姿态控制规律参数整定

研究了轮控航天器姿态控制规律的设计与参数整定问题。采用xyz转序欧拉角描述航天器姿态,建立了航天器动力学及运动学方程,并设计了非线性解耦控制律,使得各回路可独立设计PID控制器。以滚动回路为例,分析了PD控制参数与系统带宽、截止频率、相位裕度等多项频域指标的关系,从而设计有效的稳态控制器以应对挠性结构振动和系统时延等;接着根据姿态控制特性给出了积分参数选取及积分饱和处理策略;同时为快速完成姿态机动,结合时间最优控制特性分析了控制参数与机动角度的关系;此外,执行机构效率和系统干扰力矩等因素也被用于控制参数域的整定。最后利用整定策略设计了某型卫星的姿态控制器,并通过频域分析和数学仿真检验了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

双体卫星对日定向姿态机动控制

研究了双体卫星(DFP)对日定向姿态机动控制问题。首先分析双体卫星工作机理,建立载荷舱与平台舱姿态模型,推导磁浮机构线圈和磁钢相对距离的数学表达式。提出基于PD控制的载荷舱对日姿态机动、平台舱姿态跟踪以及两舱避碰等控制策略。在此基础上,为提高平台舱姿态跟踪速度,设计反步控制器对平台舱飞轮的动态特性进行补偿。进一步,为提高两舱协同控制性能,对传统PD控制进行改进,提出基于变增益PD控制的载荷舱姿态机动控制律,将两舱相对姿态信息包含在载荷舱对日姿态机动控制律中,有效降低了两舱碰撞风险,提高了两舱姿态机动速度。仿真结果表明,本文控制算法能有效实现双体卫星对日定向,且能避免两舱碰撞。     

以VSCMG为执行器的航天器姿态机动自适应动态滑模控制

针对刚体航天器姿态机动控制问题,结合变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)执行器的特性,提出一种自适应动态滑模控制律,提高了姿态机动控制的扰动抑制能力和鲁棒性。此控制律采用自适应方法对扰动力矩进行估计,通过给出控制力矩变化率并对其积分得到控制力矩,以此削弱切换控制的抖振对控制力矩时间连续性的影响,从而改善系统的动态性能。仿真分析显示该控制律能够在扰动力矩作用下实现刚体航天器的快速姿态机动,并且有效减弱了滑模控制的抖振现象。     

对无控旋转目标逼近的自适应滑模控制

对追踪器逼近无控旋转目标器的轨迹和姿态六自由度控制问题进行了研究.基于适用于任意偏心率的航天器相对运动轨道和姿态动力学模型,对追踪器逼近无控旋转目标的参考轨迹和参考姿态进行了分析与设计,推导了一种用于六自由度逼近控制的自适应滑模控制器.通过仿真分析,证明了所设计的逼近参考轨迹和参考姿态的合理性,同时验证了自适应滑模控制器的有效性.     

帆板驱动影响下的卫星姿态高精度高稳定度控制

受步进电机驱动作用,太阳帆板对日定向时卫星姿态受到影响。本文针对帆板驱动不平稳引起的同卫星姿态耦合干扰,提出了一种卫星姿态稳定和太阳帆板对日定向的复合控制方法。卫星姿态稳定采用自抗扰控制器,以估计补偿由帆板驱动和系统不确定性引起的干扰,并在此基础上,设计了步进电机自适应电流补偿驱动器,以克服帆板驱动机构摩擦力矩和谐波力矩影响。仿真结果表明,该方法能大大提高卫星姿态控制精度和稳定度,同时还改善了帆板对日定向的精度。
     

Robust attitude stabilization of spacecraft subject to actuator failures

A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed to stabilize the 3-axis attitude of the spacecraft for cases where there is no control available on either roll or yaw axis. The stability conditions for robustness against unmatched uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. The properties of the proposed sliding surface are investigated to obtain the domains of sliding mode for the closed-loop system. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.