飞行器在轨服务

定义了在轨服务（OOS）的概念。介绍了OOS可实现的在轨检查、组装、更换修理、补给,以及轨道转移等功能,讨论了可扩展公共卫星平台、精确测量系统与控制软件、先进对接机构、燃料传输系统、先进机械臂系统,自主运行与管理等关键技术。阐述了OOS发展的需求与驱动因素,以及对飞行器设计中通用化与标准化、理念调整,以及可靠性与技术分配重构等的影响。     

Robust attitude stabilization of spacecraft subject to actuator failures

A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed to stabilize the 3-axis attitude of the spacecraft for cases where there is no control available on either roll or yaw axis. The stability conditions for robustness against unmatched uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. The properties of the proposed sliding surface are investigated to obtain the domains of sliding mode for the closed-loop system. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

FY-3A极轨气象卫星

介绍了我国研制的风云三号A(FY-3A)极轨气象卫星的基本任务、轨道与发射窗口、构型与布局、主要技术参数、探测仪器配置、图像资料传输与存储,以及姿轨控和数管系统等总体概况.分析了卫星的技术特点.介绍了卫星入轨过程、平台和数传等在轨运行状况.给出了遥感仪器的工作及其部分应用结果.卫星近4个月的运行稳定,获取了大量的气象和环境数据.初步测试结果表明:FY-3A卫星大部分仪器性能与国际同类仪器比对一致,已达国际先进水平.     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

Design and implementation of the flight dynamics system for COMS satellite mission operations

The first Korean multi-mission geostationary Earth orbit satellite, Communications, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle in June 26, 2010. The COMS satellite has three payloads including Ka-band communications, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Meteorological Imager. Although the COMS spacecraft bus is based on the Astrium Eurostar 3000 series, it has only one solar array to the south panel because all of the imaging sensors are located on the north panel. In order to maintain the spacecraft attitude with 5 wheels and 7 thrusters, COMS should perform twice a day wheel off-loading thruster firing operations, which affect on the satellite orbit. COMS flight dynamics system provides the general on-station functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, station-keeping maneuver planning, station-relocation maneuver planning, and fuel accounting. All orbit related functions in flight dynamics system consider the orbital perturbations due to wheel off-loading operations. There are some specific flight dynamics functions to operate the spacecraft bus such as wheel off-loading management, oscillator updating management, and on-station attitude reacquisition management. In this paper, the design and implementation of the COMS flight dynamics system is presented. An object oriented analysis and design methodology is applied to the flight dynamics system design. Programming language C# within Microsoft .NET framework is used for the implementation of COMS flight dynamics system on Windows based personal computer.     

首颗自主地月转移微卫星“龙江二号”

本文对世界首颗独立完成地月转移、近月制动、环月飞行的微卫星“龙江二号”进行了介绍。首先阐述了龙江二号的任务目标和总体方案;然后重点分析了轨道设计与控制、复杂电磁干扰的标定与抑制、宽视场三维基线干涉测量等关键技术难点;接着回顾了任务的实施过程;最后详细介绍了低频射电探测仪、沙特光学相机和VHF/UHF通信模块与学生微型CMOS相机等有效载荷,并展示了上述载荷获取的初步成果。     

偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法

针对偏王动量卫星的特点,提出了一种偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法.根据单自由度轮控系统的控制方式、角动量管理的控制方法,以及角动量管理对卫星轨道的影响,基于动量轮转速的变化建立了推力器喷气效率、轨道元素变化量计算模型,提出了可延长东西位置保持周期的轨道控制优化策略.实际轨控任务应用结果表明方法控制效果良好.     

The results of flight tests of an attitude control system for the Chibis-M microsatellite

The attitude control system of the Chibis-M microsatellite is described. Results of flight experiments on damping the initial angular velocity (made using magnetorquers) are considered, as well as stabilization in the orbital referece frame, and orientation of solar arrays toward the Sun using reaction wheels. The operation of algorithms of satellite attitude determination on sunlit and shadow segments of the orbit is also under study. The general logic of operation of the attitude control system in automatic mode is presented and discussed.     

基于IGRF地磁场模型的航天器地磁干扰力矩数值仿真

航天器长期在轨运行期间,空间磁场与其自身磁矩相互作用的累积,会对航天器的姿态造成较大影响,加重姿态控制系统负担,降低航天器的可靠性。文章分别针对航天器轨道计算及地磁场模型的使用,对航天器地磁干扰力矩数值的仿真进行了系统的研究,最终得到航天器在轨运行时地磁干扰力矩计算仿真方法。     

CE-4中继卫星使命轨道维持与动量轮卸载联合控制方法

针对嫦娥四号中继卫星动量轮频繁喷气卸载对其使命轨道Halo轨道的扰动问题,定性分析了卫星角动量累积规律和动量轮卸载对使命轨道构型的影响,给出了动量轮卸载前后角动量变化量与喷气卸载等效速度增量的关系,在角动量卸载预测的基础上,提出了一种使命轨道维持与动量轮卸载联合控制方法,通过偏置维持控制目标抵消控后动量轮卸载影响,达到延长轨道维持控制周期和节省推进剂的目的,给出了控制目标偏置量的求解方法。工程应用结果验证了方法的有效性。     

JEOS: The JANUS earth observation satellite

The JANUS multimission platform has been designed to minimize the cost of the satellite (by a maximum reuse of equipment from other proprogrammes) and of its associated launch by Aŕiane (by a piggy-back configuration optimized for Ariane 4).The paper describes the application of the JANUS platform to an Earth observation mission with the objective to provide a given country with a permanent monitoring of its earth resources by exploitation of spaceborne imagery. According to this objective, and to minimize the overall system and operational cost, the JANUS Earth Observation Satellite (JEOS) will provide a limited coverage with real time transmission of image data, thus avoiding need for on-board storage and simplifying operations.The JEOS operates on a low earth, near polar sun synchronous orbit. Launched in a piggy-back configuration on Ariane 4, with a SPOT or ERS spacecraft, it reaches its operational orbit after a drift orbit of a few weeks maximum. In its operational mode, the JEOS is 3-axis stabilised, earth pointed.After presentation of the platform, the paper describes the solid state push-broom camera which is composed of four optical lenses mounted on a highly stable optical bench. Each lens includes an optics system, reused from an on-going development, and two CCD linear arrays of detectors. The camera provides four registered channels in visible and near IR bands. The whole optical bench is supported by a rotating mechanism which allows rotation of the optical axis in the across-track direction. The JEOS typical performance for a 700 km altitude is then summarized: spatial resolution 30 m, swath width 120 km, off-track capability 325 km,…The payload data handling and transmission electronics, derived from the French SPOT satellite, realizes the processing, formatting, and transmission to the ground; this allows reuse of the standard SPOT receiving stations. The camera is only operated when the spacecraft is within the visibility of the ground station, and image data are directly transmitted to the ground station by the spacecraft X-band transmitter.Finally, the paper presents a set of typical Earth observation missions which can be realized with JEOS, for countries which wish to have their own observation system, possibly also as a complement to the SPOT and/or LANDSAT observation data.     

月面巡视器实时动力学建模与牵引控制

为实现月面巡视器GNC系统的闭环测试,研究了六轮摇臂式巡视器在月表崎岖地形、松软土壤和低重力环境下的动力学建模与控制问题。基于弹塑性轮—土力学和粘弹性运动副约束分析,建立了巡视器的牛顿—欧拉动力学模型。以跟踪期望速度、角速度为目标,采用速度协调控制和车轮滑移控制,完成了巡视器闭环牵引控制。在实时操作系统下实现了巡视器动力学模型和牵引控制系统,并建立了三维可视化平台,对该动力学模型和牵引控制方法进行验证。测试结果证实了建立的动力学模型准确、稳定,可以真实地模拟巡视器在月球表面的运动行为和轮—土作用关系,且满足运动副的约束;所设计的牵引控制方法可以较准确地实现巡视器跟踪期望的运动。     

近地卫星星历的高精度星载算法研究

随着星载计算机系统结构和性能的改善,利用星载计算机实现高精度的星历计算成为可能。本文针对近地轨道卫星提出了一种适合星上轨道预报的数值算法。通过采用简化的动力学模型和一种嵌套插值算法的积分器,有效提高了计算效率,降低了对星载计算系统的性能要求,从而实现高精度的卫星星历星载计算。该算法在星载计算机系统平台上进行仿真验证的结果表明,对于某飞行器可实现轨道预报1天优于1km的星历计算。     

太阳同步轨道电子探测器的多方向设计研究

为实现观测电子投掷角分布的目标,本文讨论了太阳同步轨道三轴稳定卫星电子观测的多方向设计。分析了磁层电子投掷角分布特征,并根据太阳同步轨道卫星的轨道参数,计算得到卫星运行轨迹上,三个探测器常用安装面正入射粒子的投掷角。在此基础上,进行电子探测器的探测方向设计,结果表明探测器要在任何安装面都满足投掷角观测要求,至少需要在0°、10°、20°、25°、35°、45°、70°、80°和90°共9个方向上设计探测窗口。     

某遥感卫星平台的微振动试验研究

为了研究动量轮/控制力矩陀螺造成的微小振动在卫星结构内的传递规律,文章利用某遥感卫星平台在国内首次开展了气浮和悬吊两种状态下的卫星微振动对比研究试验。分别在两种边界下进行了背景噪声测试及模态试验,分析了两种边界条件对试验结果的影响;测量了动量轮/控制力矩陀螺工作造成的微振动响应。通过对试验结果的分析,总结了典型微振动源的主要扰动成分及其传播规律。研究表明:两种边界引入的噪声对试验结果的影响均较小,微振动响应在传播过程中会大幅衰减;动量轮及控制力矩陀螺工作时引起的扰动响应从总体上看受边界的影响不大。     

空间武器平台潜伏轨道分布模型研究

从敌方空间目标出发,提出了空间武器平台潜伏轨道的概念,分析了空间武器平台潜伏轨道的分类以及影响潜伏轨道选择的因素;进而提出选择空间武器平台潜伏轨道的原则;建立了多目标、多轨道情况下,潜伏轨道的分布模型;给出了目标威胁度及平时利用率约束下的优化模型,并通过算例对模型的可靠性进行了验证。     

无陀螺磁控小卫星的大角度姿态捕获研究

为了解决无陀螺磁控小卫星的姿态稳定和捕获问题,本文针对偏置稳定的主动磁控小卫星姿态控制平台,基于磁控力矩的时间累积作用效果等效卫星角动量增量的规律,设计了一种仅利用角度反馈的卫星大角度磁捕获控制律。通过仿真和卫星在轨实测的验证,证明该方法具有良好的收敛效果和鲁棒性,工程实现简单,可靠性高,适用于中低轨道的通信小卫星。     

风云四号卫星双程测距系统精密轨道确定

针对我国新一代静止轨道卫星风云四号高精度轨道计算需求,地面跟踪系统设计了多台站双频双程测距模式。详细给出了信号传播介质改正中的电离层与对流层处理方法,并给出了风云四号卫星动力学轨道确定策略。在非变轨期间,采用动力学定轨方法。轨道确定残差分析,测量噪声均方根优于0.5 m。通过轨道重叠分析,非变轨期间精度优于20 m。动量轮卸载期间,采用估计经验力的方法,其定轨残差优于1 m。对多弧段数据处理表明文中方法满足同步卫星双程测距模式下的高精度轨道跟踪问题。     

中国巴西地球资源卫星的轨道捕获和轨迹交会控制

中巴地球资源卫星一号(CBERS-1)是中国和巴西合作研制的第一颗运行在太阳同步轨道上的地球资源卫星.CBERS-1于1999年10月14日由中国自行研制的长征运载工具按预定计划准时发射,进入设计轨道,随后通过轨道捕获、星下点轨迹控制和多次轨道保持机动等一系列轨道测控操作,该卫星已按遥感用户的要求正常运行在高精度的太阳同步、回归冻结轨道上.本文简要阐明CBERS-1轨道控制系统的任务目标、系统结构、轨道控制策略、控制性能、飞行软件和在轨操作以及飞行结果.