基于扩张状态观测器的运输机多故障容错控制

针对含有传感器与舵面故障的运输机姿态跟踪问题, 提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的反步容错控制方法。采用状态观测器与控制器分开设计的方法, 设计含神经网络的扩张状态观测器估计系统状态、传感器和舵面故障信息。在此基础上, 利用状态估计值代替实际状态, 采用反步法设计姿态角跟踪控制律, 并引入指令滤波器提高反步法的控制性能, 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论推导证明了闭环系统跟踪误差的最终有界收敛。仿真结果表明, 在系统存在传感器与舵面多故障的条件下, 所提方法依然可以实现运输机姿态角的稳定跟踪。      

Novel finite-time attitude control of postcapture spacecraft with input faults and quantization

This paper investigates a novel finite-time attitude control method for the postcapture spacecraft with an unknown captured space target in the presence of input faults and quantization. First, a quasi fixed-time convergent performance function is developed to quantitatively characterize the attitude tracking performance. Then, a backstepping prescribed performance attitude controller is devised via using integral barrier Lyapunov function. Compared with the existing works, the fractional state feedback and discontinuous controller is directly avoided to achieve the fixed-time convergence rate. Namely, the proposed fixed-time controller is easily achieved online. Finally, two groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control method.     

输入受限的编队卫星分布式姿态协同控制

研究了跟踪时变参考姿态情况下的编队飞行卫星协同控制问题,提出了一种非线性饱和的分布式协同控制器。在控制器中引入了一个双曲正切函数向量,保证了连续控制输入的有界性。采用Barbalat引理对姿态跟踪情况下闭环协同控制系统的稳定性进行了分析,得出了系统渐近稳定的结论。通过对各种条件下的仿真,验证了算法的有效性,并确立了编队卫星信息流图的拓扑结构和控制器增益等因素与暂态过程中相对姿态保持性能的关系。     

输入受限卫星姿态的鲁棒非线性镇定与跟踪控制

研究控制输入受限的卫星在存在外部干扰和转动惯量不确定性时的姿态镇定和姿态跟踪控制问题,利用双曲正切函数的性质分别设计了两种有界鲁棒非线性反馈控制律,并用李雅普诺夫方法证明：通过适当选择两种控制律中的参数,可保证闭环系统角速度误差渐近趋于零,且姿态误差收敛到事先给定的原点小邻域内．仿真结果表明利用所设计的控制律可在控制输入受限情况下有效抑制外部干扰和转动惯量不确定性的影响,达到预期控制目标．     

Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy attitude takeover control of spacecraft

The problem of attitude takeover control of spacecraft by using cellular satellites with limited communication, actuator faults and input saturation is investigated. In order to lighten the communication burden of cellular satellites, an event-triggered control strategy is adopted. The filtered attitude information needs to be transmitted only when the defined measurement error reaches the event-triggered threshold in this strategy. Then, to deal with the unknown inertia matrix, actuator faults, external disturbances and the errors caused by event-triggered scheme, fuzzy logic systems is introduced to estimate the uncertainties directly. Combining fuzzy logic control strategy and the event-triggered method, the first event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control law is developed. Then, torque saturation of cellular satellites is further considered in the second control law, where the upper bound of the uncertainties is estimated by fuzzy logic systems. The resulting closed-loop systems under the two control laws are guaranteed to be bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of two proposed control laws is verified by the numerical simulations.     

直升机两步法抗饱和控制

在执行机构饱和约束下,研究了直升机的全姿态控制和速度跟踪问题.提出了一种能适用直升机这样的开环不稳定系统的两步法抗饱和控制方法,即第1步在不考虑饱和约束下设计了直升机H_∞回路成形内外回路控制器,内回路实现直升机全姿态控制和通道解耦,外回路实现速度跟踪;第2步考虑饱和约束,设计抗饱和补偿器弱化饱和引起的闭环性能退化.证明了该抗饱和控制系统的L₂稳定性,并通过回路变换和乘数理论减少其保守性.对UH-60黑鹰直升机的仿真试验表明了该方法的有效性.      

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的微小卫星大角度姿态机动控制

研究了变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)作为执行机构的微小卫星多目标快速姿态机动的控制问题.控制力矩陀螺(CMG)可以在不增加功耗、质量和体积的条件下为微小卫星提供独特的控制力矩、角动量和姿态机动能力,这有助于微小卫星变得更加机动灵活.首先建立了以变速控制力矩为执行机构的航天器姿态动力学模型,采用修正Rodrigues参数描述姿态.在考虑执行机构饱和、机动速率限制、控制带宽限制等情况下,设计了基于Lyapunov理论的非线性姿态反馈控制器.以采用VSCMG为执行机构的某微小卫星为例进行了数值仿真,结果表明卫星在机动中达到了快速和稳定的要求,提出的非线性姿态反馈控制器有很好的鲁棒性和有效性.      

Robust fault-tolerant saturated control for spacecraft proximity operations with actuator saturation and faults

In this paper, the motion control problem of autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target in the presence of unknown model parameters, external disturbances, actuator saturation and faults is investigated. Firstly, a nonlinear six degree-of-freedom dynamics model is established to describe the relative motion of the chaser spacecraft with respect to the tumbling target. Subsequently, a robust fault-tolerant saturated control strategy with no precise knowledge of model parameters and external disturbances is proposed by combining the sliding mode control technique with an adaptive methodology. Then, within the Lyapunov framework, it is proved that the designed robust fault-tolerant controller can guarantee the relative position and attitude errors converge into small regions containing the origin. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.     

Guaranteed performance based adaptive attitude tracking of spacecraft with control constraints

The guaranteed performance control problem of spacecraft attitude tracking with control constraint, disturbance and time-varying inertia parameters is investigated. A new saturation function is designed to satisfy different magnitude constraints by introducing a piecewise smooth asymmetric Gauss error function. Based on the mean-value theorem, the constrained problem is transformed into an unconstrained control design subject to an unknown bounded coefficient matrix. To satisfy the constraints by performance functions, a tracking error constrained control is developed based on a hyperbolic arc-tangent asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). In the backstepping framework, an adaptive robust control law is proposed by employing a smooth robust term simultaneously counteracting the parametric and non-parametric uncertainties, where the unknown coefficient matrix resulting from the control constraint is compensated by a Nussbaum function matrix. Rigorous stability analysis indicates that the proposed control law realizes the asymptotically tracking of spacecraft attitude and that the tracking error remains in a prescribed set which implies the achievement of the guaranteed transient performance. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical results.     

非冗余舵面与RCS复合故障的自愈控制方法

临近空间飞行器在稀-稠大气过渡阶段且反推力矢量装置(Reaction Control System, RCS)有剩余燃料的情况下,RCS对于非冗余舵面的故障补偿与在线重构具有重要意义。基于此,本文研究了针对非冗余舵面与RCS复合故障的自愈控制方法,以实现飞行器的安全可靠控制。首先,建立了执行机构故障等不确定影响下的姿态控制模型;其次,针对舵面故障给出了基于残差观测的故障检测与自诊断方法,设计了RCS与舵面复合故障的分离诊断策略;然后,基于非线性比例-微分控制及故障诊断信息,设计了舵面故障补偿的自愈控制器;同时,基于RCS故障喷管序列判定,设计了复合故障下RCS在线重构的自愈控制器。最后,通过某典型全弹道姿态跟踪数值仿真,验证了该方法的有效性及可靠性。     

基于无源性的航天器姿态跟踪控制设计

考虑到机器人和航天器都是非线性力学系统,利用在机器人控制研究中发展起来的基于力学系统无源性的控制设计方法,在统一的理论框架内,根据航天器模型不确定性的不同情况,设计了多种姿态跟踪自适应和变结构控制律,并证明了闭环系统跟踪误差的收敛性。     

Adaptive fuzzy neural network control for a space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities

Space manipulator is considered as one of the most promising technologies for future space activities owing to its important role in various on-orbit serving missions. In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) control scheme is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of an attitude-controlled free-flying space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities. The parametric uncertainties and external disturbances are also taken into the consideration. First, a model-based controller is designed by using the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to prevent the position tracking errors from violating the predefined output constraints. Then, an adaptive FNN controller is designed by using two FNNs to compensate for the lumped uncertainties and input nonlinearities, respectively. Rigorous theoretical analysis for the semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the whole closed-loop system is provided. The proposed adaptive FNN controller can guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors converge to the small neighborhoods about zero, while ensuring the position tracking errors within the output constraints even in the presence of input nonlinearities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are relatively few existing controllers can achieve such excellent control performance in the same conditions. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

基于干扰补偿的导弹增量式动态逆容错控制方法

针对导弹飞控系统存在外部干扰、执行机构故障等问题,运用一种鲁棒增量式动态逆被动容错控制方法,以避免主动故障诊断带来的计算效率问题,同时实现飞行姿态的可靠安全控制。针对外部干扰及执行机构故障等控制系统不确定性,建立导弹三通道姿态控制模型,基于干扰观测器对不确定性进行估计与补偿设计终端滑模控制律。为进一步增强导弹姿态控制系统的鲁棒性,给出导弹增量式动态逆容错控制律,结合终端滑模控制设计干扰补偿的增量式动态逆终端滑模控制律,并对系统残差进行分析比较。某典型全弹道姿态跟踪任务仿真表明,该方法在故障未知的情况下仍然保持姿态跟踪特性与容错能力,实现导弹姿态鲁棒精准快速控制。     

航天器相对姿态跟踪的非线性前馈控制

针对航天器相对姿态跟踪过程中严重的非线性及控制器设计的复杂性,建立了基于修正罗德里格斯参数的航天器相对姿态运动学和动力学方程并根据Lyapunov直接法设计了非线性前馈控制律.设计的控制律不仅保证闭环系统稳定,还使得航天器相对姿态跟踪误差快速收敛到零点邻域内.通过在Matlab/Simulink环境下对航天器相对姿态跟踪进行数值仿真,验证了建立模型和设计控制律的有效性.     

基于逆动力学和在线参数辨识的飞机姿态控制

传统的综合飞行/火力控制系统的设计使用了PID(Proportion-Integral-Differential)结构的飞行/火力耦合器,具有鲁棒性差、设计工作量大等缺点.提出了一种基于逆动力学和在线参数辨识的方法,用于直接设计综合控制系统中的姿态控制器.其中,对飞机的转动动力学方程,推导得到了其逆特性的解析形式;使用在线参数辨识方法,对飞机的气动特性进行估计并用于舵面分配.以六自由度非线性飞机模型为对象进行了仿真,结果表明所设计的姿态控制系统具有快速性好、通道间解耦效果明显、对气动模型误差的鲁棒性强等优点.本方法也可推广用于其他的飞行器姿态控制系统设计.     

航天器姿态指向跟踪的一种自适应滑模控制方法

航天器姿态指向跟踪(APT)技术是近年来引起深入研究的关键技术之一,设计一种自适应滑模控制律,通过设计自适应律考虑有界干扰力矩和转动惯量不确定因素的影响,同时使用滑模控制设计方法保证控制算法的鲁棒性,用双曲正切函数代替符号函数来克服滑模控制中存在的抖振问题,实现受控航天器的某个指向(相机或天线)保持对运动目标的跟踪.控制方案采用修正罗德里格斯参数(MRP)描述航天器姿态,用喷气推力器作为航天器的姿态执行机构.仿真结果显示了控制律的有效性.     

Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulations of spacecraft attitude synchronization using the State-Dependent Riccati Equation technique

A nonlinear control technique pertaining to attitude synchronization problems is presented for formation flying spacecraft by utilizing the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) technique. An attitude controller consisting of relative control and absolute control is designed using a reaction wheel assembly for regulator and tracking problems. To achieve effective relative control, the selective state-dependent connectivity is also adopted. The global asymptotic stability of the controller is confirmed using the Lyapunov theorem and is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. An air-bearing-based Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator (HILS) is also developed to validate the proposed control laws in real-time environments. The SDRE controller is discretized for implementation of a real-time processor in the HILS. The pointing errors are about 0.2° in the numerical simulations and about 1° in the HILS simulations, and experimental simulations confirm the effectiveness of the control algorithm for attitude synchronization in a spacecraft formation flying mission. Consequently, experiments using the HILS in a real-time environment can appropriately perform spacecraft attitude synchronization algorithms for formation flying spacecraft.     

Nonlinear attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with multiple delays

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with delay free and communication delays. With help of the idea of sliding control, an adaptive attitude synchronization control architecture is established. Furthermore, by introducing a nonsmooth feedback function, a new class of nonlinear controllers for the attitude tracking of spacecraft is developed. Both parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances are dealt with via the kind of controllers. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.     

基于非线性未知输入观测器的航天器故障诊断

针对一类满足Lipschitz条件的非线性系统,设计了一组非线性未知输入观测器,并依据故障解耦的思想,产生结构化的残差集,实现非线性系统执行器的故障隔离。研究考虑了未知扰动对非线性系统的影响,并利用Lyapunov理论证明了所设计观测器的稳定性。最后,以三轴稳定卫星的姿态控制系统为对象,仿真验证了所提方法对各种典型执行器故障诊断的有效性。     

基于事件触发的航天器姿态自适应容错控制

针对航天器通信和计算资源约束以及执行器故障场景下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于事件触发的航天器姿态自适应容错控制策略。首先,采用自适应方法估计故障信息、外界扰动等系统中未知参数,并引入事件触发机制,在执行器故障下实现容错控制的同时,节约星载计算机的计算资源。然后,基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了所提出的控制策略保证了闭环系统状态全局一致且最终有界稳定,并能有效避免Zeno现象,保证了执行器故障场景下对姿态的精确控制。最后,应用于航天器的姿态稳定试验,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。