Excitation and propagation of an electromagnetic pulse in magnetized plasma in the low-hybrid frequency range

We analyze specific features of slow quasi-static waves excited in the low-hybrid frequency band by a source whose dimensions are much smaller than electromagnetic wavelength. Main attention in this paper is given to an analysis of emission of harmonic signals by a dipole source in pulsed mode. First, the issue of influence of electromagnetic, thermal, and collision corrections in the dispersion equation on the field structure has been studied. Second, the structure of electric and magnetic fields near the resonant cone has been analyzed: in particular, effects of group delay and anomalous spreading of signals are considered. Thus constructed theory explains results of the OEDIPUS-C experiment, in which, for example, already at distances of order of ten wavelengths a signal delay of approximately 10^?4 s was observed. Finally, we have studied some aspects of the inverse problem of electrodynamics: the role played in field formation by smoothness of charge distribution over antenna is demonstrated, and a class of smooth distributions of charge on antenna is found that form a preset field structure.     

一种新型双频双极化微带偶极子天线

文章提出了一种适用于基站天线的新型双频双极化微带偶极子天线单元,采用改进的微带偶极子、附加耦合贴片以及对称平衡馈电的结构形式。用商业软件Ansoft对天线的电特性进行仿真计算,并制作了实验模型,测试结果和仿真结果吻合良好。天线在880MHz~960MHz的GSM(全球移动通信系统)频段和1 710MHz~1 880MHz的DCS(数字蜂窝系统)频段上的反射损耗均大于10dB,且在两个频段上极化互相垂直的两个端口的隔离度均大于31dB。     

Inflatable antenna for cubesats: Motivation for development and antenna design

CubeSats and small satellites have potential to provide means to explore space and to perform science in a more affordable way. As the goals for these spacecraft become more ambitious in space exploration, moving from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) or further, the communication systems currently implemented will not be able to support those missions. One of the bottlenecks in small spacecraft communication systems is represented by antennas' size, due to the close relation between antenna gain and dimensions. Current antennas for CubeSats are mostly dipole or patch antennas with limited gain. Deployable (not inflatable) antennas for CubeSats are currently being investigated, but these solutions are affected by the challenge of packaging the whole deployable structure in a small spacecraft.The work that we propose represents the first attempt to develop an inflatable antenna for CubeSats. Inflatable structures and antennas can be packaged efficiently occupying a small amount of space, and they can provide, once deployed, large dish dimension and correspondent gain. Inflatable antennas have been previously tested in space (Inflatable Antenna Experiment, STS-77). However they have never been developed for small spacecraft such as CubeSats, where the packaging efficiency, the deployment, and the inflation represent a challenge.Our study explores for the first time the possibility of developing such antenna in a way compatible with CubeSat dimensions and constraints. The research provides answers on the possible dimensions for an inflatable antenna for small satellites, on the gain and resolution that can be achieved, and on the deployment and inflation mechanism compatible with CubeSat. Future work in the development of the antenna will include the test of the antenna in flight during a specific technical demonstration mission.The article is structured as follows: context and motivation for Cubesat inflatable antenna are described; then a study to design the antenna which achieves the required performance metrics, while respecting the constraints imposed by CubeSat structure, is presented.     

Application of a magnetohydrodynamic element in the control loop of a rotating spacecraft with a spike antenna

The problem of stabilization of a rotating spacecraft with a flexible spike antenna located along the axis of spacecraft rotation is considered. A magnetohydrodynamic element is used as a final-control element in the control loop of spacecraft attitude, and the solar direction sensor serves as a measuring device. At the first stage of investigation, the problem of stability is considered for stationary and non-stationary modes of rotation of the spacecraft with a flexible antenna and with a cavity partially filled with a low-viscosity liquid.     

星载天线反射面型面热变形影响因素分析

星载天线在轨运行时受到周期性的温度变化影响,天线反射面会发生热变形,影响天线增益.热膨胀系数是描述结构热变形的重要参数,并且会随温度变化;在进行结构热变形分析时若将热膨胀系数视为常数会给仿真分析带来误差.文章以抛物面天线反射面为研究对象,考虑热膨胀系数随温度的变化,针对ULE玻璃和M55层合板材料的反射面,仿真分析反射...     

一种双指数Vivaldi天线RCS研究

文章研究了Vivaldi天线的散射特性,根据分析Vivaldi天线的工作特点,在不破坏辐射单元上电流分布的情况下,通过改变辐射贴片的外形,设计出了一种低RCS双指数Vivaldi天线。与常规Vivaldi天线相比,改进天线在2GHz-8GHz的宽频带范围内单站RCS得到了很好的减缩,而相对带宽基本不变,工作频带内增益最大损失0．4dB。     

非谐振单元加载的宽带超表面透镜天线设计

传统标准增益喇叭天线测试系统在测试物体的电磁特性时,由于要满足入射波为平面波的要求,通常要满足天线的远场条件,这样在测试过程中会产生绕射等现象,影响测试结果.通过在天线波导口处加载相位补偿的非谐振超表面单元可以改变电磁波的传播方向,使其在近场处也可以产生近似平面波的效果,可解决在测试过程中绕射等现象导致的测试结果不准确...     

A self-deploying and self-stabilizing helical antenna for small satellites

Space antennas with a helical geometry are an advantageous choice for many applications, for instance if the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a circular polarization is intended, or if signals from terrestrial objects shall be received with a high angular resolution. In all these cases the desired electromagnetic properties of a helical geometry can be combined with the mechanical advantage that the antenna acts as a compression spring, provided that its core structure has the necessary high spring stiffness but can nevertheless easily be compressed. Such an antenna has been developed by DLR Institutes in Bremen and Braunschweig together with some industrial partners for a small satellite named AISat, which shall be able to pursue the position of individual ships in critical sea areas in order to improve the security of seafare trade. The development was very challenging since the antenna must expand from a stowed stack length of only 10 cm to a total length of 4 m. Only a special carbonfiber core under the conductive coating and a system of stabilizing cords led to a satisfying solution. Both the self-deployment and the self-stabilization function of this innovative antenna concept have been successfully tested and verified under zero-g-conditions in the course of a parabolic flight campaign. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the helical antenna can really achieve its desired contour in weightlessness within some seconds and maintain the required stability. Beyond the current application for the AISat satellite it is therefore quite a promising concept for future satellites.     

基于修正模型的天线指向误差统计特性分析

作为评估天线性能的重要指标之一,天线指向精度直接影响着天线的跟踪观测性能。为了适应任务需求,提高天线及星地链路分析精度,本文基于指向误差修正模型对模型各分量的影响因素含义进行了系统分析,并定量研究了各个分量对指向误差的影响。基于各模型参数的分布特性,提出了一种指向误差概率分布模型,进一步完善了天线指向误差分析计算方法,最后利用天线的典型参数分析计算了天线指向误差角近似满足修正瑞利分布下的特征,可为后续星地链路统计分析提供参考依据。     

一种新型的双圆环形印刷天线设计

提出了一种新型圆极化天线形式——双圆环形印刷天线。通过提出一种异形巴伦,解决了圆极化天线与馈电网络严重失配的技术难题,从而使得该天线具有较高的增益和较宽的波束,且工作频率范围内驻波在1．5以下。天线的实测结果与仿真结果能够较好地吻合。     

小型化星载Ku频段宽带扇形波束圆极化天线

为适应星载天线小型化、宽带、高性能的发展趋势,提出一种小型化星载Ku频段宽带扇形波束圆极化天线。通过在H面扇形喇叭口处加入曲折线圆极化器实现天线圆极化,将传统平面圆极化器变为半圆柱形,天线的包络尺寸减小近36%。同时,在喇叭口处增加介质透镜,在有限尺寸内将球面波调节为平面波。半圆柱极化器和介质透镜的设计可共同调节入射波束角度,提升天线的宽角波束覆盖性能。利用CST软件建立模型进行仿真,仿真结果表明：天线结构紧凑、波束覆盖范围宽,俯仰面大于11.3dBi的增益覆盖范围达90°。半圆柱极化器的设计为星载天线的小型化、低成本设计提供新的思路。     

Radio interferometry for international study of the earthquake mechanism

The radio astronomy technique of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) offers significant promise for high accuracy, long distance, three-dimensional surveying of continental plate tectonics and its resultant earth crustal deformations that are intimately related to earthquakes. The methods of VLBI lend themselves to crustal deformation monitoring with possible applications to earthquake prediction on local and global scales. It is proposed to establish a network of independently operated radio receiving stations at arbitrary separations using extragalactic radio sources as a frame of time invariant reference. Systems analysis and initial feasibility demonstrations indicate that calibrations can be developed to make possible a transportable radio interferometry system. Using a 9 m diameter dish antenna operated in combination with a 64 m antenna receiving at X-band wavelengths (4 cm) it will be possible to measure the three-dimensional separation between antennas with a few cm accuracy for baselines up to 1000 km. With simultaneous band reception for charged-particle effect calibration, the transportable antenna can be operated at intercontinental distances with 10 cm accuracy. Earth platform parameters of universal time and polar motion can be calibrated to 0.25 msec and 10 cm, respectively, and radio source positions established to 0.005 arc sec accuracy by reception using large antennas at intercontinental distances.     

A compact, light-weight high data-rate antenna system for remote-sensing orbiters and space exploration

Upcoming space missions utilizing hyperspectral or other high-resolution sensors will generate a vast amount of data in orbit. The average communication duration between a spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) to a dedicated ground station is short and in addition, due to the high amount of data to be transferred at link times, a high-performance communication system on board of the satellite is indispensable.A solution that provides longer acquisition times with the ground station is to employ a high data-rate inter-satellite link to a geostationary relay satellite, which requires a flat, compact, steerable, light-weight yet robust antenna. Such an antenna system (antenna module plus pointing module) was developed for S-Band at the Institute of Astronautics (Technische Universität München), in cooperation with German space companies, research institutes and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Its successful operation via the geostationary relay satellite Artemis was demonstrated in cooperation with ESA in 2007.This paper describes the evaluation of an antenna system in the Ka-Band, as a successor to be developed in the next two years for high data rates and the various applications of such an antenna system.     

关于信息对抗中的“近空间”飞行器共形天线的探讨

文章首先从现代战争作战方式为立体空间、整体作战开始论述了发展“近空间”飞行器的必要性;然后对适合于“近空间”飞行器的天线作了综述,指出了采用共形天线将带来的好处,并给出了能够应用于共形天线的单元型式,重点探讨了微带线作为共形天线单元的优点,再针对导航信息对抗提出了一种与飞艇共形的天线方案构想;最后给出了共形天线将是未来发展的一个重要方向的结论。     

On dynamics of a plasma ring rotating in the magnetic field of a central body: Magneto-gyroscopic waves. Problems of stability and quantization

Based on a mathematical model described in [1], some new aspects of the dynamics of a thin planar plasma ring rotating in the magnetic field of a central body are considered. The dipole field is considered assuming that the dipole has a small eccentricity, and the dipole axis is inclined at a small angle to the central body’s axis of rotation. Emphasis is placed on the problem of stability of the ring’s stationary rotation. Unlike [1], the disturbed motion is considered which has a character of eddy magneto-gyroscopic waves. The original mathematical model is reduced to a system of finite-difference equations whose asymptotic analytical solution is obtained. It is demonstrated that some “elite” rings characterized by integral quantum numbers are long-living, while “lethal” or unstable rings (antirings) are associated with half-integer quantum numbers. As a result, an evolutionally rife rotating ring of magnetized plasma turns out to be stratified into a large number of narrow elite rings separated by gaps whose positions correspond to antirings. The regions of possible existence of elite rings in near-central body space are considered. Quantum numbers determining elite eigenvalues of the mean sector velocity (normalized in a certain manner) of a ring coincide with the quantum numbers appearing in the solution to the Schrödinger equation for a hydrogen atom. Perturbations of elite orbits corresponding to these quantum numbers satisfy the de Brogli quantum-mechanical condition. This is one more illustration of the isomorphism of quantization in microcosm and macrocosm.     

一种新的单通道阵列DOA估计快速算法

针对现有单通道阵列DOA估计算法复杂度较高、实时性较差的问题,提出一种适用于单通道阵列的快速DOA估计算法.该算法将常规多通道阵列的空间FFT算法引入单通道阵列信号处理中,将通道切换时间带入FFT运算中,构建了新的变换核函数,利用该核函数可直接对单通道阵列的采样信号进行空间FFT变换,基于此提出了适用于单通道阵列的SA...     

Environmental effects on the dynamics and control of an orbiting large flexible antenna system

The environmental effects on a proposed large flexible space structure, namely, the Hoop/Column antenna system are studied. Mathematical models for the disturbances resulting from the interaction of solar radiation pressure with the vibrating and also thermally deformed antenna structure are developed. Expressions for the stabilizing gravity-gradient torques are also obtained. The uncontrolled transient response of the antenna system shows that the structure may tumble in orbit due to the expected disturbances. Linear quadratic regulator techniques are used to develop control laws for the actuators which could provide both shape and orientation control. The controlled response of the system is simulated for various initial conditions. The steady state rms pointing accuracy and the antenna surface accuracy are met in all the cases considered here. In order to reduce the control effort required to maintain the shape and orientation, the thermal deformations will have to be minimized. In the preliminary design of the system, materials should be considered which have a higher thermal conductivity and a lower coefficient of linear expansion, within cost constraints.     

基于无人机的天线测量系统研究

在天线测量领域,为了评估天线在实际工作环境中的性能,现场天线测量技术受到越来越多的关注,借助无人机对天线性能指标进行现场测试评估的技术在近年来取得了显著进展。当前无人机天线测量系统可以分为两种：一种是在满足远场条件下直接测量天线方向图、增益等指标,一种是在近场测量后进行数据变换获得远场天线指标。本文总结了基于无人机的天线测量系统研究现状,提出一种外场无人机测量方案,通过S波段标准增益喇叭天线辐射方向图外场测试实验,验证了系统的可行性,进一步对测量误差进行了分析。     

一种基于氧化锆陶瓷的宽带圆极化双环天线

随着射频系统工作频率的不断提高,介质天线因不受导体损耗影响而备受关注。基于高介电常数介质波导在其高次模截止区的漏波辐射以及陶瓷三维打印技术,提出了一种宽带圆极化双环介质天线。相比于同样是工作于行波模式的金属宽带圆极化环天线,该介质天线的漏波辐射更易产生。探究了介质波导的辐射机理,并详细展示了该介质天线的设计过程：先将漏波辐射的直介质波导弯曲成单环以实现圆极化,再把单环结构拓展为双环,从而展宽天线的工作带宽。通过对比单环与双环介质天线可以发现,双环结构的轴比带宽大约是单环的3倍,且两天线在工作频段内均具有良好的右旋圆极化特性。为了验证该天线设计的有效性,利用陶瓷光固化工艺（一种三维打印技术）制作了天线实物,其实测轴比带宽为3.94~5.1GHz,最大增益为8.6dBic。     

典型星载螺旋天线的大功率微放电效应仿真分析及试验研究

为了对星载螺旋天线的微放电效应进行分析和研究,文章以典型星载双绕背射螺旋天线为例,首先采用HFSS软件对该天线进行微放电设计及阈值仿真分析,从设计上保证天线满足卫星微波系统50 W的功率容量要求;随后用前后向功率调零检测法对天线进行功率耐受和微放电试验,验证天线的功率耐受能力;为了研究天线放电现象及放电对天线性能的影响...